人血清Kappa、Lambda轻链透射比浊法检测试剂的研制

目的建立人血清Kappa(KAP)、Lambda(LAM)轻链透射比浊分析方法。方法采用全自动日立生化分析仪,用自制透射比浊试剂检测临床血清标本,并对试剂的各项性能指标进行评价。结果KAP试剂盒的测定范围为0.75~12.00mg/mL,灵敏度为ΔA0.08/12.00mg/mL,准确度偏差5%,批内精密度(CV)5%、批间CV10%。样本中三酰甘油小于或等于5g/L、胆红素小于或等于600μmol/L、血红蛋白小于或等于5g/L、类风湿因子小于或等于600U/mL、抗坏血酸小于或等于0.3g/L时对检测结果无明显影响,自制试剂盒与进口罗氏试剂盒相关系数为0.999;LAM试剂盒的测定范围为0.50~8.00mg/mL,灵敏度为ΔA0.08/8.00mg/mL,准确度偏差5%,批内CV5%、批间CV10%。结论 KAP、LAM透射比浊试剂盒各项指标均达到临床检测要求,与罗氏同类试剂测定结果有较好的相关性,在临床上有极大的应用前景,可替代国外同类产品试剂盒。     

胶乳增强免疫比浊法定量测定血浆中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白的方法学评价及临床应用

目的：对胶乳增强免疫比浊法（LEIA）定量测定血浆中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL）进行方法学评价并探讨其初步的临床应用。方法应用美国临床实验室标准化协会（ CLSI）的标准化评价方案评价LEIA测定血浆NGAL的不精密度、回收率、线性范围、抗干扰性、稳定性等指标。同时测定86例2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者（其中包括41例糖尿病肾病（DN）患者）、40名体检健康者（正常对照组）的血浆NGAL水平。结果LEIA测定血浆NGAL 低、高水平的批内变异系数（ CV）分别为3．76％、1．79％;日间 CV 分别为6．62％、3．45％。平均回收率为97．3％～104．6％;在0～5000μg／L内线性良好,线性范围内偏差＜8％。与进口同类试剂盒（粒子增强免疫比浊法）具有高度相关性（R2＝0．9966）,两种检测方法在200和700μg／L处的偏倚分别为3．66和11．79μg／L,均满足厂家规定的要求。总胆红素≤600μg／L、血红蛋白≤10 g／L、维生素C≤0．6 g／L、甘油三酯≤15 mmol／L时对LEIA测定血浆NGAL均无明显干扰;试剂在仪器2～8℃的条件下放置,至少可保存稳定35 d;20名健康体检者血浆NGAL水平均处于厂家声明的参考区间内。正常对照组、T2DM组和DN组血浆NGAL水平呈逐步增高趋势,各组间差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0．01）。血浆NGAL与血清半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C（Cys C）、肌酐（Cr）呈正相关（相关系数分别为0．58、0．43,P均＜0．01）。结论 LEIA测定血浆NGAL具有较高的灵敏度和精密度,所测结果准确可靠,能直接在自动生化分析仪上使用,操作简便、快速,适用于大批量测定。     

乳胶增强免疫比浊法测定血清胱抑素C

目的建立乳胶增强免疫比浊测定血清胱抑素C(Cystatin C)的全自动分析方法。方法采用乳胶增强免疫比浊法测定Cystatin C,根据美国临床实验室标准化协会相关文件,对方法进行精密度、线性、准确性等评价及临床初步应用。结果此方法批内CV<4.0%,批间CV<5.0%。抗干扰性强,血红蛋白小于或等于4.0g/L、胆红素小于或等于420μmol/L、类风湿因子小于或等于2 200 U/L、三酰甘油小于或等于10 mmol/L对测定无影响;与进口试剂相比,Y=1.007 5X+0.002 9,r=0.999 5,二者相关性良好。试剂开瓶稳定性良好。结论乳胶增强免疫比浊法测定血清Cystatin C,具有方法简便、快速、灵敏的优点,且结果准确,可用自动分析仪测试,适合临床检验应用。     

透射比浊法尿微量白蛋白试剂盒的性能评价

[目的]了解免疫透射比浊法尿微量白蛋白试剂盒的性能指标。[方法]测定该试剂盒的检测下限、精密度、准确度、线性范围。[结果]免疫透射比浊法尿微量白蛋白试剂盒的检测下限为1．04mg／L,定量测定下限为1．88mg／L,批内CV小于2．25％,批问CV小于2．55％,准确度为101．0％,线性范围为2～150mg／L。[结论]免疫透射比浊法尿微量白蛋白试剂盒可以满足临床检测的需要。     

透射比浊法尿微量白蛋白试剂盒的性能评价

[目的]了解免疫透射比浊法尿微量白蛋白试剂盒的性能指标。[方法]测定该试剂盒的检测下限、精密度、准确度、线性范围。[结果]免疫透射比浊法尿微量白蛋白试剂盒的检测下限为1．04mg／L，定量测定卜限为1．88mg／L，批内CV小于2．25％，批间CV小于2．55％，准确度为101．0％，线性范围为2～150mg／L。[结论]免疫透射比浊法尿微量白蛋白试剂盒可以满足临床检测的需要。     

