氩激光对视网膜脱离的预防和治疗作用

视网膜裂孔是裂孔源性视网膜脱离的主要原因，我院自１９９６年以来，对３６１例裂孔源性视网膜脱离患者的对侧眼有视网膜裂孔或伴有视网膜浅脱离的８５眼进行氩激光光凝治疗，报告如下。１　资料与方法１．１　对象　对我院门诊及住院的３６１例１眼患有裂孔源性视网膜脱离患者的对侧眼进行间接眼底镜和三面镜检查，并随访３～３０个月（平均１８个月），发现８５眼有周边视网膜裂孔，单一裂孔６１眼，≥２孔２４眼，其中１３眼裂孔周围的视网膜浅脱离，右眼５９，左眼２６，共查出裂孔１２１个，其中马蹄形裂孔２３个，余均为圆形破孔，最…     

玻璃体切割术后视网膜脱离分析

目的 探讨玻璃体切割术后视网膜脱离的原因、特点、治疗方法。方法 回顾分析我科近年发生的１６例玻璃体切割术后视网膜脱离的特征及治疗过程。结果 发生率为６％,其中增生性糖尿病视网膜病变４例,非糖尿病性玻璃体混浊１２例,７５％于术后１周内出现视网膜脱离,６９％由医源性裂孔引起。二次手术治疗包括玻璃体切割、经巩膜视网膜冷冻、巩膜扣带、长效气体及硅油充填术。最终８１％视网膜复位、视力提高。结论 玻璃体切割术中应从各个环节防止视网膜的损伤,术后视网膜脱离经二次手术多数可以复位。     

高度近视眼白内障术后并发视网膜脱离的临床分析

目的：分析高度近视眼行白内障摘除及后房型人工晶状体植入术后并发裂孔源性视网膜脱离的发生率、相关危险因素及临床特点。方法：回顾性分析高度近视眼行白内障摘除及后房型人工晶状体植入术患者146例（232只眼）。裂孔源性视网膜脱离在术后随访的3年时间发生。所有眼均进行了详细的眼科检查，包括：最佳矫正视力、眼底检查、A超眼轴长度测量。结果：15只眼发生裂孔源性视网膜脱离（6．4％），均需行玻璃体视网膜手术进行视网膜复位。从白内障手术到发生视网膜脱离的平均时间为10±9个月（0．5～32个月）。视网膜脱离经手术治疗后视力为手动／10cm～0．06，12只眼（80％）最终视力低于白内障术前。术中后囊膜破裂与术后视网膜脱离的发生显著相关（P〈0．01），60％（9／15）的视网膜脱离患者术中发生了后囊膜破裂。结论：高度近视眼白内障术后并发裂孔源性视网膜脱离的发生率为6．4％，其预后差。术中发生后囊膜破裂患者术后发生视网膜脱离的危险性更高，对术中后囊膜破裂患者需密切随访。     

简单孔源性视网膜脱离外路手术后视网膜再脱离原因分析

目的:分析简单孔源性视网膜脱离外路显微手术后视网膜再脱离的主要原因,根据这些原因采取有效的预防措施,提高手术的成功率。方法:对15例15眼简单孔源性视网膜脱离外路显微手术后视网膜再脱离的患者进行分析,查找视网膜再脱离的主要原因。所有视网膜再脱离患者增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)≤B级。结果:术后随访1a,简单孔源性视网膜脱离外路显微手术后视网膜再脱离15例15眼患者中,出现新裂孔7眼(46.7%);原裂孔未能封闭4眼(26.7%);遗漏裂孔2眼(13.3%);脉络膜脱落1眼(6.7%);PVR1眼(6.7%)。结论:简单孔源性视网膜脱离外路显微手术后视网膜再脱离的主要原因为:出现新裂孔、原裂孔未能封闭、遗漏裂孔。     

