危重病患者细胞因子和氧代谢指标的动态变化

多器官功能障碍综合征( MODS)已成为ICU患者死亡的主要原因〔1〕;尽管采取各种措施对危重患者积极进行器官功能支持,但其病死率仍高达70 %左右〔2〕,多数患者死于进行性MODS。全身炎症反应综合征( SIRS)是MODS发病的基础,细胞因子失控性释放是SIRS向MODS转化的关键,危重患者氧供能否得到充分保证及合理利用与MODS预后密切相关。观察危重患者SIRS期间炎症细胞因子和氧代谢指标的动态变化,旨在为临床诊断提供依据。1　资料与方法1.1　病例:2 0 0 2年6月—2 0 0 3年12月我院急诊科收治的35例危重病患者均符合SIRS诊断标准〔1〕…     

低氧血症新生儿循环内皮细胞数量的变化及其临床意义

目的：探讨低氧血症新生儿外周血循环内皮细胞（CECs）水平变化及其临床意义。方法采用 Hladovec 计数法测定40例不同程度缺氧的低氧血症患儿（低氧血症组）及20例血氧分压正常的健康新生儿（对照组）外周血 CECs 数量。结果低氧血症组 CECs 为（0．910±0．422）×106／L 与对照组比较,高于对照组的（0．180±0．100）×106／L,差异有统计学意义（t＝7．539, P ＜0．05）;中度低氧血症组 CECs 为（1．140±0．135）×106／L,高于轻度低氧血症组的（0．540±0．127）×106／L,差异有统计学意义（t＝13．43,P ＜0．05）;重度低氧血症组 CECs 为（1．660±0．114）×106／L,高于中度低氧血症组的（1．140±0．135）×106／L,差异有统计学意义（t＝7．698,P ＜0．05）。结论外周血 CECs 数量可反映低氧血症患儿缺氧严重程度,可作为低氧血症的早期诊断指标,为临床早期诊断、病情判断及疗效评估提供新的判断依据。     

多器官功能障碍综合征患者循环内皮细胞数量和血脂水平变化及临床意义

目的:探讨循环内皮细胞(CEC)数量与血脂水平与多器官功能障碍综合征(M ODS)的关系及其意义。方法:用等密度梯度离心法分离35例M ODS患者CEC,常规进行血脂测定,并与20名健康体检者进行比较。同时用急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)对M ODS患者的严重程度进行评分,并与CEC数量与血脂水平进行相关性分析。结果:与正常对照组比较,M ODS组CEC数量明显增加,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。M ODS组甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL C)均明显低于正常对照组,差异均有显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01)。TG、TC、LDL C水平与CEC数量呈明显负相关(TG:r=0.396,P<0.05;TC:r=0.672,P<0.05;LDL C:r=0.486,P<0.05)。M ODS组APACHEⅡ评分与CEC数量呈正相关(r=0.436,P<0.05),与TG、TC、LDL C水平呈负相关(TG:r=0.372,P<0.05;TC:r=0.425,P<0.05;LDL C:r=0.487,P<0.05)。结论:M ODS患者血管内皮细胞功能受损,血脂水平下降,血脂水平结合CEC数量可更为准确地预测疾病的严重程度。     

循环内皮细胞及其检测方法的研究

本文介绍了循环内皮细胞的意义以及目前检测全血中循环内皮细胞的三种主要方法：形态识别计数法、间接荧光抗体法和单克隆抗体法。     

肺心病患者呼吸衰竭与循环内皮细胞的变化

目的 :探讨肺心病患者呼吸衰竭时血液循环内皮细胞的变化。方法 :4组研究对象为肺心病急性期组 ,缓解期组 ,其它肺部疾病组 ,正常对照组。检测肺动脉血氧分压 (PaO2 ) ,二氧化碳分压 (PaCO2 ) ,循环内皮细胞(CEC)。结果 :肺心病急性期患者PaO2 明显降低 ,CEC明显增高 ,两者呈负相关。结论 :肺心病患者急性期低氧血症是引起肺血管内皮细胞损伤的主要因素。     

