急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者恶性室性心律失常的危险因素研究

目的探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者住院期间并发恶性心律失常(MVA)的相关危险因素。方法 收集苏州大学附属第一医院2011年11月至2012年6月205例因临床特征及冠状动脉造影诊断STEMI的患者临床资料,分为恶性室性心律失常组(A组)38例,非恶性室性心律失常组(B组)167例,采用多因素logistic逐步回归分析STEMI患者发生恶性心律失常的危险因素。结果(1)两组相比,年龄[(70.08±10.19)岁vs.(61.09±14.79)岁],女性比例(28.9% vs.13.2%),白蛋白[(37.36±4.61)×10⁹ L-1 vs.(39.49±4.29)×10⁹ L-1]、肌酐清除率[(66.26±28.96)mL·min·1.73m-2vs.(91.52±26.79)mL·min·1.73m-2)、纤维蛋白原[(3.81±1.03)g·L-1vs.(3.47±0.82)g·L-1]、尿酸[(384.07±137.00)μmol·L-1vs.(337.24±111.43)μmol·L-1]、血肌酐(98.5 μmol·L-1vs.78.0 μmol·L-1)、三酰甘油(1.0 mmol·L-1vs.1.31 mmol·L-1)、高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)(13.57 g·L-1vs.6.29 g·L-1)、心功能凯氏分级3～4级(18.4% vs.6.6%)、心肌梗死溶栓治疗血流分级0～1(89.5% vs.74.1%)、病变支数[三支(23.7% vs.11.7%)]、右冠状动脉病变(RCA)(27.9% vs.29.9%)、血压[(113.39±23.66)/(68.18±14.21)mmHg vs.(124.92±18.83)/(75.66±12.25)mmHg]、血红蛋白[(121.97±15.78)g·L-1vs.(131.37±18.75)g·L-1)等指标比较均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)多因素logistic回归分析显示罪犯血管(右冠状动脉)、hs-CRP是STEMI患者合并恶性心律失常的危险因素(OR=2.314、1.152,P＜0.05)。结论STEMI发生恶性心律失常比例较高,RCA、hs-CRP可能是STEMI发生MVA的独立危险因素。     

顶空气相色谱法测定丹酚酸B中有机溶剂残留量

摘 要 目的： 建立丹酚酸B原料药中3种残留溶剂的测定方法。 方法: 采用顶空毛细管气相色谱法测定,色谱柱为HP 5毛细管柱（30 m×0.32 mm,0.6 μm),进样口温度为180℃,进样量为0.1 ml,分流比为1∶10;柱温为40 ℃保持6 min,15 ℃·min^-1升温至180 ℃,保持5 min;检测器为FID,温度：250℃;载气：N2,流速：1.7 ml·min^-1。二甲亚砜（DMSO）为溶剂。结果:各残留溶剂均可达到基线分离。各残留溶剂乙醇、丙酮和乙酸乙酯分别在12.650～1.012×103 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 3)、12.750～1.020×103 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 7)、12.550～1.004×103 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 7)范围内线性关系良好。乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯的平均回收率分别为96.89%（RSD=3.81％,n=9）、99.56%（RSD=4.05％,n=9）、97.21%（RSD=4.95％,n=9）。结论: 该法操作简便,重复性好,结果准确可靠,可以用于丹酚酸B原料药中残留溶剂的测定。     

病毒性脑炎患儿血清和脑脊液中肺表面活性物质相关蛋白的变化

目的 探索病毒性脑炎(VE)患儿血清和脑脊液肺表面活性物质相关蛋白(SP-D)的变化情况。方法 选择2014年3月—2015年4月期间该院小儿神经科临床收治的27例VE患儿为研究组,另选取同期23例非脑炎患儿为对照组,均采集血清和脑脊液标本,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测SP-D水平并进行对比分析。结果 研究组患儿急性期血清SP-D(13.01±1.43)μg·L-1、脑脊液SP-D(13.39±1.61)μg·L-1与对照组比较均有明显减少。VE患儿恢复期血清SP-D(15.10±1.69)μg·L-1、脑脊液SP-D(15.87±1.72)μg·L-1与急性期比较均有明显增加(P<0.05)。VE患儿恢复期脑脊液有核细胞数(15.93±1.83)×10⁶·L-1及脑脊液蛋白含量(0.23±0.02) g·L-1与急性期时比较均有明显减少(P<0.05)。结论 SP-D与病毒性脑炎的发病有一定的相关性,临床检测血清和脑脊液SP-D水平对诊断病毒性脑炎及判断病情有重要意义。     

