经椎弓根闭合楔形截骨术矫正胸腰椎后凸畸形的3年随访

目的:评估经椎弓根闭合楔形截骨术矫正胸腰椎后凸畸形的临床疗效。方法:2002年1月～2009年12月,45例胸腰椎后凸畸形患者进行经椎弓根闭合楔形截骨矫形术。其中强直性脊柱炎18例,陈旧性胸腰椎骨折15例,胸腰椎结核12例。所有患者均得到随访,内容包括术前、术后Cobb角以及侧位片上C7~S1水平距离,截骨处融合情况,腰痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和Oswestry功能评分(ODI)的变化。结果:平均随访时间为36个月。平均手术时间为220分钟,术中平均出血量为1510ml。术前后凸Cobb角平均为50.8°,术后为11.5°,平均矫正角度36.5°,C7~S1水平距离术前平均110.5mm,术后平均为20.8mm。融合率100%。术前患者腰痛VAS评分平均为7.9分,术后2.8分。术前ODI评分平均为62.3分,术后为29.5分。患者主观满意率97%。2例出现术后神经根损伤症状,未经特殊处理均基本恢复正常。2例术后出现脑脊液漏,经缝合、压迫治愈。结论:经椎弓根截骨术矫正胸腰椎后凸畸形有效、安全,应该进行个体化治疗,根据患者的实际情况选择合适的截骨部位。     

椎弓根钉棒系统治疗胸腰椎骨折脱位56例

目的评价椎弓根钉棒系统治疗胸腰椎骨折脱位的疗效。方法经后路椎弓根钉棒系统复位内固定、减压、植骨治疗56例胸腰椎骨折脱位。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,术后刀口一期愈合。Cobb角由术前平均16.6°度矫正至术后平均2.6°;椎体前缘高度由术前平均54%恢复至术后平均98%。52例平均随访12(7～32)个月,椎体序列、伤椎高度、椎间隙及Cobb角恢复满意。结论椎弓根钉棒系统后路复位固定植骨,是治疗胸腰椎骨折脱位的有效方法。     

胸腰椎骨折后路复位固定经椎弓根椎体内植骨的体会

目的：经后路采用AF和钉棒系统复位固定胸腰椎屈曲压缩型骨折,分两组第1组后路复位固定经椎弓根行椎体内植骨;第2组单纯后路复位固定,两组对照评价脊柱矫正程度。方法：对接受手术的两组患者总计28例术前、术后的影像学资料进行总结,并对结果进行分析。结果：28例患者经一年随访,测出X光片术前和术后伤椎前缘平均高度,两组术前平均高度为17 mm,术后1周平均为31 mm;术后一年第1组平均为29 mm,cobbs角平均增加2°,第2组平均为27mm,cobbs角平均增加4°。结论：后路复位固定并经椎弓根椎体内植骨融合治疗胸腰椎屈曲压缩型骨折是可行的,与后路单纯复位固定相比复位好,远期椎体高度丢失小;可最大范围恢复脊柱生理曲度。     

后路椎弓根内固定加前路病灶清除、植骨融合治疗胸腰椎结核

目的观察一期后路椎弓根内固定加前路病灶清除、植骨融合治疗胸腰椎结核的临床效果。方法总结采用经后路椎弓根内固定加前路病灶清除、植骨融合治疗胸腰段至腰骶段结核32例的临床资料,包括植骨融合、截瘫恢复和后凸畸形矫正情况。结果随访9月~2.5年(平均1.5年),32例腰痛症状均消失,植骨区都骨性融合;27例合并截瘫患者中,症状改善26例;术后后凸畸形角度平均矫正30.2°,至植骨完全融合后,矫正角度平均丢失3.1°。结论通过一期后路椎弓根内固定联合前路病灶清除、植骨融合治疗胸腰椎结核能有效清除病灶、稳定脊柱及使神经减压。     

胸腰段骨折前、后路重建术的临床疗效比较

目的:比较分析胸腰段骨折前、后路重建手术的临床疗效。方法:随机选择30例胸腰段骨折脊柱重建手术治疗患者,其中行前路手术15例(前路组),行后路手术15例(后路组)。随访15-50个月,平均21个月。神经功能评价采用Frankel分级和ASIA评分,通过影像学检查脊柱畸形角(Cobb’s角)的纠正、植骨融合情况。结果:前路组术后平均2周下床活动,胸腰椎(Cobb’s角术前、术后及随访时分别为(24.6±7.6)°、(1.8±7.3)°、(1.1 ±7.2)°,术前与术后及随访时比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。全部患者得到矫正并骨性融合,截瘫者神经功能平均提高1.35级。后路组术后平均1个月下床活动,胸腰椎Cobb’s角术前、术后及随访时分别为(23.5±7.6)°、(2.0±7.3)°、(5.1±7.2)°,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),截瘫者神经功能平均提高1.2级。结论:胸腰段骨折经胸膜外前路减压、复位、植骨、内固定重建术可有效地纠正脊柱骨折后畸形,并维持矫正度,改善神经功能,可早期活动。     

