胸腰椎爆裂型损伤联合椎板骨折与硬脊膜撕裂

回顾性分析了６４例经后路手术治疗的胸腰椎爆型骨折，ＣＴ及手术证实椎板骨折１５例；硬脊膜撕裂１３例（２０．３％），椎板骨折合并硬脊膜撕裂９例，其余４９例无椎板骨折发生硬脊膜撕裂４例（Ｐ值〈０．００１）。分析提示硬脊膜撕裂与椎板骨折高度相关（相关系数ｒ＝０．６８８），而与病人的年龄，性别，椎管狭窄程度及Ｘ线特征相关性无统计学意义，神经损伤与硬脊髓撕裂相关（Ｐ值〈０．０５，ｒ＝０．３７７），作者认为，经     

术中脊髓造影在后路手术治疗胸腰椎骨折伴神经损伤中的应用

我院骨科自1994年4月起对27例伴神经症状的新鲜胸腰椎骨折患者行后路SF复位内固定时进行了术中脊髓造影检查，报道如下。资料与方法本组男21例，女6例，平均年龄33岁。均为车祸或高处坠落伤，受伤至手术时间最短4h，最长12d。术前1d行碘过敏试验，均为阴性。受伤部位T112例，T1210例，L111例，L23例，L31例。骨折按Denis分型：压缩骨折2例（均为FergusonⅢ度），爆裂骨折25例。25例爆裂骨折按Denis爆裂骨折分型法：A型12例，B型10例，C型1例，D型1例，E型1例。神经损伤程度按Frankel分级法：B级6例，C级13例，D级8例。手术器械为SF…     

胸腰椎爆裂型损伤联合椎板骨折与硬脊膜撕裂

回顾性分析64例经后路手术治疗的胸腰椎爆裂型骨折,CT及手术证实椎板骨折15例;硬脊膜撕裂13例(20.3％);椎板骨折合并硬脊膜撕裂9例。其余49例无椎板骨折发生硬脊膜撕裂4例(P值〈0.001)。分析提示硬脊膜撕裂与椎板骨折高度相关(相关系数r=0.688),而与病人的年龄、性别、椎管狭窄程度及X线特征相关性无统计学意义。神经损伤与硬脊膜撕裂相关(P值〈0.05,r=0.377)。作者认为,经CT证实胸腰椎爆裂型损伤联合椎板骨折合并神经损伤时就有存在后方硬脊膜撕裂的危险,神经组织卡压甚至嵌夹的可能。此时往往需通过后入路手术,来修补损伤的硬脊膜,解放有可能受压甚至嵌夹的神经组织。     

脊柱后路术后硬脊膜破裂脑脊液漏的防治

我院近5年脊柱后路术后并发切口脑脊液漏17例,经过积极治疗后伤口均正常愈合,现将治疗体会报告如下。     

脊柱肿瘤术中应用人工硬脊膜的疗效观察

目的:探讨人工硬脊膜在脊柱肿瘤手术中预防及治疗脑脊液漏的临床效果。方法:回顾性总结2017年12月至2019年5月于南方医科大学第三附属医院骨肿瘤科诊断为脊柱肿瘤或肿瘤样病变且出现椎管内占位而接受肿瘤切除椎管减压的手术病例（不包括椎体全切除的病例）。根据术中是否破坏硬脊膜完整性将病例分为治疗组及预防组。术中出现明确脑脊...     

显微外科技术在胸腰椎骨折并截瘫中的应用

目的 报道应用显微外科技技术治疗胸腰椎骨折并截瘫的临床疗效。方法 采用带蒂大网膜或骶棘肌瓣脊髓内移植和马尾神经吻合,结合Dick钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折并截瘫64例。结果 64例术后恢复情况：大网膜组有效率为91.6%,骶棘肌组为89.8%,马尾神经组为100％,效果良好。结论 本法既能解除脊髓压迫,解决脊柱骨折的复位固定,又能增加脊髓血供,恢复马尾神经连续性,是治疗胸腰维骨折并截瘫的较好办法。     

