西安地区8565例孕妇全血微量元素检测结果分析

目的调查西安地区孕妇全血微量元素水平,为其合理补充微量元素提供临床参考。方法采用原子吸收光谱法测定8565例孕妇全血中铜、锌、钙、镁、铁5种微量元素水平,分析不同孕期、不同年龄组孕妇体内各元素水平和缺乏状况。结果微量元素缺乏前3位依次是铁(27.80%)、钙(22.40%)和锌元素(8.84%)。锌元素含量在中孕期明显低于早、晚孕期,铁元素含量随妊娠期发展呈下降趋势;钙、铜元素缺乏率在早孕期明显高于中、晚孕期,铁元素缺乏率随妊娠发展逐渐升高,锌元素缺乏率在中孕期明显高于早、晚孕期。高龄孕妇组钙、铁和锌元素缺乏率明显高于适龄孕妇组。结论西安地区孕妇存在不同程度的微量元素缺乏,在妊娠期,应根据自身检测结果合理补充微量元素。     

早、中期妊娠妇女微量元素检测1000例分析

目的 了解本市早、中期妊娠妇女微量元素含量,指导孕妇合理补充及科学饮食,保证胎儿正常生长发育.方法 应用QL800微量元素分析仪测定1000例早、中期妊娠妇女血液微量元素锌、铁、钙、镁、铜、铅的含量,分析微量元素缺乏的种类及发生率.结果 缺铁56.7%;缺锌39.7%;缺钙28.3%;铅偏高12.1%,无缺铜、缺镁者.结论 妊娠早、中期妇女微量元素异常是较普遍现象.     

乌鲁木齐地区1575例孕妇血液微量元素检测结果分析

目的了解乌鲁木齐市孕妇血液中微量元素(铁、钙、锌、镁、铜)的含量,分析其异常原因,为孕妇的健康干预、营养干预提供科学依据。方法用原子吸收光谱仪测定孕妇静脉血中的微量元素,并对结果进行统计分析。结果1575名受检孕妇中92名维吾尔族孕妇,1483名汉族孕妇。1575例标本血液中的锌、铁、钙、镁、铜五元素缺乏比率分别21.78%、60.57%、50.03%、7.81%、0.63%。92例维吾尔族孕妇血液中微量元素铁、钙、镁与汉族孕妇血液中微量元素铁、钙、镁的含量存在显著性差异(P0.05),各微量元素测定结果无年龄差异。结论孕妇血液中锌、铁、钙、镁、铜微量元素缺乏,主要原因是补充不足。孕妇在加强营养方面,要根据地区环境以及民族生活习惯不同,合理摄取营养,科学补充缺乏的各种元素。     

西安地区510例孕妇静脉血标本中微量元素检测结果分析

目的探讨西安市怀孕（1-8）个月孕妇静脉血中微量元素含量,指导孕妇合理补充微量元素及饮食。方法用BH5100火焰原子吸收分光光度仪检测510例孕妇静脉血中铜、锌、钙、镁、铁的含量。结果510例孕妇中,铜乏者占2.94%,增高者占0.39%;锌缺乏者占17.84%,增高者占0.78%;钙缺乏者占30.20%,增高者占3.92%;镁缺乏者点0.98%,无增高者;铁缺乏者占34.90%,无增高者;钙＋铁缺乏者占7.65%;锌＋铁缺乏者占8.24%;锌＋钙＋铁缺乏者占6.08%。结论510例孕妇中锌、钙、铁缺乏者占的比例比较高。     

鄂温克旗467例少数民族小学生微量元素检测结果分析

目的了解鄂温克旗少数民族小学生体内微量元素的含量，对防治小学生体内微量元素缺乏提供依据。方法使用Olympus全自动生化分析仪对467例小学生血清中的钙、镁、铁、铜、锌进行测定。结果467例中缺铁占19．1％，缺锌占16．1％，缺钙占9．4％，缺铜占4．1％，缺镁占3．6％；男女之间微量元素缺乏无显著性差异；不同年龄组钙、镁缺乏有显著性差异；不同民族间钙缺乏有显著性差异，其它微量元素缺乏无显著性差异。结论鄂温克旗少数民族小学生以铁、锌、钙缺乏最为严重。而钙、镁的缺乏又随年龄增加而加重，应提高认识，及时预防微量元素的缺乏。预防疾病的发生。     

