出生体重与儿童期超重肥胖的关系

【目的】 探讨出生体重与儿童期超重肥胖的关系,为预防和减少儿童肥胖的发生提供科学依据。 【方法】 采用历史性队列研究方法,随机抽取无锡地区1 435对巨大儿和正常出生体重儿作为研究对象,通过问卷调查和体格检查随访收集所有研究对象与肥胖相关的资料,分析出生体重与儿童期超重肥胖的关系。 【结果】 巨大儿中超重和肥胖检出率分别为13.10%和2.86%,正常儿中超重和肥胖检出率分别为9.69%和1.61%;巨大儿超重和肥胖检出率高于正常儿(P <0.01);巨大儿与正常儿相比,发生超重和肥胖的RR值分别为1.35和1.78,AR值分别为3.41%和1.26%。经趋势χ²检验发现,随着出生体重的增加,超重和肥胖率均增加(P<0.01),发生超重和肥胖的RR值和AR值也随之增加;经多元线性回归分析表明,出生体重、性别、父亲和母亲的BMI以及喜欢吃油炸食品可能为儿童期BMI的影响因素。 【结论】 出生体重与儿童期肥胖有关,预防肥胖应从胎儿期开始。     

出生体重与儿童期肥胖关联性的系统评价

目的 分析出生体重(BW)与儿童肥胖的关联性,为儿童肥胖预防提供依据。方法 通过数据库(PubMed,Elsevier和中国知网)检索BW与儿童肥胖发病相关的文献,用Meta分析方法评价BW与儿童肥胖发生风险的剂量反应关系。结果 本研究纳入32篇研究,共包括548 348名研究对象。与BW参照组(2 500~4 000 g)相比,高出生体重(≥4 000 g)是儿童肥胖的危险因素(OR＝1.77, 95%CI:1.66~1.89)。剂量反应Meta分析结果显示:随着BW的增加,儿童肥胖的发生风险也逐渐增加,且BW每增加100 g,儿童肥胖的发生风险大约增加1.1%。当BW达到3 575 g时,与儿童发生肥胖风险的剂量反应关系有统计学意义(P=0.046,OR＝1.08,95%CI:1.00~1.17)。且当BW＞3 575 g时,儿童肥胖的发生风险明显增加。结论 BW与儿童肥胖发生风险存在明显的J型剂量反应关系,且当儿童BW超过3 575 g时,儿童肥胖的风险明显增加。     

北京市东城区儿童出生体重与肥胖的相关性

探讨儿童出生体重与肥胖之间的关联,为确定儿童肥胖的高危人群及制定相应防控措施提供依据.方法 采用整群抽样方法,对北京市东城区12所小学7~11岁1 574名儿童进行体格检查,测量身高、体重并计算体质量指数.通过问卷调查收集儿童出生体重、视屏行为时间、运动及饮食情况等信息.采用Logistic回归控制肥胖的其他混杂因素后,分析儿童出生体重与肥胖的关联.结果 正常出生体重组、低出生体重组和巨大儿组儿童的超重肥胖率分别为31.99%,27.03%和46.33%,肥胖率分别为17.43%,21.62%和28.81%,组间差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为15.17,13.50,P值均<0.01).Logistic回归分析显示,在控制了儿童年龄、年级、性别、中高等强度活动时间、饮食评分、视屏行为时间、母乳喂养、母亲文化程度以及父母肥胖因素后,巨大儿组儿童肥胖发生风险是正常出生体重组的1.76倍(95%CI=1.17~2.67);而低出生体重组儿童肥胖发生风险与正常出生体重组差异无统计学意义(OR=1.45,95%CI=0.56~ 3.75).结论 高出生体重是儿童期肥胖的独立危险因素之一.预防儿童肥胖,除关注儿童饮食、行为习惯、遗传等因素外,还应关注儿童生命早期营养状态.     