高效液相色谱法测定甲癣涂剂中水杨酸的含量

目的 建立甲癣涂剂中水杨酸的含量测定方法。方法 色谱柱:Venusil XBP(L)C₁₈柱(4.6 mm×100 mm,5 μm)为固定相,甲醇∶水(H₃PO₄调pH=3.0)=45∶55为流动相,检测波长303 nm,流速1.0 mL·min-1,柱温:20 ℃。进样量 20 μL。结果 水杨酸回归方程为:A=5.14×10⁴C-1.06×10⁴(r=0.999 9);线性范围为:4.98~159.36 mg·L-1。平均回收率分别为98.0%、100.8%、100.5%。结论 该方法操作方便,结果准确可靠,可用于甲癣涂剂中水杨酸的含量测定。     

复方醋酸钠注射液的含量测定

摘 要 目的： 提高复方醋酸钠注射液含量测定方法。方法: 采用原子吸收分光光度法测定复方醋酸钠注射液中氯化钠、氯化钙、氯化钾的含量。结果:钙离子浓度在9.124×10^-7～1.369×10^-5 g·ml^-1范围内（r=0.999 5）;钾离子浓度在1.501×10^-7～4.504×10^-6 g·ml^-1范围内（r=0.999 2）;钠离子浓度在7.500×10^-8～2.251×10^-6g·ml^-1范围内（r=0.999 5）,线性关系良好。氯化钙的回收率为100.4%,RSD为1.4%（n=9）;氯化钾的回收率为102.4%,RSD为1.6%（n=9）;氯化钠的回收率为100.3%,RSD为1.1%（n=9）。结论: 提高后方法简便,准确,重复性好,可用于复方醋酸钠注射液的含量测定。     

荧光猝灭法研究二氢槲皮素和二氢杨梅素与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

目的 研究二氢槲皮素和二氢杨梅素与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用。方法 运用荧光光谱法结合Stern-Volmer方程和Line Weaver-Burk双倒数函数计算出BSA与二氢槲皮素和二氢杨梅素相互作用的猝灭常数和结合常数,通过反应前后热力学参数如焓变ΔH和熵变ΔS的大小对作用力类别进行判断。结果 测得二氢槲皮素与BSA在不同温度下的结合常数293 K为2.27×10⁴ L·mol-1,298 K为2.06×10⁴ L·mol-1,303 K为1.89×10⁴ L·mol-1,二氢杨梅素与BSA在不同温度下的结合常数293 K为2.43×10⁴ L·mol-1,298 K为2.39×10⁴ L·mol-1,303 K为2.13×10⁴ L·mol-1。确定其使牛血清白蛋白荧光猝灭的过程为静态猝灭过程,通过热力学参数确定其结合力主要为疏水作用。结论 应用荧光猝灭法了解二氢槲皮素和二氢杨梅素与牛血清白蛋白之间有较强的结合反应,结合力以疏水作用力为主。     

浮石修饰碳糊电极差示脉冲吸附伏安法测定盐酸普鲁卡因

目的:建立一种新型化学修饰电极吸附伏安法测定盐酸普鲁卡因的分析方法。方法:在1-25 ×10^-3mol·L^-1 KH₂PO₄ 和1-25×10^-3mol·L^-1 Na2HPO4 混合缓冲溶液(pH6-88,25 ℃) 中,用6% 浮石修饰碳糊电极,差示脉冲吸附伏安法测定盐酸普鲁卡因。结果:盐酸普鲁卡因的阳极峰电位为+ 0-98 V(vs.SCE),峰电流与盐酸普鲁卡因浓度在9-1×10- 7 ～2-6 ×10-5mol·L^-1 范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测下限为5-0 ×10^-8mol·L^-1 ,回收率为95-2%～104-8% ,RSD为3-2% 。结论:本法快速、简便、准确、灵敏度高,直接用于盐酸普鲁卡因注射液的测定,得到满意的结果。     