黄石地区学龄前儿童血铅与微量元素调查

目的了解黄石市学龄前儿童血铅水平及与微量元素状况。方法用石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪检测1645名学龄前儿童进行血铅和血钙、铁、锌、镁、铜5种微量元素。结果 1645名学龄前儿童血铅中毒率为29.3%,学龄前血铅中毒儿童的钙、铁、锌均低于学龄前正常儿童的值,且具有显著性意义。结论黄石市学龄前儿童血铅中毒和钙、铁、锌缺乏有相当高的比率,镁和铜缺乏比率较低。     

青岛市孕期妇女血清1.25（OH）2D3水平及与微量元素含量的相关性研究

目的测定孕期妇女血清1.25（OH）2D3水平及微量元素含量,探讨孕期妇女血清1.25（OH）2D3、微量元素水平变化及相关性分析。方法选择健康查体的孕期妇女798例,同时设正常组56例,采用酶联免疫试验测定血清1.25（OH）2D3水平、原子吸收光谱法测定Zn、Fe、Cu、Ca、Mg、的含量。结果798名调查资料合格者中,1.25（OH）2D3水平降低者278例（34.8%）,其中孕早期降低者占16.5%,孕中期降低者占33.0%,孕晚期降低者占38.7%;微量元素降低者占41.6%,其中钙缺乏37.2%,铁缺乏51.58%,锌缺乏18.4%;其中1.25（OH）2D3水平降低者孕早期占9.1%,孕中期占39.1%,孕晚期占38.2%;孕早期微量元素降低者占15.4%,其中钙缺乏5.8%,铁缺乏21.3%,锌缺乏6.8%;孕中期微量元素降低者占26.6%,其中钙缺乏41.5%,铁缺乏16.0%,锌缺乏9.8%;其孕晚期微量元素降低者占51.6%,其中钙缺乏35.2%,铁缺乏58.1%,锌缺乏20.8%。相关性分析,1.25（OH）2D3水平与Ca、Zn、Fe呈正相关,相关系数为0.758、0.5690和0.6970（P均〈0.01）;血微量元素相互之间相关性分析,Ca与Zn、Fe,Zn与Fe呈明显正相关,相关系数为0.658、0.7120、0.5622（P〈0.05）。结论青岛市孕期妇女血清1.25（OH）2D3水平及微量元素含量均明显降低,相关性分析,1.25（OH）2D3水平与Ca、Zn、Fe呈正相关,血微量元素相互之间相关性分析,Ca与Zn、Fe,Zn与Fe呈明显正相关。血清1.25（OH）2D3水平变化是孕期妇女体内微量元素缺乏的早期敏感指标,补充钙、锌、铁制剂干预防治的重要措施之一。     

血清叶酸和维生素在孕妇不同妊娠期表达及临床意义分析

目的探讨血清叶酸和维生素在孕妇不同妊娠期表达及临床意义。方法选取2017年1月至2018年1月于我院进行正常孕检保健的120例妊娠妇女作为观察组,选择同期于我院体检正常的60例非妊娠妇女作为对照组,采用化学发光免疫分析方法检测血清叶酸、铁蛋白和维生素B12的水平,并比较两组以及观察组不同孕期妊娠妇女上述指标水平差异。结果观察组孕妇血清铁蛋白和维生素B12水平均显著低于对照组,孕中、晚期妊娠妇女血清叶酸、铁蛋白和维生素B12水平均低于早孕期(P0.05);观察组孕妇血清叶酸、铁蛋白和维生素B1的缺乏率显著高于对照组(P0.05),且孕晚期孕妇血清叶酸、铁蛋白和维生素B12缺乏率均较孕早期孕妇高(P0.05)。结论妊娠妇女血清叶酸、铁蛋白和维生素B12水平较非妊娠妇女低,对不同孕期孕妇进行血清叶酸、铁蛋白和维生素B12水平的监测,可以快速准确分析孕妇贫血原因及状态,有效预防和治疗贫血症状,促进胎儿正常发育。     

妊娠期血清微量元素的变化

目的探讨妊娠期血清微量元素的变化规律。方法以原子吸收分光光度法分别测定421例孕妇和128例正常对照妇女血清铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)等微量元素浓度和血清镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)浓度。结果血清铜(Cu)在整个孕期内无显著性变化,P>0.05;血清锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)、镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)随孕期的增加而降低,P均<0.05。结论孕妇在妊娠期内应根据不同孕期,合理补充微量元素。     