硬脊膜外置管应用抗生素对兔硬脊膜外脓肿的治疗效果

目的 通过建立兔硬脊膜外脓肿模型,对静脉注射抗生素与经硬脊膜外置管持续应用抗生素的疗效进行比较,探讨硬脊膜外脓肿的治疗效果.方法 建立兔硬脊膜外置管模型,将16只兔随机分为3组:静脉应用抗生素组(A组)(n=6),硬脊膜外应用抗生素组(B组)(n=6),脓肿对照组(C组)(n=4).注入细菌建立硬脊膜外脓肿模型,记录体重、体温和血清C反应蛋白(CRP)值;取兔脊髓、背根神经节和神经根,行光镜、透射电镜(TEM)病理学检查.结果 静脉实验组、硬脊膜外实验组兔用药前后血清CRP值有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 静脉注射抗生素与经硬脊膜外置管持续注入抗生素,两组用药后均有效;硬脊膜外持续注入抗生素治疗方法可行且有效.     

显微硬脊膜减压治疗ChiariⅠ型伴脊髓空洞症

我院自 1997年～ 2 0 0 1年收治 2 5例Ｃｈｉａｒｉ畸形Ⅰ型伴脊髓空洞症(ｓｙｒｉｎｇｏｍｙｅｌｉａ ,ＳＭ)的患者 ,行颅颈区减压、显微镜下硬膜外层剥除、枕大池重建的手术治疗 ,疗效满意 ,现报告如下。1.临床资料与手术方法 :本组男 7例 ,女 18例 ;年龄 2 8～ 5 8岁 ;病程2个月～ 2 0 0年 ,平均 5 7年。所有患者术前均行头、颈、上胸段ＭＲＩ检查 ,证实为Ｃｈｉａｒｉ畸形Ⅰ型 ,小脑扁桃体下疝超过枕大孔后缘 6～ 15ｍｍ ,平均 12ｍｍ ;均合并有不同程度的ＳＭ ;2例伴轻至中度脑积水 ,1例伴脊柱侧弯。临床表现 :2 0例躯干及肢体麻木、…     

硬脊膜外置管应用抗生素对兔硬脊膜外脓肿的治疗效果

Objective To investigate the effects of epidural antibioticson treatment of spinal epidural abscess(SEA)in rabbits in comparison with the use of intravenous antibiotics in veins.Methods Sixteen rabbits catheterized in epidurally,classified into 3 groups randomly:intvavenous antibiotics in vein(A group)(n=6),epidural antibiotics(B group)(n=6)and contral group(C group)(n=4).Developed an experimental model by injecting Staphylococcus aureus into the epidural space from the catheter to produce spinal epidund abscess in all groups.The food and drink,activity,body temperature,neurological dysfunction and C-reactive protein(CaD value of the rabitts were observed in the period.The pathological changes of SEA were studied in rabbits with light and transmission electron microscope.Results After administration of antibiotics,the CRP values were lower than before in both A and B groups(P＜0.05).The pathological changes were improved obviously after administration of antibiotics.Condusions The use of epidural antibiotics WaS as effective as inwavenous antibiotics in treatment of SEA.     

硬脊膜内松解自体周围神经植入治疗脊髓陈旧性不完全性断裂伤

[目的]探讨脊髓减压松解、神经组织植入治疗陈旧性脊髓不完全性断裂伤的临床效果.[方法]对16例外伤性陈旧性不全瘫患者,采用显微外科技术切开硬脊膜,将蛛网膜、软脊膜、齿状韧带、神经根起始段与脊髓的粘连及周围的纤维条索彻底解除.将质地外观异常段的脊髓行3～6个切口纵行切开;若发现脊髓内囊肿,则切开后吸出其中液体.然后,将自身腓肠神经用显微外科方法去除外膜、束膜并剪开,将其排列呈多条状、纵行植入已切开的脊髓处或原囊肿腔内.最后修复硬脊膜或用骶棘肌瓣覆盖.[结果]16例患者术后随访2～4年(平均2.5年),感觉和运动均增加1级以上,其中6例双下肢主要肌群肌力较术前增加2级,恢复达4级,恢复行走能力.[结论]硬脊膜内粘连松解、瘢痕段脊髓切开、自体周围神经组织植入桥接治疗外伤性陈旧性不全瘫患者的初步临床观察效果良好.     