高出生体重与儿童期超重肥胖及代谢异常的关系

目的探讨高出生体重与儿童期超重肥胖及代谢异常的关系,为增强高出生体重儿成人期的健康水平提供参考依据。方法采用历史性队列研究的流行病学方法,随机抽取无锡地区1993-1995年出生的1 435对巨大儿和正常出生体重儿作为研究对象,每个巨大儿按出生日期±2个月及性别一致的原则匹配一个对照。测量身高、体重和血压,并从中抽取300名儿童采血,检测相关生化指标。结果巨大儿组超重与肥胖检出率(13.10%,2.86%)均高于对照组(9.69%,1.61%)(P<0.01);巨大儿组与对照组相比,发生超重和肥胖的RR值分别为1.35和1.78,AR值分别为3.41%和1.26%;两组儿童的收缩压、舒张压及偏高血压检出率的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);两组之间各生化指标、胰岛素和C肽异常的检出率及胰岛素抵抗差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论高出生体重与儿童期超重和肥胖有关,对高出生体重儿童未来生长情况的变化应给予持续关注。     

出生体重与儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病关联性的Meta分析

目的系统探讨儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphoblastic leukemia,ALL)与出生体重的关联性。方法计算机检索Medline、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library等英文数据库收集相关文献,检索时间截止到2014年。检索关键词为:"acute lymphoblastic leukemia"、"childhood"、"birth weight",对纳入文献提取相关资料并进行质量评价。通过STATA12.0软件对提取的数据进行meta分析,计算比值比OR及95%置信区间,并进行异质性、敏感性和发表偏倚的统计分析。结果本次研究共纳入文献16篇,包括16 934例病例和54 733例对照。Meta分析结果显示儿童ALL与出生体重之间存在关联性[≥2 500g vs2 500g:(OR=0.17,95%CI=1.07~1.28)、≥3 500g vs3 500g:(OR=1.12,95%CI=1.04~1.22)、≥4 000g vs4 000g:(OR=1.20,95%CI=1.12~1.27)、≥4 500g vs4 500g:(OR=1.27,95%CI=1.09~1.47)]。结论儿童ALL与出生体重存在关联性,较大的出生体重是儿童ALL的危险因素。     

Stability of the association between birth weight and childhood overweight during the development of the obesity epidemic

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether changes in the birth weight distribution or changes in the association of birth weight with the later risk of childhood overweight have contributed to the development of the obesity epidemic. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A Danish population-based cohort study of 124,615 girls and 128,346 boys (ages 6 to 13 years), born between 1936 and 1983, were studied. Birth weight and annual measurements of height and weight were obtained from school health records. Overweight was defined by BMI in relation to internationally accepted criteria. The relative risk of being overweight by birth weight was calculated separately for each age, sex, and time period. RESULTS: The birth weight distribution remained relatively stable over time. Compared with children with a birth weight of 3.0 to 3.5 kg, the risk of overweight increased consistently with each increase in birth weight category among girls and boys and at all ages between 6 and 13 years. Furthermore, the association between birth weight and increased risk of overweight in childhood remained stable across a 48-year period. DISCUSSION: The increase in the prevalence of overweight could not be explained by time trends in the distribution of birth weight or by changes in the association between birth weight and the later risk of overweight over time. This implies that, unless the prenatal environment influences the later risk of overweight without increasing birth weight, the environmental influences contributing to the obesity epidemic in children of school age operate in the early postnatal period.     