孕早、中、晚期正常孕妇Zn、Ca、Mg、Fe分析

目的了解南京孕妇在不同孕期微量元素的变化规律。方法按孕周将547名孕妇分为早孕(小于16周)、中孕(16～28周)、晚孕(大于28周)3个实验组,130名正常体检妇女为对照组,采用原子吸收分光光度法检测孕妇及对照组妇女微量元素的含量,比较实验组及对照组微量元素值。结果随着孕周的增加,缺乏铁和镁的孕妇比例升高,钙元素早孕组缺乏的比例最高,中孕组孕妇缺锌比例最高。结论孕妇早孕期应注意钙元素的补充,中孕期应加强锌、镁、铁元素的补充,饮食上应注意膳食平衡,保证足够的微量元素铁供应。     

邯郸及周边地区孕妇妊娠各期五种微量元素分布特征

目的探讨本地区孕妇妊娠各期全血铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、钙（Ca）、镁（Mg）、铁（Fe）5种微量元素的含量水平及其变化规律,为妊娠期微量元素的摄入与补充提供依据。方法按孕周将557例孕妇分为早、中、晚孕3个组,138例健康未孕育龄妇女为对照组;采用火焰原子吸收光谱法分别测定孕妇组和对照组妇女全血5种微量元素浓度水平,对数据统计处理并进行对照研究。结果早、中、晚孕三组cu元素和Ca元素浓度水平显著高于对照组,差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,Cu元素和Ca元素浓度水平在早、中、晚孕三组间比较差别无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;早孕组Zn、Mg、Fe三种元素浓度水平高于对照组,差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;中孕组zn和Mg元素浓度水平低于对照组,差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,中孕组Fe元素浓度水平与对照组比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;晚孕组Zn、Mg、Fe三种元素浓度水平低于对照组。差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;Zn、Mg、Fe三种元素在早、中、晚孕三组间比较,浓度水平随孕周的增加而降低,差别有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论孕妇是微量元素缺乏的高危人群,要加强孕期及围产期微量元素的均衡摄入。通过其微量元素测定结果给予必要的补充,以保证母体和胎儿双方的需求。     

Heterogeneity of the iron status in the woman population during the pregnancy in Côte-d'Ivoire

The iron deficiency is a major problem of public health in the African countries, particularly in pregnant women population. The aim of our study was to appreciate the iron status during the pregnancy period (first, second and three trimesters); to realize an evaluation and to characterize the biological indicators of pregnant women. Our study was carried out in four medical and urban units of Abidjan in C?te-d'Ivoire with 531 pregnant women. The biological parameters significantly reduced in the third trimester of the pregnancy. But, an enhancement of the transferrin and the total iron binding capacity was observed. Moreover, 66 % of pregnant women presented iron deficiency anaemia (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the study shows that no pregnant woman presented iron normal status in the third trimester of the pregnancy.     

孕晚期注射HBIG阻断HBV母婴传播的病例对照研究

目的探讨孕晚期注射乙肝免疫球蛋白（HBIG）对阻断HBV母婴传播有无作用。方法选取538例孕晚期注射HBIG和817例未注射HBIG的孕妇及其婴儿,比较两组的宫内感染率。结果（1）HBIG组和对照组的宫内感染率分别为2．2％和1．1％,两组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;（2）当母亲同为HBeAg阳性时,两组的宫内感染率相比,差异无统计学意义（4．14％VS．4．92％,P〉0．05）;当母亲同为HBVDNA阳性时,两组的宫内感染率相比,差异仍无统计学意义（3．14％vs．3．10％,P〉0．05）;（3）进一步将孕妇血清HBVDNA按浓度高低进行分层分析,当HBVDNA浓度相同时,两组的宫内感染率相比,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论孕期注射HBIG对阻断HBV母婴传播无明显作用,不推荐孕期使用HBIG。     

