骨化三醇联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗偏瘫后继发废用性骨质疏松症47例

目的观察骨化三醇联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗偏瘫后继发废用性骨质疏松症的临床疗效。方法采用骨化三醇联合阿仑膦酸钠对47例偏瘫后继发废用性骨质疏松症患者进行治疗,观察治疗前后患者骨密度（BMD）、疼痛指数及Barthel指数的变化情况。结果经治疗后,所有患者BMD、疼痛指数及Barthel指数均较治疗前明显好转,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论骨化三醇联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗偏瘫后继发废用性骨质疏松症疗效肯定。     

骨化三醇联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗老年糖尿病骨质疏松症临床效果观察

目的：观察骨化三醇联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗老年糖尿病骨质疏松症的疗效。方法：将我院收治的老年糖尿病骨质疏松症患者分成对照组（60例,骨化三醇治疗）和观察组（60例,骨化三醇加阿仑膦酸钠治疗）。结果：观察组的Fuel—Meyer评分和骨关节疼痛VAS评分均优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：骨化三醇联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗老年糖尿病骨质疏松症疗效显著。     

原发性骨质疏松症两种治疗方案的疗效比较研究

目的比较阿仑膦酸钠+阿法骨化醇、钙尔奇+阿法骨化醇治疗原发性骨质疏松症的疗效。方法原发性骨质疏松症患者60例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。观察组口服阿仑膦酸钠片+阿法骨化醇胶丸;对照组口服钙尔奇D600片+阿法骨化醇胶丸。两组治疗时间均为12个月。结果所有患者均完成治疗,疗程结束后,两组患者的BMD值均提高(P<0.05);两组BMD值及疗效比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论阿仑膦酸钠+阿法骨化醇和钙尔奇+阿法骨化醇两种方案均能有效治疗原发性骨质疏松症,且两者疗效相当。     

唑来膦酸与阿仑膦酸钠治疗Ⅰ型骨质疏松症的对比

目的:探讨唑来膦酸与阿仑膦酸钠治疗Ⅰ型骨质疏松症的疗效差异.方法:Ⅰ型骨质疏松症患者112例分为两组,分别给予唑来膦酸治疗(观察组56例)及阿仑膦酸治疗(对照组56例),对比两组治疗效果差异.结果:观察组的治疗有效率高于对照组,P<0.05;观察组治疗后的腰椎Oswestry功能指数评分(ODI指数)、视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)明显低于对照组,P<0.05;治疗后两组的腰椎及髋部骨密度值(BMD)无明显差异,P>0.05.结论:唑来膦酸与阿仑膦酸钠治疗Ⅰ型骨质疏松症均有一定的效果,唑来膦酸在改善症状、提高髋关节功能方面优于阿仑膦酸钠.     

阿仑膦酸钠对老年甲亢继发骨质疏松症患者骨密度及血清骨钙素水平的影响

目的:探究阿仑膦酸钠对老年甲亢继发骨质疏松症患者骨密度(BMD)及血清骨钙素(BGP)水平的影响.方法:选取2014年7月~2016年7月我院收治的96例老年甲亢继发骨质疏松症患者为研究对象,使用随机数字表法分为两组,各48例.给予对照组甲巯咪唑联合钙尔奇D,观察组在对照组基础上加用阿仑膦酸钠,对比两组治疗前后BMD、BGP、TSH、FT3、FT4水平.结果:观察组治疗后BMD及BGP水平较治疗前改善幅度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗后TSH、FT3、FT4水平对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:阿仑膦酸钠可显著改善甲亢继发骨质疏松患者骨密度及血清骨钙素水平,对甲状腺功能改善无负面影响.     

锝[99Tc]亚甲基二膦酸盐注射液和阿仑膦酸钠治疗老年骨质疏松症的临床疗效对比观察

目的:观察锝[99Tc]亚甲基二膦酸盐注射液(云克)和阿仑膦酸钠治疗老年性骨质疏松症患者的临床疗效与安全性。方法:采用随机对照方法,80例骨质疏松患者分为阿仑膦酸钠组(n=40)和云克组(n=40),两组服用足量基础药物钙剂和维生素D同时分别增行阿仑膦酸钠和云克的治疗。疗程结束后,用数字模拟评分法(VAS)及测定骨密度(BMD)评定疗效。结果:阿仑膦酸钠组、云克组两组治疗后腰背痛均有缓解,组间比较云克组止痛起效快,改善最为显著(P<0.05)。阿仑膦酸钠组、云克组两组治疗后BMD均有一定增加,BMD的增加以云克组治疗后6个月最为显著(P<0.05)。结论:对于严重的老年骨质疏松症,云克可在短期内迅速缓解疼痛,增加BMD。阿仑膦酸钠安全性较好,在老年骨质疏松症的长期药物治疗中具有极大的优越性。     