出生体重与儿童单纯性肥胖关系

目的探讨出生体重与儿童单纯性肥胖的关系,为预防和减少儿童单纯性肥胖提供科学依据。方法采用1:1匹配的病例对照研究方法,对筛查出的肥胖儿童和匹配的正常儿童进行现场问卷调查,对出生体重与儿童单纯性肥胖关系进行分析。结果配对χ²检验结果表明,高出生体重儿肥胖发生的危险是正常出生体重儿的2.29倍(P<0.01);低出生体重儿肥胖发生的危险是正常出生体重儿的2.00倍(P>0.05)。曲线拟合分析结果表明,儿童体质指数(BMI)与出生体重之间呈现“U”形分布(P<0.05)。结论高出生体重与低出生体重均为儿童单纯性肥胖发生的危险因素。     

儿童肥胖对高血压发病率影响的随访研究

目的 探讨儿童肥胖状态及肥胖状态的改变对其高血压发病率的影响.方法 采取前瞻队列研究的方法,抽取2004年北京市儿童青少年代谢综合征队列人群中2189名6～16岁血压正常儿童,于2010年12月对其随访,进行身高、腰围(WC)、体重和血压的测量.分别以体质指数(BMI)和WC作为评价超重、肥胖、腹型肥胖的指标.以不同肥胖状态组设置哑变量,以随访时点是否高血压作为结局变量,进行非条件logistic回归分析,分析基线肥胖状态及肥胖状态的改变与高血压发病率之间的关系,并计算相应的OR值及95%CI值.结果 共完成了1184名在校学生的随访,6年间高血压累积发病率为19.9%(236/1184).男性高血压发病率(23.2%,149/643)高于女性(16.1%,87/541) (χ2=9.257,P=0.002).基线非超重组、超重组、肥胖组随访期间高血压累积发病率分别为8.7%(45/519)、19.3%(35/181)、32.4%(156/484)(χ2=9.332,P<0.001),基线非肥胖组与腹型肥胖组随访期间高血压累积发病率分别为10.3%(63/613)、30.7%(173/567) (χ2=77.753,P<0.001).基线肥胖组的高血压发病危险高于基线非超重组(BMI:OR=4.9,95%CI:3.4～7.0)和基线非肥胖组(WC:OR=3.9,95%CI:2.8～5.3);基线时BMI、WC水平相同时,随访时BMI、WC水平增加,高血压发病危险增加.控制年龄、性别,基线BMI和WC每增加1 kg/m2和1 cm,高血压发病风险分别增加0.21和0.07倍,OR(95%CI)值分别为1.21(1.16～1.26)和1.07(1.05～1.09);随访时BMI和WC改变量每增加1 kg/m2和1 cm,高血压发病风险分别增加0.16和0.05倍,OR(95%CI)值分别为1.16(1.11～1.22) 和1.05(1.03～1.07).结论 儿童肥胖及肥胖水平升高的改变会增加其高血压发病风险.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the impact of obesity level and the level change in childhood on hypertension incidence.Methods A perspective cohort study was conducted.As part of Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome Study,2189 aged 6-16 year non-hypertensive children was followed up in December,2010.In this study,height,weight,waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure was measured at follow-up,and body mass index (BMI) and WC was respectively used to assess overweight,obesity and abdominal obesity.Non-conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between baseline obesity status, change of obesity status and hypertension incidence. OR and 95%CI were computed in the model using obese status as dummy variable and hypertension at follow up visit as dependent variable.Results The total hypertension incidence of 1184 subjects during 6 years follow-up was 19.9%(236/1184).The hypertension incidence in male (23.2%,149/643) was higher than that in female (16.1%,87/541) (χ2=9.257,P=0.002).The hypertension incidence of non-overweight,overweight and obese children at baseline was 8.7%(45/519),19.3%(35/181) and 32.4%(156/484)respectively (χ2=9.332,P<0.001),and the incidence of non-obese and abdominal obese children at baseline was respectively 10.3%(63/613) and 30.7%(173/567) (χ2=77.753,P<0.001).Hypertension incidence in the baseline obesity group was higher than the non-overweight (BMI:OR=4.9,95%CI:3.4-7.0) and non-obese group (WC:OR=3.9,95%CI: 2.8-5.3).The hypertension incidence increased with the follow-up BMI/WC level,based on the same baseline level of BMI and WC.The hypertension risk increased to 0.21 and 0.07 times respectively with elevation of baseline BMI level by 1 kg/m2 and WC level by 1 cm,and OR(95%CI) were 1.21(1.16-1.26) and 1.07(1.05-1.09),respectively.Similarly,the hypertension risk increased 0.16 and 0.05 times respectively with the elevation of BMI level change by 1 kg/m2 and 1 cm,and OR (95%CI) were 1.16(1.11-1.22) and 1.05(1.03-1.07),respectively.Conclusion Obesity and increased obesity level change in childhood can increase the risk of incident hypertension.     