Vitamin A and beta-carotene levels during pregnancy in Gaziantep, Turkey

Vitamin A levels during pregnancy have important influences on the health of pregnant women and the growing fetus. Therefore, plasma vitamin A and beta-carotene concentrations during pregnancy in Turkish women living in Gaziantep city were investigated in a prevalence study. Optimum sample size was determined as 252 for vitamin A deficiency and vitamin A and beta-carotene levels were examined in 427 pregnant women aged 14-44 years. Vitamin A and beta-carotene concentrations were measured spectrophotometrically by Neeld Pearson method. Vitamin A and beta-carotene concentrations in pregnant women were found as 1.14 +/- 0.44 micromol/L, and 1.80 +/- 0.66 micromol/L, respectively. Plasma vitamin A concentrations were found in low levels (<1.05 micromol/L) in 45.5% of pregnant women. Vitamin A deficiency (<0.7 micromol/L) was determined in 16.9% of pregnant women. A mild negative correlation was obtained between the vitamin A concentration and pregnancy period. Vitamin A levels of pregnant women were decreased significantly in the third trimester (p<0.05). The findings of present study suggest that vitamin A levels of pregnant women were poor in the region. Therefore, the intake of vitamin A with foods should be improved. Supplementation of vitamin A might benefit at improving maternal and child health especially in high-risk groups especially in developing countries. Monitoring vitamin A levels in pregnant women is very important for also determining low and high levels.     

大连地区母血及脐血中21种微量元素浓度测定分析

目的调查铁、锌、铜等11种必需微量元素及铅、砷、镉等10种有毒微量元素在正常产妇静脉血及新生儿脐血间的分布规律及其相关性,为孕期合理保健提供科学依据。方法随机对150名健康住院分娩的产妇分别抽取外周静脉血和新生儿脐静脉血,微波消解法制备供试品,电感耦合等离子体-质谱（ICP-MS）法进行全血21种微量元素水平的测定。结果大连地区孕妇全血中微量元素铁、钴、硒、铬、钼、砷、镉、铊和钒的浓度在正常成人参考值范围,锌、钙、铜、铅、银和钡的浓度明显低于参考值,而镁、锰和镍的浓度则高于该范围。与母血中各种微量元素浓度相比,脐血中的锌、钴、铜、锰、镍、铅、砷和镉的浓度均显著性降低（P〈0.01）,而铁的浓度则显著高于母血（P〈0.01）。直线相关分析结果表明,母血与脐血之间钙、镁、钴、铅、砷、铍、银、钡和钍的浓度呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）。结论微量元素在孕妇体内的浓度有别于正常成人的水平,新生儿体内微量元素的浓度与母亲体内微量元素的水平高低密切相关,孕期对上述多种重要的必需微量元素和有毒微量元素的水平进行监测和及时采取科学、有效的应对措施是优生的重要内容。     

Anaemia in pregnancy: associations with parity,abortions and child spacing in primary healthcare clinic attendees in Trinidad and Tobago

Objective

To determine the prevalence of anaemia in antenatal clinic attendees; to investigate the effects of parity, age, gravidity, previous abortions, child spacing and other factors on the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy.

Methods

This was a retrospective and cross-sectional study. Antenatal records of 2287 pregnant women attending 40 public healthcare centres from January 2000 to December 2005 in Trinidad and Tobago were used. Data pertaining to the investigated variables were recorded. The national prevalence of anaemia was calculated and chi-square tests, odds ratios and logistic regression were used to assess the relationship between anaemia and each variable.

Results

The prevalence of anaemia was 15.3% (95% CI 13.4%, 16.6%). No significant difference in the prevalence of anaemia was found among the different clinics or counties. At the first haemoglobin reading, age was inversely related to the presence of anaemia, whereas gestational age at first visit was directly related. At the final haemoglobin reading, parity, gravidity, and previous spontaneous abortions were directly related to the prevalence of anaemia, while the number of visits was inversely related. Age was inversely associated to the severity of anaemia while gravidity was directly related.

Conclusion

The prevalence of anaemia decreased by 18.7% from 1967. Despite this positive indication, women under 24 years and those commencing antenatal care after the first trimester are still at a higher risk for developing anaemia. Early commencement of antenatal care and close monitoring of the risk groups identified should be strongly advocated.     