显微镜下行巩膜外垫压治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效观察

目的通过观察显微镜下行巩膜外垫压术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的效果,评价该方法的有效性及优点。方法本研究收集孔源性视网膜脱离患者53例(53只眼),术前检查裂孔的位置及范围,在显微镜下行巩膜外垫压术,并收集孔源性视网膜脱离的术前及术后的临床资料,记录术中及术后并发症。结果本研究患者随访4~6个月。术后2周52只眼视网膜裂孔封闭,裂孔封闭率为98.1%;视网膜完全复位50只眼,复位率达94.3%;视网膜下积液3只眼,术后1个月后完全吸收。术后视力较术前显著提高;术后1个月、3个月视力显著高于术前,差异具有统计学意义。术后1个月,1例(1只眼)患者出现新的裂孔,造成视网膜脱离。结论显微镜下行巩膜外垫压术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的方法简单方便、并能精确定位裂孔,手术视野清晰,术后效果良好。     

现代视网膜玻璃体手术治疗视网膜脱离

采用现代常规视网膜脱离手术，部分病例配合现代玻璃体手术，治疗各种网脱４０例４０眼，其中较特殊和复杂的网脱有：黄斑裂孔笥网脱３例，黄斑裂孔伴明显机化牵引性网脱 ，黄斑裂孔伴周边裂孔１例，后极部裂孔１例，据齿缘离断性网脱２例，陈旧网脱继发周边视网膜巨大囊肿３例，伴有白内障网脱２例，人工晶体入术后发障玻璃体浊济南市多脱１例，复发性网脱２例，伴有玻璃体积血网脱４例，玻璃体积血伴牵引性网脱２例，眼球穿孔伤后     

视网膜脱离术后复杂性裂孔的光凝治疗

目的 探讨激光进一步应用于视网膜脱离术后一些复杂裂孔的光凝治疗。方法 对４３例４３眼视网膜脱离术后特殊复杂性裂孔行光凝治疗。结果 ３４眼（７９．１％）裂孔封闭,脱离视网膜复位。结论 在视网膜脱离的治疗中,进一步地应用激光光凝,能提高视网膜脱离复位手术的成功率。     

老年视网膜脱离临床研究

目的　探讨老年视网膜脱离的易患因素及临床特点。方法　对４２例６５ａ以上的视网膜脱离患者进行眼底镜、三面镜等检查,记录其屈光状态、玻璃体后脱离、视网膜裂孔特点,并和网脱总体人群比较。结果　４２ 只眼中高度近视占７３．８％ ,存在玻璃体后脱离者占７６．２％ ,马蹄形裂孔与黄斑裂孔各占裂孔总数的６０．３％ 和２４．１％ ．结论　高度近视及玻璃体后脱离是导致老年视网膜脱离的主要原因;老年视网膜脱离中马蹄孔及黄斑孔所占比例较高。     

视网膜脱离注气术后导致新的视网膜脱离

视网膜脱离注气术是在冷冻或光凝视网膜裂孔时,向玻璃体内注入气体来填压视网膜裂孔。在作者研究的13例中,术后有2例在原先未脱离的象限又发生了新的裂孔和视网膜脱离。 13例均为单一裂孔,裂孔都不大于1个钟     

外伤性睫状上皮撕裂并发视网膜脱离六例

睫状上皮撕裂并发的视网膜脱离是视网膜脱离中的少见类型,以外伤多见,由于裂孔部位隐匿,且部分病例合并眼部复杂体征,术前诊断困难,常常因裂孔不明确易被误诊为非孔源性视网膜脱离而贻误治疗时机。本文回顾性分析了6例（6眼）外伤性睫状上皮撕裂并发视网膜脱离患者的临床资料,探讨其特征及治疗效果。     

Traumatic retinal detachment.

Seventy-seven patients developed retinal breaks following an episode of ocular contusion, and 65 (84.4%) of these developed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Surgical treatment successfully restored or maintained retinal apposition in 74 (96.1%) of the eyes. Thirty-six (46.8%) eyes recovered visual acuity of 6/9 or better. Of the retinal breaks recognised dialysis at the ora serrata was observed in 49 eyes, of which 28 were situated at the lower temporal quadrant. Seventeen eyes had irregular breaks arising within necrotic retina at the site of scleral impact. Twenty-four (31.2%) patients had retinal break or retinal detachment diagnosed within 24 hours of injury and 49 (63.6%) within six weeks. Immediate retinal detachment was a feature of necrotic retinal breaks, while inferior oral dialyses led to a slow accumulation of subretinal fluid. Delayed diagnosis of retinal detachment was due either to opaque media or to failure to examine the retina after injury. Visual prognosis was good when retinal break or detachment were diagnosed within six weeks of injury. However, those patients who escaped initial retinal examination and were lost to follow-up had a less favourable visual outcome.     