Association between violence during pregnancy and preterm birth and low birth weight in Colombia: Analysis of the demographic and health survey

Abstract

To explore the association between low birth weight and preterm birth with violence during pregnancy, we conducted a cross-sectional study by using the 2010 Colombian Demographic and Health Survey. We conducted bivariate analyses, binomial logistic regression, and stratified models by age, and 14,520 women were included. There was no association between violence and low birth weight. Nonetheless, an association with preterm birth in women aged over 35 was observed (OR 1.98, 95%CI 1.23, 3.17). Prenatal care appeared to be a protective factor for both outcomes. This research unexpectedly showed that supplementation with folic acid and iron was associated with preterm birth.     

中国儿童单纯性肥胖与出生体重关系的Meta分析

目的系统评价我国儿童单纯性肥胖与出生体重的相关性,为控制和预防儿童单纯性肥胖提供理论依据。方法计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、Web of science、CNKI、CBM、VIP和WanFang Data,收集关于中国儿童单纯性肥胖与出生体重关系的病例-对照研究,检索时限2000年1月-2014年11月。采用RevMan5.1软件进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入18个研究,共17 442例研究对象。Meta分析结果显示:与正常体重组相比,高出生体重儿童发生单纯性肥胖的危险性较高,差异有统计学意义[OR=2.09,95%CI:1.90~2.30,P0.000 01];儿童单纯性肥胖在低出生体重方面差异无统计学意义[OR=0.92,95%CI:0.41~2.06,P=0.84]。结论高出生体重是儿童单纯性肥胖的危险因素;低出生体重与儿童单纯性肥胖无关联。     

Association between low-molecular weight apolipoprotein(a) isoforms and obesity in Italian women

OBJECTIVE: Low-molecular weight (MW) apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] isoforms are closely associated with an increased incidence of atherothrombotic disease, prevalence of which is higher in obese individuals, particularly in women. The hypothesis of this study was to assess whether there are differences in the distribution of apo(a) phenotypes between obese patients and healthy controls. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: One hundred three obese Italian women (BMI > or = 30.0 kg/m2) were enrolled in the study, and apo(a) phenotyping was performed in all subjects. The prevalence of low-MW apo(a) isoforms, detected in plasma samples of our obese women, was compared with that found in a control group of 84 normal-weight, never-obese (BMI < 25.0 kg/m(2)), age-matched women. RESULTS: The distribution of apo(a) isoforms in the population of obese women was significantly different from that found in normal-weight female subjects. In particular, the percentage of subjects in the obese group with at least one apo(a) isoform of low MW was significantly higher than that in the control group (51.4% vs. 32.1%, p = 0.0079). DISCUSSION: Our results seem to suggest the possibility that small-sized apo(a) isoforms may be used together with other traditional risk factors to better assess the overall predisposition to atherothrombotic disease in obese women.     

Association between air pollution and low birth weight: a community-based study.