早中期孕妇贫血及铁储存状况的分析

目的探讨早中期孕妇贫血发生情况与铁储存情况的关系,为临床提供妊娠贫血的实验室资料。方法测定孕早期和孕中期432名孕妇的贫血相关指标RBC、Hb、HCT、MCV、MCH、MCHC,同时检测血清铁蛋白（SF）,血清可溶性转铁蛋白受体（STfR）。结果 163名早期孕妇患者贫血患病率为19.52%,269名中期孕妇贫血患病率为38.31%。孕早期组和孕中期组铁减少患病率分别为14.02%和32.18%。孕中期与孕早期组相比SF显著降低,STfR显著增高。结论孕中期妊娠贫血发生率及铁减少患病率显著高于孕早期组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与孕早期组相比,孕中期Hb、SF显著降低,STfR显著增高（P〈0.05）。     

佛山地区妊娠中、晚期妇女甲状腺疾病特点的研究

目的探讨佛山地区妊娠中、晚期妇女甲状腺疾病的特点。方法选择佛山地区妊娠中期（孕16～24周）孕妇222例为中孕组,妊娠晚期（孕37～41^＋6周）孕妇113例为晚孕组,另选择同期在本院进行健康体检的非妊娠育龄妇女为非孕妇组,共204例,应用电化学发光免疫检测技术检测血中游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）及促甲状腺激素（TSH）的值。按如下标准确定诊断：TSH〈0．34mlU／ml,FT3和／或FT4升高者,诊断为甲状腺功能亢进（甲亢）;TSH〈0．34mlU／ml,m和b-T4正常者诊断为亚临床甲亢;TSH〉4．8mlU／ml,FT3和／或FT4降低者诊断为甲状腺功能减退（甲减）,TSH〉4．8mlU／ml,FT3和FT4正常者诊断为亚临床甲减。结果①比较甲状腺疾病患病率,中孕组与非孕妇组比较,P〉0．05,差异无统计学意义,晚孕组分别与中孕组及非孕妇组比较,P〈0．05,差异有统计学意义,晚孕组的甲状腺疾病患病率明显高于中孕组及非孕妇组。②比较甲状腺疾病的类型,各组的甲状腺疾病类型不同。组内甲亢（含亚临床甲亢）与甲减（含亚临床甲减）的患病率比较,在非孕妇组中,P〉0．05,差异无统计学意义;中孕组中,P〈0.05,差异有统计学意义,甲亢患病率明显高于甲减;晚孕组中,P〈0．05,差异有统计学意义,甲亢患病率明显高于甲减。③组间比较甲亢与甲减患病率,中孕组与晚孕组比较,P〉0．05,差异无统计学意义;中孕组与非孕妇组比较,P〉0．05,差异无统计学意义;晚孕组与非孕妇组比较甲亢患病率,P〈0．05,差异有统计学意义,晚孕组甲亢的患病率明显高于非孕妇组,比较甲减患病率,P〉0．05,差异无统计学意义。结论沿海城市孕中晚期妇女甲状腺疾病的类型以甲亢为主,建议通过孕中期开始定期检测甲状腺功能,及时发?     

孕妇血清P、HPL与先兆早产相关性研究

目的观察孕妇妊娠晚期血清P、HPL对早产的预测价值。方法将受试者分成两大组,研究组(先兆早产)、对照组(正常孕妇),先兆早产组经过保胎治疗后继续妊娠或者发生难免早产的患者,对这两组孕妇根据不同的孕周分别再分成三组,分别检测其血清中P,HPL的值,分别计算其平均水平,每两组相同孕周的孕妇进行比较。结果孕妇血清中P、HPL随孕周增加其值也在相应的上升,但研究组早产组中的患者明显低于对照组患者。结论检测孕妇妊娠晚期血清中P、HPL值可以预测早产。     

Polyclonal activation of IgM antibodies to phospholipids in patients with idiopathic fetal growth retardation

Phospholipid fractions and antibodies to phospholipids in the sera of normal pregnant women and patients with intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) were examined. Significant elevation of serum phospholipids were observed in the second and third trimesters of normal pregnancy. Serum concentration of phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin was significantly lower in the third trimester in patients with IUGR than in normal pregnant women. Remarkable concentrations IgG and IgA antibodies to phospholipids were not observed in the patients or in normal pregnant women. Polyclonal activation of IgM antibodies was detected in normal pregnant women in the first and second trimesters but less so in the third. The activation of IgM antibodies was not observed in patients with IUGR induced by severe preeclampsia, but significant levels of IgM antibodies were detected in the third trimester in patients with idiopathic IUGR. It is suggested that antibody formation to phospholipids in normal pregnant women is induced by elevation of phospholipids and is down-regulated in the third trimester. Failure to down-regulate IgM antibodies may be related to the pathogenesis of idiopathic IUGR.