眼球钝挫伤致视网膜脱离的临床观察

目的观察眼球钝挫伤所致视网膜脱离的临床特点及手术预后。方法对本院1999年1月～2002年1月收治的36例36只眼钝挫伤所致视网膜脱离患者的临床资料进行了回顾性分析。结果本组病例巨大裂孔(≥90°)3只眼(8.3％)，其中2只眼裂孔位于颞侧偏上方，1只眼仅有鼻下方视网膜相连；锯齿缘离断4只眼(11.1％)；黄斑裂孔4只眼(11．1％)；未发现裂孔的增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)视网膜脱离3只眼(8.3％)；其他部位的裂孔(<90°)22只眼(61．2％)，其中颞侧近周边部裂孔9只眼(25.O％)，鼻侧近周边部裂孔5只眼(14.O％)，近后极部裂孔8只眼(22.2％)。36只眼均有不同程度的 PVR，PVRC1以下14只眼(38.8％)，PVRC1或以上22只眼(61.2％)，其中c1～c3 11只眼(30.6％)， D1～D2 27只眼(19.5％)，D3者4只眼(11．1％)。从外伤到视网膜脱离的间隔时间最短为1 d，最长为22个月，以1～8周为常见(69.4％)。32只眼(88.8％)，手术后视网膜完全复位；手术前后视力经统计学处理，差异有显著性的意义(χ2=27.174，P相似文献   

Primary vitrectomy with perfluoro-n-octane use in the treatment of pseudophakic retinal detachment with undetected retinal breaks

PURPOSE: This report describes the results of a prospective trial to evaluate the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in conjunction with perfluoro-n-octane (PFO) as initial treatment of pseudophakic retinal detachment (RD) with no breaks diagnosed preoperatively. METHODS: Fourteen consecutive eyes presenting with pseudophakic RD in which retinal breaks could not be identified preoperatively underwent primary PPV, internal microsurgical identification of the retinal breaks with endoillumination and noncontact wide angle viewing system, PFO retinal reattachment, transscleral cryopexy or endolaser treatment of breaks, PFO-air exchange, and final injection of 20% sulfur hexafluoride. In five eyes, a scleral buckle was also used. Mean follow-up period was 18 months. RESULTS: In 13 of the 14 eyes in which no breaks had been identified preoperatively, breaks were diagnosed during surgery. Perfluoro-n-octane retinal attachment facilitated accurate microscopic treatment of retinal breaks. The retina was reattached with a single operation in all eyes. Eleven eyes had final visual acuity of 20/60 or better. Complications were minimal. CONCLUSIONS: Pars plana vitrectomy in conjunction with PFO expression of subretinal fluid is effective in the initial treatment of pseudophakic RD with no preoperative diagnosis of retinal breaks.     

Retinal detachment following extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.

Fourteen cases of primary retinal detachment after extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation were treated by scleral buckling surgery. Retinal reattachment was achieved in 100% of the cases. All eyes had a postoperative visual acuity of 6/30 or better; in six eyes the visual acuity was 6/12 or better. We attributed our high anatomical success rate to early detection of the retinal detachment, good visibility of the retinal breaks, lack of inflammatory reaction in the vitreous body, and preoperative absence of fixed retinal folds and preretinal membranes.     

Incidence of retinal detachment and visual outcome in eyes presenting with posterior vitreous separation and dense fundus-obscuring vitreous hemorrhage