The relationship between maternal exposure to air pollution during periods of pregnancy (entire and specific periods) and birth weight was investigated in a well-defined cohort. Between 1988 and 1991, all pregnant women living in four residential areas of Beijing were registered and followed from early pregnancy until delivery. Information on individual mothers and infants was collected. Daily air pollution data were obtained independently. The sample for analysis included 74,671 first-parity live births were gestational age 37-44 weeks. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were used to estimate the effects of air pollution on birth weight and low birth weight (< 2,500 g), adjusting for gestational age, residence, year of birth, maternal age, and infant gender. There was a significant exposure-response relationship between maternal exposures to sulfur dioxide (SO2) and total suspended particles (TSP) during the third trimester of pregnancy and infant birth weight. The adjusted odds ratio for low birth weight was 1.11 (95% CI, 1.06-1.16) for each 100 micrograms/m3 increase in SO2 and 1.10 (95% CI, 1.05-1.14) for each 100 micrograms/m3 increase in TSP. The estimated reduction in birth weight was 7.3 g and 6.9 g for each 100 micrograms/m3 increase in SO2 and in TSP, respectively. The birth weight distribution of the high-exposure group was more skewed toward the left tail (i.e., with higher proportion of births < 2,500 g) than that of the low-exposure group. Although the effects of other unmeasured risk factors cannot be excluded with certainty, our data suggests that TSP and SO2, or a more complex pollution mixture associated with these pollutants, contribute to an excess risk of low birth weight in the Beijing population.     

低出生体重儿追赶性生长跨度与儿童期超重肥胖的相关性研究

目的 分析低出生体重儿生长早期体重指数(BMI)增幅跨度与儿童期生长水平及发生超重肥胖的关联度,为指导低出生体重儿适度追赶生长提供科学依据。方法 回顾性收集温州市2011年10月-2012年9月期间出生的儿童,将其分为低出生体重组和正常出生体重组进行研究。采集两组儿童满月、1周岁及5周岁时的体重、身长,并分别计算BMI。根据WHO《学龄前儿童生长发育标准》BMI界值点划分BMI分布区间,获取满月至1周岁BMI增幅跨度。分析不同BMI增幅跨度其5周岁时生长水平及超重肥胖发生概率。结果 低出生体重组BMI增幅在3个及以上跨度的较正常出生体重组高出近1/4;低出生体重组BMI增幅0个跨度与1~2个跨度之间超重肥胖发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),正常体重组各增幅跨度之间差异均存在统计学意义(P均<0.05);低出生体重儿BMI增幅与生长水平表现出一定的关联性,满月至周岁BMI处于同一区间的其5周岁体重、身高及BMI均未能达到WHO参考中位数,当BMI增幅达到5个及以上跨度时,体重和BMI高出WHO参考中位数,且差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 大多数低出生体重儿较正常出生体重儿生长关键期BMI增幅跨度更大,BMI增幅跨度在1~2个区间的对今后生长及超重肥胖的控制较为有利。     

Racial residential segregation and low birth weight in Michigan's metropolitan areas