基于溶解氧乙酰螺旋霉素极谱平行催化氢波的研究

目的提出一种极谱测定乙酰螺旋霉素(ASPM)的新方法。方法应用单扫描极谱法,在含溶解氧的0.1 mol·L^-1 NH₄Cl-NH₃·H₂O(pH 8.9)缓冲液中ASPM产生1个灵敏的平行催化氢波［峰电位E_p=-1.63 V(vs SCE)］。结果该平行催化氢波的二阶导数峰峰电流i″与ASPM浓度在1.74×10^-3～3.48 μg·mL^-1呈良好线性关系(r=0.997 9,n=13),检出限为5.80×10^-4 μg·mL^-1(3σ)。对0.871 μg·mL^-1 ASPM溶液进行13次平行测定,RSD为1.24%。结论本方法可用于ASPM片剂中ASPM含量的测定。     

(+),(-)和(±)棉酚在雌大鼠抗早孕作用的研究

妊娠第6～9天大鼠,分别ig(±)和(-)棉酚80mg·kg^-1·d^-1和40mg·kg^-1·d^-1,结果有明显的抗早孕作用。然而(+)棉酚40mg·kg^-1·d^-1对大鼠生育无明显影响。(-)棉酚30μg·ml^-1能抑制体外培养黄体细胞孕酮的分泌。(+)棉酚10μg·ml^-1能促进黄体细胞分泌孕酮。hCG1IU·ml^-1能明显刺激体外培养颗粒细胞孕酮的分泌。(±)棉酚10和30μg·ml^-1皆能明显降低颗粒细胞对hCG的反应性。     

香菇多糖对新辅助化疗后乳腺癌患者免疫功能及淋巴细胞的影响

目的 探讨香菇多糖对新辅助化疗后乳腺癌患者免疫功能及淋巴细胞的影响。 方法 自2015年1月至2016年10月,前瞻性收集内蒙古医科大学附属医院收治的接受新辅助化疗的乳腺癌患者88例,采用随机对照的方式将其分为观察组(44例)和对照组(44例)。两组患者治疗方法相同,观察组联合应用香菇多糖,所有患者均新辅助化疗后手术切除肿瘤组织并留取肿瘤组织标本,观察肿瘤组织及外周血CD4⁺T细胞、CD8⁺T细胞、CD4⁺/CD8⁺比例以及血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)浓度。 结果 治疗后,观察组肿瘤组织微环境CD4⁺T细胞明显低于对照组(21.56%±5.08% 比 23.95%±5.17%,t=2.187,P=0.031);CD8⁺T细胞高于对照组(29.52%±3.51% 比 27.47%±3.68%,t=2.673,P=0.009);CD4⁺/CD8⁺T细胞比例低于对照组(0.72±0.12比 0.86±0.14,t=5.036,P=0.000)。外周血CD4⁺T细胞水平明显增加(28.57%±4.32% 比 26.23%±4.12%,t=2.600,P=0.011);CD4⁺/CD8⁺T细胞比例明显增加(0.84±0.15比 0.76±0.13,t=2.673,P=0.009)。外周血IL-6浓度明显增高[(14.56±4.79) 比(11.45±4.48) ng·L-1,t=3.145,P=0.002)];IL-10浓度明显降低[(11.34±3.37) 比(13.46±3.41) ng·L-1,t=2.933,P=0.004)];TGF-β1浓度明显降低[(15.14±4.69) 比 (17.67±4.53) μg·L-1,t=2.290,P=0.024)]。结论 香菇多糖有助于提高新辅助化疗后乳腺癌患者免疫功能,改善肿瘤组织微环境中免疫状态。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.