PURPOSE: To determine visual outcomes and the incidence of retinal detachment in eyes presenting with posterior vitreous separation and dense fundus-obscuring vitreous hemorrhage. DESIGN: Retrospective consecutive noncomparative interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-six eyes (15 right eyes and 21 left eyes) of 34 patients (18 female and 16 male) ranging in age from 42 to 94 years. Mean follow-up was 14 months. METHODS: A comparison of the best-corrected initial visual acuities versus final visual acuities after spontaneous resolution of vitreous hemorrhage or surgical intervention. The number of eyes that were found to have retinal tears or that had a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment develop was documented. Logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution-converted visual acuities was used for comparison. Categorical data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, and population means were compared by Student's t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Final mean visual acuities, number of eyes with at least one retinal tear, location of retinal tears, number of eyes that had retinal detachment develop, and the number of eyes repaired with scleral buckling surgery and/or pars plana vitrectomy. RESULTS: Twenty-four of 36 eyes (67%) were found to have at least one retinal break (range, 0-4 breaks), with 88% of breaks located in the superior retina. Eleven eyes (31%) had more than one retinal break. Fourteen of 36 eyes (39%) had a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment develop that was repaired with pars plana vitrectomy and scleral buckling. An additional 14 eyes (39%) underwent vitrectomy for nonclearing vitreous hemorrhage. The incidence of retinal detachment in eyes with a history of retinal detachment in the contralateral eye was 75% (P = 0.04). Seven of 14 eyes (50%) with retinal detachment had coexisting proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Most retinal breaks and detachments occurred in emmetropic or myopic eyes. For all 36 eyes the mean preoperative visual acuity was 20/1233, and the mean final visual acuity was 20/62 (P < 0.0001). Eyes that had a macula-off retinal detachment develop had worse final visual outcomes (20/264; P = 0.01), as did eyes that had proliferative vitreoretinopathy develop (20/129; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Acute, spontaneous, nontraumatic posterior vitreous separation with dense fundus-obscuring vitreous hemorrhage is associated with a high incidence of retinal tears and detachment. Close follow-up with clinical examination and ultrasonography is necessary, because many of these eyes may eventually require surgical intervention. Aggressive management with early vitrectomy should be considered when there is a history of retinal detachment in the contralateral eye.     

Visual and surgical outcomes of retinal detachment following macular hole repair

OBJECTIVE: To characterize 20 cases of retinal detachment (RD) following surgical repair of macular holes. METHODS: Retrospective review of 20 eyes in 16 patients (4 patients [25%] had bilateral macular hole repairs with subsequent RD) who developed RD in the same eye in which surgical repair of a macular hole had been performed. RESULTS: Twenty detachments in 16 patients were reviewed. The average duration between macular hole repair and presentation of RD was 5.5 weeks. The inferior retina was involved more frequently than the superior retina. A total of 76% of all breaks were located inferiorly. Ten of the 20 eyes were asymptomatic at the time the detachment was diagnosed. Of the 20 eyes, 19 underwent surgical repair, all with anatomic reattachment. At final follow-up, the macular hole was closed in all 20 eyes, and 60% of the patients had final visual acuity improved by 2 lines or more over that before their macular hole repair. CONCLUSION: Retinal detachment is a complication of macular hole surgery. These detachments tend to occur within the first 2 months of follow-up, and have a high success rate of anatomic reattachment with surgery. The occurrence of RD does not preclude improved final visual acuity.     

外路手术治疗陈旧性裂孔性视网膜脱离

目的 探讨外路手术治疗陈旧性裂孔性视网膜脱离的疗效,分析陈旧性裂孔性视网膜脱离的临床特点.方法 陈旧性裂孔性视网膜脱离34例(34只眼),在双目间接检眼镜直视下行裂孔及变性区定位,在裂孔及变性区周围行视网膜冷凝后,根据情况分别采用巩膜表面加压术、环扎术或环扎加压术.术后定期观察视力、玻璃体及视网膜复位情况.结果 ①随访1～6个月,术后视网膜裂孔封闭,完全复位28只眼,再脱离6只眼,均发生在手术后1个月;其中2例手术后不足10d再脱离.②视力情况:视力提高28只眼,矫正视力＜0.3者18只眼,≥0.3者10只眼.③视网膜下液吸收情况:3d完全吸收19例,6d完全吸收7例,3～4周吸收2例.④冷凝反应:Ⅰ级10只眼,Ⅱ级14只眼,Ⅲ级4只眼.结论 在双目间接检眼镜直视下,外路手术治疗陈旧性裂孔性视网膜脱离的手术效果良好,值得临床推广.手术后视网膜的复位和视力与病程有密切关系.陈旧性裂孔性视网膜脱离多是因为早期的误诊造成,应引起临床医生注意.     