Roche降钙素原电化学发光法定量检测试剂盒的临床性能评价

目的对Roche降钙素原（PCT）电化学发光法定量检测试剂盒（简称Roche试剂盒）进行性能评估。方法以Biomérieux化学发光PCT试剂盒（简称Biomérieux试剂盒）为参比试剂,同时用2种试剂盒测定212例患者样本。分别以0.5和2.0μg/L为Cut-off值进行定性统计分析;并分析2种试剂盒测定值的相关性、偏倚以及脂血、溶血、类风湿因子（RF）等对检测结果的干扰。结果在0.5和2.0μg/L这2个医学决定水平,Roche试剂盒的相对灵敏度均〉75%、相对特异性均〉90%。与Biomerieux试剂盒的相对总体符合率较高,Kappa值均〉0.8。Roche试剂盒与Biomérieux试剂盒的测定值具有良好的相关性,2种试剂盒测定值间线性偏倚无统计学意义,平均偏倚为1.0μg/L,一致性界限为-4.6～6.6μg/L。肝素抗凝血浆及一定浓度的脂血[三酰甘油（TG）≤18.29mmol/L]、黄疸[总胆红素（TBil）≤541μmol/L]、溶血[血红蛋白（Hb）≤7.6g/L]和RF（RF≤1380kIU/L）对Roche试剂盒测定PCT不构成干扰。结论 Roche试剂盒在全自动电化学发光免疫检测仪上实现了PCT检测的自动化和快速化,所受干扰因素少,能完全满足临床检测需求。     

乳胶增强比浊法胱抑素C测定试剂的临床应用评价

目的评价浙江伊利康生物技术有限公司生产的乳胶增强比浊法胱抑素C(CysC)测定试剂盒。方法通过试剂的精密度、线性范围、回收率、干扰试验等进行系统评估。结果低、高值样本日内精密度(CV)分别为1.98%和1.01%,日间CV分别为3.79%和2.03%。与散射比浊法相比,相关方程为Y=1.115 2 X-0.7593,r2=0.991,测定结果明显相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。当三酰甘油浓度小于或等于10mmol/L,血红蛋白浓度小于或等于5g/L,维生素C浓度小于或等于2 540μmol/L,胆红素浓度小于或等于342μmol/L时对本法无明显干扰。结论该试剂完全符合临床应用要求,能适用于全自动生化分析仪。     

酶偶联法测定肌酐与苦味酸法的比较

目的：评价肌酐酶－氧化酶偶联法测定肌酐（以下简称酶法）。方法：同时用ROCHE公司和LABO公司的两种酶法试剂盒测定肌酐并与苦味酸法进行比较。结果：LABO酶法测定肌酐的线性范围为25μmol/L-2210μmol/L，ROCHE为49μmol/L－4420μmol/L，苦味酸法为92μmol/L－520μmol/L。LABO试剂的批内CV＜0．54％，批间CV＜2．06％，回收率为95％；ROCHE试剂的批内CV＜0．88％，批间CV＜2．30％，回收率为99％；苦味酸法批内CV＜1．13％，批间CV＜3．23％，回收率为93％。溶血、黄疸对两种酶法测定肌酐的干扰率＜4％；抗坏血酸对苦味酸法产生正干扰，当其＞0．625g/L时，干扰率≥11．2％，抗坏血酸≥1．25g/L时，对ROCHE试剂测定结果的干扰率≥5．58％；药物头孢曲松钠≥1．00g/L时，对苦味酸法产生正干扰，干扰率≥7．11％，对其它两种试剂无干扰。结论：酶法测定肌酐优于苦味酸法，可作为临床常规测定方法。同时，临床实验室需根据自己的实际情况选择合适的酶法试剂盒。     

胶乳增强免疫比浊法测定糖化血红蛋白的方法学评价

目的应用美国,旌床实验室标准化委员会的标准化评价方案对胶乳增强免疫比浊法测定HbAlc进行方法学评价。方法依据标准化文件要求,分析胶乳增强免疫比浊法测定HbAlc的精密度、线性范围、回收率和干扰因素,并考察其与高效液相色谱法的相关性。结果该法总变异系数为3．19％（低值）,3．53％（中值）和4．11％（高值）。平均回收率100．2％,在4．4％～13．5％范围内线性良好。胆红素在884μmol／L,三酰甘油在13．5mmol／L时对测定存在干扰。试剂和样本在低温保存时可稳定10天。该法与HPLC法结果明显相关,r=0．994,但整体略高于HPLC法的结果。结论胶乳增强免疫比浊法测定HbAlc方法符合NCCLS标准要求,适应临床需要。临床实验室在建立或引进新的检验项目时需要进行系统的方法学评价以验证检测的有效性和完整性。     

免疫比浊法测定血清视黄醇结合蛋白方法学评价

目的对免疫透射比浊法测定血清视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)进行方法学评价。方法采用免疫比浊测定法,根据美国临床实验室标准化委员会(NCCLS)相关文件,对该方法进行精密度、线性、准确性等评价及临床初步应用。结果批内CV%4.0%,批间CV%5.0%。抗干扰性强,Hb≤4.0g/L、胆红素小于或等于420μmol/L、三酰甘油小于或等于10mmol/L对测定无影响;与进口试剂对比,Y=1.0075X+0.0029,r=0.9995,两者相关性良好,试剂开瓶稳定性良好。结论免疫比浊测定血清视黄醇结合蛋白,方法简便、快速、灵敏,结果准确,可用自动分析仪测试,适合临床检验科应用。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.