Objectives. We examined the influence of racial residential segregation, independent of neighborhood economic factors, on the overall and specific etiological risks of low birth weight.Methods. We geocoded all singleton births in Michigan metropolitan areas during 2000 to census tracts. We used hierarchical generalized linear models to investigate the association between low birth weight (< 2500 g) and neighborhood-level economic and racial segregation, controlling for individual and neighborhood characteristics. We analyzed competing risks of the 2 etiologies of low birth weight: intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth.Results. Living in a Black segregated area was associated with increased odds (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 1.29; P < .05) of low birth weight after adjusting for individual- and tract-level measures. The analysis suggested that the association between low birth weight and racial segregation was attributable primarily to increased risk of intrauterine growth restriction (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.37; P < .05).Conclusions. Odds of low birth weight are higher in racially segregated Black neighborhoods in Michigan''s metropolitan areas, independent of economic factors. The association appears to operate through intrauterine growth restriction rather than preterm birth.As the leading cause of death among non-Hispanic Black infants and second-leading cause of death among non-Hispanic White infants, complications related to short gestation and low birth weight represent a significant clinical and public health issue.^1–3 Low birth weight also leads to long-term health consequences through increased rates of childhood and adult chronic diseases.^3–6 Racial disparities in rates of low birth weight have persisted even as total infant mortality has declined and prenatal care utilization among women of color has increased.^1–3 Because differences in individual-level risk factors cannot completely explain the differences in outcomes for White and Black mothers,^3,7 researchers have begun investigating contextual influences on racial disparities in birth outcomes.^3,8Racial segregation is a contextual factor that might contribute to racial disparities in low birth weight by isolating Blacks from the resources and opportunities found more frequently in White communities.^9–13 Residents in Black segregated neighborhoods accumulate less home equity,^14,15 have decreased access to quality primary education,¹⁶ and are exposed to greater residential and economic instability than are residents of nonsegregated communities.⁹ The accumulation of disadvantages in racially isolated neighborhoods could lead to negative birth outcomes for women by limiting opportunities associated with improved health (e.g., educational opportunities or access to quality medical care) and by exposing them to increased stress from neighborhood-level factors.Evidence from a small number of studies suggests that low birth weight is associated with racial residential segregation.^17–24 With few exceptions,^17,25,26 studies link metropolitan-level segregation or the percentage of Black residents in a community to low birth weight. However, because isolation is inherently spatial, to understand how the racial isolation of an individual mother''s neighborhood affects her pregnancy outcomes, isolation is most appropriately measured by considering her neighborhood along with its immediate surroundings (e.g., bordering neighborhoods) rather than by the metropolitan area or a single neighborhood.¹⁷Some authors have argued that racial segregation simply serves as a proxy for economic segregation.^27,28 By contrast, we posit that racial segregation is a distinct form of neighborhood-level disadvantage that presents an increased risk for low birth weight beyond that caused by economic segregation. Sociologists have shown that, even in the presence of economic segregation, the circumstances of racially segregated Black neighborhoods differ from those of White neighborhoods at similar socioeconomic levels.^29–32 This means that although residents of Black middle-class neighborhoods may live in residential areas that are separate from poor Black neighborhoods, they have greater exposure than do middle-class Whites to negative contextual factors and have fewer resources in their vicinity. This also suggests that any attempt to distinguish between the effects of racial and economic segregation on low birth weight requires that economic segregation also be measured spatially, taking a mother''s neighborhood and its immediate surroundings into account.It is also important to consider that the drivers of low birth weight—preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction—have distinct physiological mechanisms.^33–35 Assessing the degree to which racial isolation is associated with each can provide important insight into the etiological mechanisms relating racial segregation to low birth weight. Spontaneous preterm birth is commonly precipitated by an infection,^36–40 which could be associated with racial segregation if, for instance, racial segregation reduces access to quality care.²⁵ Intrauterine growth restriction, on the other hand, typically stems from a chronic deficiency in oxygen and nutrient delivery to the fetus.^41–46 Chronic stress associated with the circumstances of racially isolated neighborhoods might affect placental vasculature function, creating an oxygen–nutrient insufficiency that leads to intrauterine growth restriction.⁴⁷ We know of no research that has considered the competing risks of growth restriction and preterm birth in the relationship of neighborhood environments with low birth weight.We examined births to mothers living in Michigan metropolitan areas to ascertain whether neighborhood racial segregation was associated with low birth weight independent of economic factors. We explicitly captured the spatial nature of both racial and economic segregation through a localized segregation index. We also analyzed the degree to which racial segregation was associated with different etiologies of low birth weight.     

Association between birth weight and serum lipid concentration in premenopausal Japanese women

BACKGROUND: The relationships between birth weight and serum lipid concentrations in pre-menopausal Japanese women were not well identified and also diet and serum hormone status in these women would be considered. METHODS: A total of 59 premenopausal Japanese women completed a self-administered questionnaire including basic demographic information, disease histories, and menstrual and reproductive histories. They were asked to obtain information on birth weight recorded in mother-and-baby notebook issued by municipality from their mother. Diet was assessed by daily diet records from day 2 through day 10 of the menstrual cycle. Blood sample was collected on day 11 of the cycle to measure serum lipid and hormone concentrations (total and high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterols, triglyceride, estrone, estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin). RESULTS: Birth weight was significantly correlated with HDL cholesterol (r = 0.32, p = 0.03), but not with total cholesterol and triglyceride after controlling for age. Neither estrogen nor sex hormone-binding globulin was significantly correlated with serum lipid concentrations after controlling for age and the number of days prior to the next menses. The correlation between birth weight and HDL cholesterol was not affected after additional adjustment for serum estrogen and intakes of protein, calcium, and iron. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that intrauterine growth may be associated with lipid profile.     