Retinal detachment rate after vitrectomy for retained lens material after phacoemulsification

PURPOSE: To report the rate of retinal detachment after vitrectomy for retained intravitreal lens material after phacoemulsification using specific vitrectomy techniques designed to minimize retinal detachment. DESIGN: Consecutive, interventional case series. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 100 consecutive eyes (one surgeon) of 100 patients undergoing vitrectomy for retained lens material after phacoemulsification and followed up for 3 months or longer unless an outcome event had occurred. Vitrectomy techniques employed to minimize the frequency of retinal detachment included inducing posterior vitreous detachment with maximal vitreous removal before phacofragmentation to avoid vitreous trauma, lens fragment debulking before fragmentation, use of low energy with high aspiration during removal of retained lens material, and intraoperative indirect ophthalmoscopic evaluation of the retinal periphery with scleral indentation to diagnose and treat intraoperative retinal breaks. The main outcome measures included prevalence of coexisting retinal detachment in eyes with retained lens material, incidence of retinal detachment or retinal breaks after vitrectomy for removal of retained lens material, and final visual acuity. RESULTS: The prevalence of previtrectomy retinal detachment was 4%; the incidence of postvitrectomy retinal detachment was 4%; the final visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 53%. One patient had a retinal break recognized during vitrectomy and was treated with retinocryopexy, but postoperative retinal detachment developed from a separate break. Three others were treated during vitrectomy for retinal breaks (including two with known preexisting breaks) and did not have any retinal detachment. Poor previtrectomy visual acuity (hand motions) was a risk factor for postvitrectomy retinal detachment. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of retinal detachment reported after vitrectomy for retained lens material after phacoemulsification can be minimized to approximately the rate expected with cataract extraction complicated by vitreous loss by employing standard surgical techniques. Higher risk eyes may benefit from more frequent postvitrectomy examinations.     

The Management of Retinal Detachments Associated With Choroidal Colobomas by Vitrectomy With Cyanoacrylate Retinopexy

The techniques used and the outcome in eyes treated for retinal detachment associated with choroidal coloboma are described. We reviewed the medical reports on five eyes of five patients with retinal detachment associated with choroidal coloboma who underwent vitrectomy. Retinal breaks were identified at the margin of or within the coloboma and the retina was successfully reattached by vitrectomy and cyanoacrylate retinopexy in four of the five eyes. The remaining one eye, with no visible retinal break both before and during surgery, also underwent cyanoacrylate retinopexy at regions suspected of retinal break, and was successfully reattached. In four eyes (80%) the vision showed improvement and had a visual acuity of 20/100 or better after surgery. None of the eyes required silicone oil tamponade or endophotocoagulation around the disc or at the papillomacular bundle. For the management of retinal detachment associated with choroidal coloboma, cyanoacrylate retinopexy is the method of choice, providing adequate chorioretinal adhesion and satisfactory visual outcome.     

Frequency of ciliary body or retinal breaks and retinal detachment in eyes with atopic cataract

AIM: To determine the frequency of ciliary body or retinal breaks and retinal detachment in eyes with atopic cataract. METHODS: The records of 106 eyes (74 patients) with atopic cataract that underwent cataract extraction were reviewed. The frequency of ciliary body or retinal breaks and retinal detachment was classified by their presence preoperatively and postoperatively, and by cataract type. RESULTS: Breaks were detected preoperatively in 27 eyes (25.5%) of 17 patients in the ciliary body (20 eyes, 18.9%), near the ora serrata (five eyes, 4.7%), and in undefined locations (two eyes, 1.9%). Among these, 16 eyes (15.1%) had already developed retinal detachment. After surgery, a ciliary body break occurred in one eye (0.9%) and retinal detachment in four eyes (3.8%) of three patients. The breaks that caused postoperative retinal detachment were in the ciliary body. When classified by cataract type, the highest frequency of breaks was associated with mature cataracts (35.0%), and all eyes with breaks developed retinal detachment. CONCLUSIONS: One fourth of eyes with atopic cataract had breaks in the ciliary body or ora serrata, or retinal detachment preoperatively. The highest frequency of either breaks or retinal detachment was associated with mature cataract. The frequency of breaks or detachment that occurred postoperatively (approximately 5%) was lower than that present preoperatively.