改良后入路环椎管减压AF内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的:探讨胸腰椎爆裂骨折的最佳治疗方式。方法:根据骨折类型不同,采用后入路不同方式的环椎管减压AF内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折145例。结果:140例得到随访,平均随访34mo(3~80mo)。术前后凸成角平均26°,术后平均9;°术前椎管狭窄率平均54%,术后平均10%。136例获得Frankel分级1~3级以上的改善。结论:改良后入路环椎管减压AF内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折具有创伤小、出血少、操作简便、减压彻底、复位满意、固定可靠、植骨方便等诸多优点,可做为治疗新鲜胸腰椎爆裂骨折的首选术式。     

后路半椎体切除治疗先天性脊柱侧凸

目的探讨后路半椎体切除、器械矫正内固定治疗先天性脊柱侧凸的临床效果。方法采用一期后路半椎体切除、器械矫正内固定治疗先天性脊柱侧凸畸形15例。术中咬除半椎体的后部附属结构,沿椎弓根外侧壁剥离至椎体前缘,切除半椎体、上下椎间盘及邻近椎体的软骨面,通过内固定器械凸侧加压闭合畸形椎切除后所致的间隙,矫正脊柱畸形。术后定期门诊复诊,观察脊柱融合、畸形矫正率和内固定稳定情况。结果本组15例均获得随访,随访时间12~36个月,平均24个月。术前侧凸Cobb角35°~78°,平均57°,术后Cobb角15°~36°,平均25°,矫正率54%;术前后凸Cobb角22°~65°,平均45°,术后后凸Cobb角8°~36°,平均18°,矫正率60%。术后未发现脊髓、神经损伤,无内固定松动,无切口感染。结论后路半椎体切除、器械矫正内固定治疗先天性脊柱侧凸是一种安全、有效的矫正方法。     

经伤椎椎弓根植骨配合后路钉棒系统治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的:胸腰椎骨折经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨配合后路钉棒系统复位固定的临床疗效。方法:80例胸腰椎屈曲压缩性骨折采用后路钉棒系统复位,固定并经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨配合椎板关节突,横突间三维植骨的方法,疗效进行随访总结。结果:椎体高度同术后未见减少(95%),COBB角4°～10°,椎体楔变角5°～10°,术后1年<15°。无伤口感染,术后症状恢复佳,无内固定断裂等并发症。结论:此方法对胸腰椎骨折复位和固定术式简单,能达到理想复位,恢复了椎体高度,加强了伤椎抗压能力,促进骨折的愈合,维持了脊柱的生理形态,避免或减少远期并发症。     

前路病灶清除后路椎弓根固定治疗腰椎结核

目的探讨前后路联合Ⅰ期手术治疗腰椎结核的效果。方法采用后路椎弓根钉内固定同时前路病灶清除及椎间植骨融合治疗腰椎结核患者43例。术后随访12~33个月,平均(20±2)个月。在X线片上测量术前、术后后凸角度(Cobb角),观察植骨融合情况,应用Frankel分级评分评估神经恢复情况。结果平均手术时间(3.0±0.5)h,术中平均出血(600±50)mL。43例患者术后切口均甲级愈合,未发生感染现象,未见窦道形成。植骨块均骨性融合,局部无复发,术后X线片显示后凸畸形角度矫正10°~25,°平均(14±2)°,随访1 a以上至植骨块融合时,角度丢失0°~3°,平均(2±1)°,所有患者均未发生后凸畸形加重。15例有神经症状患者术后均有一定程度的恢复。结论前后路联合Ⅰ期手术治疗腰椎结核可以促进植骨融合和神经功能恢复,防止后凸畸形,临床疗效满意。     

前后路联合手术治疗腰椎结核11例

目的:探讨前路结核病灶的清除,后路内固定加后外侧及椎体间植骨融合术治疗腰椎结核的特点及疗效。方法:采用前路结核病灶清楚、后路椎弓跟系统内固定、椎间植骨融合术治疗腰椎结核患者11例。结果:术后随访6～12个月,所有患者手术切口均Ⅰ期愈合,局部无窦道形成,临床症状消失。2例后凸畸形患者,后凸角度平均矫正20.2°,随访期间无丢失,畸形矫正满意,2例马尾神经受累病人症状消失,所有患者后外侧植骨4～6个月均融合。结论:术前、术后正规系统的抗痨治疗,术中病灶的彻底清除及有效可靠的后路内固定、椎间植骨融合,是保证脊柱结核手术治疗成功的关键。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.