不同血糖控制目标对ICU危重病患者蛋白质代谢及预后的影响

目的探讨不同血糖控制目标对ICU危重病患者蛋白质代谢及预后的影响,为ICU危重病患者的治疗提供参考。方法收集伴应激性血糖升高的危重病患者177例。根据患者根据病人血糖控制水平分为A组(4.4~6.1mmol/L)56例;B组(6.2~8.3 mmol/L)62例;C组(8.4~11.1 mmol/L)59例。比较各组的血糖水平、低血糖发生率、胰岛素平均使用量,治疗第1天、第7天时蛋白质代谢指标变化及预后。结果 A组平均血糖低于B组、C组(P0.05),B组低于C组(P0.05);A组低血糖发生率明显高于B组、C组,B组与C组无显著差异(P0.05);A组、B组胰岛素平均用量无显著差异(P0.05),但均高于C组(P0.05)。治疗第7天,三组白蛋白(ALB)、血前白蛋白(PA)和转铁蛋白(TF)均较本组治疗第1天时明显降低,但B组PA、TF降低程度大于A组(P0.05),C组PA、TF降低程度大于B组(P0.05)。A组、B组院内感染发生率明显低于C组(P0.05)。结论血糖控制在6.1~8.3 mmol/L是较合理范围,既可降低低血糖的发生率,改善蛋白质高分解、高能量代谢状态,又可减少院内感染的风险。     

中等剂量多巴胺联合肾上腺素对心跳骤停患者抢救成功率和自主循环恢复时间及脑氧代谢指标的影响

目的:研究中等剂量多巴胺联合肾上腺素对心跳骤停患者抢救成功率、自主循环恢复时间及脑氧代谢指标的影响。方法:前瞻性选取2019年1月-2020年1月在我院发生心跳骤停的患者80例,其中40例采用小剂量多巴胺联合肾上腺素治疗(对照组),40例采用中等剂量多巴胺联合肾上腺素治疗(研究组)。比较两组患者抢救成功率、自主循环恢复时间、颈内静脉球血氧饱和度(SjvO₂)、脑氧代谢率(CMRO₂)、脑血流量(CBF)、脑动脉-静脉氧含量差(a-vDO₂)。结果:研究组自主循环恢复时间较对照组低,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者复苏后3 d的SjvO₂较对照组低,CMRO₂、CBF、a-vDO₂较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组复苏后4、12、24 h平均动脉压较对照组高(P<0.05);研究组24 h存活率、出院存活率较对照组高,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:使用中等剂量多巴胺联合肾上腺素救治心跳骤停患...     

高血压病循环内皮细胞定量变化的观察

高血压病循环内皮细胞定量变化的观察林惠，黄爱平（福建省立医院，福州３５０００１）张建成（福建省立医院心血管病研究所）循环内皮细胞（Ｃｉｒｃｕｌａｔｉｎｇｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉａｌｃｅｌｌ．ＣＥＣ）的功能，除参于肌体的凝血、免疫、物质转运有关外，还能合成分...     

循环内皮细胞的研究新进展

近年研究表明,血管内皮细胞[1]不仅是一个半透膜屏障,还具有很多复杂的代谢和内分泌功能.在对血管内皮细胞的研究过程中,人们发现体内血管内皮损伤缺乏敏感的判定指标,并在对此的研究中发现了循环内皮细胞(CEC).     

急性脑梗死患者循环内皮细胞一氧化氮及乳酸的含量变化及其临床意义

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者循环内皮细胞(CEC)、一氧化氮(NO)及乳酸(LA)的含量变化及其临床意义.方法应用Percoll密度梯度离心法、荧光分光光度法和光电比色法测定60例急性脑梗死患者血中CEC、LA、NO浓度的动态变化,与50例正常对照组进行比较.结果急性脑梗死组CEC、LA、NO明显高于对照组,CEC数量与NO值、LA值分别呈明显的正相关.结论血管内皮细胞损伤在急性脑梗死的发病机制中发挥重要作用,NO和LA均参与脑梗死急性期的病理生化演变过程.     

