CT导引下胸部穿刺活检术的临床应用

经皮穿刺胸部活检术是胸部非血管性介入技术中的重要内容 ,因为CT导向具有良好的空间分辨率 ,能清晰显示病变位置 ,确定穿刺进针的方位、角度及深度而被广泛应用。一些影像学难以明确性质的病变 ,特别是周围性肺部病灶、胸膜病变、胸壁病变以及纵隔肿块等 ,通过活检取得细胞学、组织学资料可作出定性诊断和鉴别诊断 ,对于治疗方案的选择、制定以及治疗后随访等均有重要作用。本文通过对 2 5例胸部穿刺活检患者的临床资料分析 ,探讨CT导引下胸部穿刺活检术的适应证、成功率等 ,以及在操作过程中如何避免和减少并发症的发生 ,现总结如下。1…     

CT导引下胸内肿物穿刺活检22例临床分析

目的 探讨CT导引下的胸壁穿刺活检对胸内占位病变的诊断价值。方法 对22例行CT导引下胸壁穿刺活检的病例进行总结分析，该组患者均为CT扫描发现胸部肿物而难以明确诊断者。结果 所有病例均穿刺成功并获组织学和细胞学材料，送检共发现19例为恶性病变；组织学诊断有18例为恶性病变，细胞学诊断有5例为恶性病变。穿刺中和穿刺后，发生气胸2例、痰中带血1例。结论 CT导引下的胸壁穿刺活检是一种有效的诊断手段，自动切割针可以较好地获得组织学标本，细胞学和组织学检查互补可提高检出率。     

CT导引经皮肺穿刺活检56例

目的：明确肺内病变性质,提高CT导引经皮肺穿刺活检技术的精确性。降低并发症。方法：对56例各种形态肺内病变作CT导引经皮肺穿刺活检术。结果：病变刺中率96.4%,1次进针成功率80.4%,诊断准确率87.5%,假阴性率12.5%,并发气胸5.4%,肺出血和咯血7.1%。结论：明确靶点、尽量选择切割针、提高1次进针成功率,获取一定量的有效标本,能提高该技术的准确性,降低并发症。     

CT引导下经皮胸部病变穿刺活检临床应用

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮胸部穿刺活检术的准确性及临床意义.方法 78例胸部病变,其中肺部病变61例,胸膜病变9例,纵隔病变8例,在CT引导下行经皮胸部穿刺活检.结果 穿刺成功率为93.5%.经穿刺活检并手术病理学确诊的肺部病变61例中,肺腺癌21例,鳞癌25例,肺转移瘤7例,结核8例;胸膜病变中胸膜间皮瘤3例,炎症6例;纵隔病变中胸腺瘤4例,结节病2例,淋巴瘤2例.并发气胸8例.结论 CT引导下经皮胸部穿刺活检是一种安全、简单准确的诊断方法.     

胸部肿瘤定位穿刺技术的临床应用

目的:探讨 CT引导下胸部肿瘤定位穿刺技术临床应用价值。方法 :2 0 0 1年 3月～ 2 0 0 3年 8月经 CT引导穿刺活检的 32例胸部占位性病变。肺周围性肿块 8例 ,纵隔及肺中央性肿块 2 0例 ,胸水疑胸膜转移 4例。 16例患者曾在纤维支气管镜下做活检 1～ 2次 ,但均未确诊。CT定位后用 16～ 18G切割式穿刺枪从前或后胸壁避开重要脏器进针 ,穿刺 1～ 3次 ,送组织学或加细胞学病理检查。结果 :2 8例明确诊断 ,阳性率 81.82 % (2 8/ 32 ) ,1例气胸 ,2例少量出血 ,其余病例未发生严重并发症。 结论 :CT引导胸部肿瘤定位穿刺技术对纤维支气管镜检查阴性的胸部占位性病变有较重要的临床价值 ,值得进一步推广应用。     

CT引导下胸部病变穿刺活检的临床应用(附15例分析)

目的 探索CT引导下胸部病交经皮穿刺活检的方法及临床应用价值.方法 CT引导下胸部病变经皮穿刺活检15例,其中肺部病变14例,胸膜病变1例.CT扫描确定穿刺点、穿刺角度、穿刺深度,局麻进针后,CT再次扫描确认针尖到达靶点位置后再进行活检切割取材及抽吸涂片,然后送病理室作病检.拔针后CT扫描观察有无并发症.结果 15例穿刺一次成功率100%,确诊率93.3%,1例出现少量气胸,并发症发生率为6.6%.结论 CT引导下胸部病变经皮穿刺活检为微创技术,其简单易行,安全有效,成功率高,并发症少.     

CT引导下经皮穿刺肺活检的应用体会

目的探讨CT导引下经皮肺穿刺活检的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析23例肺内病变患者在CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检的技术方法,就如何提高穿刺准确性及减少并发症的发生进行讨论。结果23例中,穿刺成功率和准确率达100%,穿刺后出现的并发症为气胸及咯血,其中咯血者1例,气胸2例,发生率为13%。结论CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术是安全的,可有效提高肺内病变诊断的准确性。     

CT导引下经胸壁穿刺抽吸肺活组织检查31例分析

对31例纤维支气管镜等检查阴性,与胸壁不同距离的肺内肿块做CT导引下经胸壁穿刺抽吸肺活检,结果30例获明确诊断(占96.8％),其中24例恶性病变均获诊断(占100％),无咯血、气胸等并发症。表明CT导引下经皮穿刺活检术具有定位准确,安全和诊断正确率高等优点。     

CT导引胸部病变穿刺活检的操作技巧

目的探讨CT导引胸部病变穿刺活检的相关操作技巧,为胸部病变穿刺活检提供参考依据。方法选择2010年1月至2012年10月邯郸市传染病医院收治的128例胸部病变患者作为研究对象,所有患者均在CT导引下进行穿刺活检,对所有患者的临床资料进行分析。结果 128例患者中,127例患者在CT导引下穿刺成功,1例患者穿刺失败,其穿刺成功率为99.2%。128例患者中有123例患者经CT检查得以确诊,其确诊率为96.85%,其中51例为良性病变,72例为恶性病变。128例患者中,有8例患者在穿刺后出现了并发气胸的情况,其并发症发生率为6.3%。结论在对胸部病变患者进行临床诊断时,CT导引胸部病变穿刺活检是明确病变良、恶性的重要手段之一,具有较高的临床应用价值,在临床工作中值得推广应用。     

胸部肿块CT引导下穿刺活检的临床应用

目的观察CT导引下经皮胸部肿块穿刺活检的技术及应用价值。方法经皮穿刺活检79例胸部肿块，采用18G同轴自动切割针。常规选择垂直床面进针，水平床面进针或垂直体廓进针。结果一次性穿刺成功率98％，总确诊率96％，胸部并发症发生率21．8％。结论CT引导下经皮胸部肿块穿刺活检技术安全可靠，有广泛的临床应用价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.