黑色素皮质激素第四受体基因rs17782313与儿童肥胖相关性的Meta分析

目的应用Meta分析系统评价黑色素皮质激素第四受体基因(melanocortin-4receptor gene,MC4R)rs17782313与儿童肥胖易感性的关系,以得到更有说服力的结论。方法利用计算机检索数据库PubMed,中国知网、万方等,手工检索纳入文献的参考文献。采用STATA 11.0软件进行Meta分析。利用随机效应模型或固定效应模型计算其合并比值比(OR)和95%可信区间(95%CI),以及合并加权均数差(WMD)的值。结果共有12个研究纳入研究,其中在纯合子模型(OR=1.84,95%CI:1.44~2.36,Phet=0.001)、杂合子模型(OR=1.48,95%CI:1.29~1.70,Phet=0.756)、显性模型(OR=1.67,95%CI:1.39~1.99,Phet=0.082)和隐性模型(OR=1.35,95%CI:1.19~1.55,Phet=0.000),差异均有统计学意义。在基因型与体质指数(body mass index,BMI)Z-score定量关联性分析中,发现rs17782313TC的突变会影响儿童的BMI Z-score(WMD=0.14,95%CI:0.06~0.23,CC vs TT)。结论Meta分析研究结果证实了MC4R rs17782313与儿童肥胖的关系。     

Association between maternal work activity on birth weight and gestational age

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of maternal employment on birth weight and gestational age.MethodsIn this project, 1 272 pregnant women were recruited from whom referred to Tehran hospitals during 1 year via randomized sampling. Data were gathered through history taking and medical records. In this study, 564 employed women were classified as exposure group and 708 housekeepers were as the control group. Chi square test, t-test, One-way ANOVA and logistic regression were used to analyze data.ResultsIn this study, mean mother age was 25.01 years and mean birth weight was (2 884±684) g. The mean birth weight in housekeepers was significantly higher (2 991±457 g) than employees (2 726±476 g) (P=0.002). The infants' mean birth weights in farmer were the lowest and in office workers (2 831±526 g) was the highest (P<0.01). Gestational age less than 37 weeks was more common among employees. The mean birth weight decreased when the working hours increased (P<0.01). In those mothers who were working less than 3 months there were a higher mean birth weight (P<0.01). Also the mean birth weight decreased due to the hours of standing during a day.ConclusionWomen employment during pregnancy has an important role in low birth weight and preterm labor compared to those who do not work.     

孕期增重与早产关联的流行病学分析

目的 探讨武汉市孕妇孕期体重变化对早产的影响。方法 选择2012-2014年就诊于武汉市定点妇女儿童保健医院的孕产妇为研究对象,采用回顾性流行病学分析,通过问卷调查、孕妇保健手册以及病历记录收集资料,采用logistic回归和限制性立方样条法分析孕期增重与早产之间的关系。结果 共调查11 323名孕妇,有效问卷11 020人（97.32%）。限制性立方样条模型显示,控制混杂因素后,孕期增重与早产的关联强度呈“U”形非线性剂量反应关系（非线性检验P<0.001）。logistic回归分析显示,与孕期增重适宜（孕期增重P₁₀～P₉₀）相比,孕期增重不足（孕期增重<P₁₀）、增重过多（孕期增重>P₉₀）均是早产的独立危险因素,其OR值（95%CI）分别为1.59（1.25～2.01）和1.46（1.13～1.88）。结论 孕期增重不足或增重过多增加早产发生的危险性,应重视孕期体重监测,降低早产的发生风险。