危重病人心肺复苏的氧代谢研究

目的　评估胸外按压对全身血流动力学和氧代谢的影响。方法　外科ICU内 16例使用机械通气和血流动力学监测的病人 ,在呼吸心跳停止后继续维持高浓度氧的机械通气 ,同时进行持续胸外心脏按压 (频率 12 0～ 140次 /min) 30min。在此期间 ,每隔 5min测心排血量指标和动脉、混合静脉血气 ,并做氧代谢计算。结果　 1.心排血量平均为 (2 0 6± 1 0 3)L/min时 ,氧代谢为 :动脉血氧含量 (CaO2 ) :(11 0± 3 0 )ml/dl;静脉氧含量 (CvO2 ) :(4 6± 2 3)ml/dl;动 -静脉血氧含量差 (avDO2 ) :(6 9± 2 6 )ml/dl;氧载 (O2 AV) :(2 16± 88)ml/min ;氧耗 (VO2 ) :(135± 5 9)ml/min ;氧提取率 (O2 ER) :0 6 5± 0 14;肺泡 毛细血管血氧分压差 (A aDO2 ) :(4 73± 178)mmHg ;动 -静脉分流率 (Qs/Qt) :(39 9± 15 2 ) %。氧载为生理的 1/4 ,氧耗为生理的 1/2 ,氧提取率为生理的 2～ 3倍 ,氧耗与氧载未脱依赖关系 ;但在个别病人可见上述生命支持可满足 (动脉氧分压PaO2 >6 0mmHg ,PaCO2 <40～ 5 0mmHg)。结论　 1.胸外心脏按压在高频率 12 0～ 140次 /min ,可获得较高心排量 ,进而得到好的氧载。 2 .本组临床所获的氧载仍低于生理危险线 ,氧耗与氧载未脱依赖关系。 3.依据急诊心搏骤停病人肺部并发症疾患少的特     

危重病患者并发弥散性血管内凝血的诊治

目的探讨危重病患者并发弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)的最早临床线索及有效治疗措施。方法对本科2002年1月至2004年12月危重病患者并发DIC的最早临床线索及治疗措施进行回顾性分析和总结。结果本组26例,治愈11例,死亡10例,自动出院5例。结论危重病患者DIC发生率高,死亡率高,ICU医生对DIC一定要保持高度警惕,及早发现线索,及时抓住线索,及时诊断,及时综合治疗,才能提高对危重病患者的抢救成功率。     

术后重症患者β细胞功能改变初探

目的 探讨术后重症患者β细胞功能改变及其与预后的关系.方法 32.例术后入ICU患者年龄16岁且无糖尿病病史,根据APACHE Ⅱ评分是否10分,分为对照组和重症组.测定术前当日及术后第1天清晨空腹胰岛素(FINS)、空腹C肽(FCP)并计算HOMA-β细胞功能指数.结果 重症组术后第1天FINS、FCP、HOMA-β细胞功能指数与术前当日比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);术后第1天FINS、空腹C肽、HOMA-β细胞功能指数与APACHE Ⅱ评分、APACHEⅢ评分和住ICU天数高度负相关.结论 术后重症患者可能存在胰岛β细胞功能不全.     

Hypophosphatemia in critically ill patients

Purpose

The aim of this study was to assess the association of phosphate concentration with key clinical outcomes in a heterogeneous cohort of critically ill patients.

Materials and Methods

This was a retrospective observational study at a general intensive care unit (ICU) of an Australian university teaching hospital enrolling 2730 adult critically ill patients.