106例骨质疏松症的药物治疗观察

目的探讨原发性骨质疏松症的有效治疗方法。方法将106例原发性骨质疏松症患者随机分为观察组和对照组各53例,对照组给予钙尔奇D,观察组在对照组治疗方案的基础上加用阿仑膦酸钠和阿法骨化醇。结果治疗6个月后,临床症状发生显著改善或骨痛明显减轻的患者中,对照组20例,好转率37．7％,观察组44例,好转率83．0％,观察组高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。两组患者药物治疗后的BMD比同组治疗前均有所提高,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;两组治疗后的股骨粗隆和股骨Wards三角区的BMD相比较,观察组的结果高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论阿仑膦酸钠、阿法骨化醇和钙尔奇D联合使用能够显著提高疗效,是原发性骨质疏松症的有效治疗方法。     

伊班膦酸钠联合骨化三醇治疗老年骨质疏松症的临床研究

目的 探讨伊班膦酸钠注射液联合骨化三醇胶丸治疗老年骨质疏松症的临床疗效。方法 选取2016年11月-2017年12月在上海市第三康复医院和第二军医大学附属公利医院收治的123例老年骨质疏松症患者作为研究对象,将患者随机分为骨化三醇组、伊班膦酸钠组、联合组,每组各41例。骨化三醇组患者口服骨化三醇胶丸,2粒/次,1次/d;伊班膦酸钠组患者静脉滴注伊班膦酸钠注射液,2 mg溶于0.9%氯化钠溶液250 mL中,滴注时间大于2 h,1次/3个月;联合组给予伊班膦酸钠注射液联合骨化三醇胶丸,用法用量同上。3组患者均连续治疗12个月。观察3组患者的临床疗效,比较3组患者治疗前后的数字疼痛评分（NRS）、骨密度（BMD）、血磷、血钙、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b（TRAP-5b）、骨源性碱性磷酸酶（BALP）水平和不良反应。结果 治疗后,骨化三醇组、伊班膦酸钠组、联合组的总有效率分别为82.93%、85.37%和95.12%,联合组总有效率显著优于骨化三醇组和伊班膦酸钠组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗6、12个月后,3组患者的NRS评分值均显著降低,平均腰椎BMD和平均股骨颈BMD均显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗6、12个月后,联合组患者的NRS评分值显著低于同期骨化三醇组和伊班膦酸钠组,而平均腰椎BMD和平均股骨颈BMD均明显高于同期骨化三醇组和伊班膦酸钠组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,3组患者血钙、血磷相较于治疗前差异无统计学意义,且联合组患者的血钙、血磷较其他两组差异均无统计学意义。治疗6、12个月后,3组患者TRAP-5b、BALP水平均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗6、12个月后,联合组患者TRAP-5b、BALP水平显著低于同期骨化三醇组和伊班膦酸钠组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。3组患者的不良反应发生情况差异无统计学意义。结论 伊班膦酸钠注射液联合骨化三醇胶丸治疗老年性骨质疏松症具有较好的临床疗效,能够改善骨密度,减少疼痛,维持骨生化指标,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

阿仑膦酸钠治疗男性糖皮质激素性骨质疏松症的疗效观察

目的观察阿仑膦酸钠治疗男性糖皮质激素性骨质疏松症的疗效。方法32例男性糖皮质激素性骨质疏松症患者口服阿仑膦酸钠10mg·d1,每天同时服用钙制剂(相当于钙元素500mg),疗程50周,治疗前后分别测定骨密度(BMD)及化验血、尿常规、肝肾功能及血钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶、尿钙/肌酐比值。结果治疗前后BMD有显著性差异(P<005),尿钙/肌酐比值有显著性差异(P<005)。结论阿仑膦酸钠是治疗男性糖皮质激素性骨质疏松症的有效药物。     

骨化三醇在治疗甲亢性骨质疏松症中的临床研究

目的:探讨骨化三醇治疗甲亢性骨质疏松症的临床疗效.方法:选取2016年1月～2017年1月我院收治的甲亢性骨质疏松症患者88例,按照随机数字表法,分为对照组(n=44)和观察组(n=44).对照组采用甲状腺药物联合阿仑膦酸钠片进行治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用骨化三醇,比较两组治疗效果.结果:经过药物治疗,观察组总有效率为93.18％,高于对照组的81.82％,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组症状评分优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:骨化三醇治疗甲亢性骨质疏松症的临床疗效显著,可使临床症状得以有效改善,值得在临床上推广.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.