Results

We studied 10?504 phosphate measurements with a mean value of 1.17 mmol/L (measurements every 28.8 hours on average). Hyperphosphatemia (inorganic phosphate [iP] concentration > 1.4 mmol/L) occurred in 45% and hypophosphatemia (iP ≤ 0.6 mmol/L) in 20%. Among patients without any episodes of hyperphosphatemia, patients with at least 1 episode of hypophosphatemia had a higher ICU mortality than those without hypophosphatemia (P = .004). In addition, ICU nonsurvivors had lower minimum phosphate concentrations than did survivors (P = .009). Similar results were seen for hospital mortality. However, on multivariable logistic regression analysis, hypophosphatemia was not independently associated with ICU mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 0.86 [95% confidence interval, 0.66-1.10]; P = .24) and hospital mortality (odds ratio, 0.89 [0.73-1.07]; P = .21). Even when different cutoff points were used for hypophosphatemia (iP ≤ 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, or 0.2 mmol/L), hypophosphatemia was not an independent risk factor for ICU and hospital morality. In addition, timing of onset and duration of hypophosphatemia were not independent risk factor for ICU and hospital mortality.

Conclusions

Hypophosphatemia behaves like a general marker of illness severity and not as an independent predictor of ICU or in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients.     

膈肌超声在危重症中的临床应用

膈肌是人体最重要的呼吸肌,而脓毒症、机械通气、营养不良等因素可导致膈肌功能障碍。超声因具有安全、无创、可重复性强等优点,近几年已被广泛应用于危重症患者的诊断及治疗。膈肌超声通过对膈肌结构和功能的评估,起到预测机械通气患者撤机结果、鉴别膈肌萎缩和膈肌麻痹、判断慢性阻塞性肺病严重程度以及评估人机同步性等多种作用,可用于临床危重患者膈肌功能障碍的诊断及治疗效果评估。     

Hyperglycaemia and mortality in critically ill patients

Objective To describe hyperglycaemia as a possible marker of morbidity and mortality in critically ill medical and surgical patients admitted to a multidisciplinary ICU.Design Prospective cohort study.Setting A 13-bed non-cardiac multidisciplinary ICU in a university hospital.Patients and participants Adult patients consecutively admitted to the ICU in a 6-month period. Patients with fewer than 2 days stay in the ICU and patients with known diabetes were excluded.Measurements and results At admission a registration form was filled in including demographic data, first and second day APACHE II scores, infections and daily maximum blood glucose level. In surgical patients, high maximum blood glucose level during the stay in ICU was correlated with increased mortality, morbidity and frequency of infection. In medical patients, we found a non-significant trend towards a correlation between hyperglycaemia and morbidity and mortality, respectively.Conclusions High blood glucose level during the stay in ICU was a marker of increased morbidity and mortality in critically ill surgical patients. In medical patients the same trend was found, but non-significant. The population of patients in the present study are heterogeneous and the results from surgical critically ill patients should not be generalised to medical patients.     

Cardiovascular considerations in critically ill obese patients

With a growing obese population, preventative and therapeutic strategies need to be developed to combat the complex cardiac pathophysiology related to obesity. This is paramount in the management of critically ill obese patients. This article highlights these strategies.     

Metoclopramide improves gastric motility in critically ill patients

Objective: To assess the effect of metoclopramide on gastric motility in critically ill patients. Design: Prospective, controlled, single-blind cross-over trial. Setting: A 10-bed general intensive care unit. Patients: Ten critically ill, enterally fed adult patients without renal failure. Interventions: Each patient received enteral feeding with Enrich via a nasogastric tube at 50 ml/h throughout the 5-h study period on two consecutive days. Either normal saline (control) or 10 mg of metoclopramide (treatment) was administered intravenously at the start of the study period in random order with cross-over design. Measurements and results: Gastric motility was measured indirectly by analysis of the absorption over time of 1.5 g of paracetamol administered into the stomach at the start of the study period together with a 100 ml bolus of Enrich feed. The rate of gastric emptying is proportional to the area under the line plot of serum paracetamol concentration against time over 120 min (AUC120). Eight of the ten patients studied showed an increased AUC120 with metoclopramide compared to that with saline. Statistical analysis with the Wilcoxon signed rank test gave a p value of 0.04, indicating a significant increase in gastric emptying following administration of metoclopramide. Conclusions: The administration of intravenous metoclopramide improved gastric emptying in a heterogeneous group of critically ill patients. Metoclopramide is a useful prokinetic drug in this patient population. Final revision received: 18 January 1999 Accepted: 2 March 1999