Surgical treatment of thoracolumbar fractures

Fifty patients with thoracolumbar fractures were operated on because of neural compression, instability, or risk of delayed neural injury. The reduction obtained from placement of Harrington rods relieved neural compression in most dislocations and in some burst and wedge fractures. Anterior decompression was reserved for cases in which intraoperative myelography (or direct inspection prior to 1979) demonstrated persistent compression after reduction with Harrington rods. The neurological recovery obtained with this surgical treatment is described and was found to be superior to that reported with postural treatment in which no active attempt is made to define and relieve neural compression.     

Classification-related approach in the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar fractures

Background:

Advanced diagnostic tools, classification systems and accordingly selected surgical approaches are essential requirements for the prevention of failure of surgical treatment of thoracolumbar fractures. The present study is designed to evaluate the contribution of classification to the choice of a surgical approach using the current fracture classification systems.

Materials and Methods:

We studied prospectively a group of 64 patients (22 females, 42 males) of an average age of 43 years, all operated on for thoracolumbar fractures during the year 2001. The AO-ASIF classification was used preoperatively with all imaging studies (X-ray, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)). When the damage was detected only in the anterior column (A type), an isolated anterior stabilization (n = 22) was preferred. If the MRI study disclosed an injury in the posterior column, a posterior approach (n = 20) using the internal fixator was chosen. Injuries involving the posterior column (B or C type) were classified additionally according to the load-sharing classification (LSC). If LSC gave six or more points, treatment was completed with an anterior fusion. The combined postero-anterior procedure was carried out 22 times. The minimum followup period was 22 months.

Results:

Neither implant failure and nor significant loss of correction were observed in patients treated with anterior or combined procedures. The average loss of correction (increase of kyphosis) in simple posterior stabilization was 3.1 degree.

Conclusion:

Complex fracture classification helps in the selection of the surgical approach and helps to decrease the chances of treatment failure.     

经皮支柱块治疗胸腰椎压缩骨折

目的观察经皮支柱块治疗单纯胸腰椎压缩骨折疗效。方法采用经皮穿刺经双侧椎弓根支柱块置入术治疗33例胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者。结果 33例患者共植入支柱块66枚,术后无神经并发症发生。手术时间35~57(40.8±6.3)min,手术切口长度1.5~2.0(1.7±0.3)cm,术中失血量18~40(25.7±8.3)ml。患者均获随访,时间10~22(15.4±2.3)个月。VAS评分:术前7~10(8.0±1.6)分,术后1~3(2.4±0.8)分;Cobb角:术前20°~35°(25.2°±6.1°),术后6°~13°(9.7°±2.5°);伤椎前缘高度:术前45%~60%(49.6%±6.3%),术后75%~91%(82.7%±5.3%)。VAS评分、Cobb角、伤椎前缘高度术前术后比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经皮支柱块治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折的短期疗效满意,创伤小,并发症少。     

Decision-making in burst fractures of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine

The most common site of injury to the spine is the thoracolumbar junction which is the mechanical transition junction between the rigid thoracic and the more flexible lumbar spine. The lumbar spine is another site which is more prone to injury. Absence of stabilizing articulations with the ribs, lordotic posture and more sagitally oriented facet joints are the most obvious explanations. Burst fractures of the spine account for 14% of all spinal injuries. Though common, thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures present a number of important treatment challenges. There has been substantial controversy related to the indications for nonoperative or operative management of these fractures. Disagreement also exists regarding the choice of the surgical approach. A large number of thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures can be treated conservatively while some fractures require surgery. Selecting an appropriate surgical option requires an in-depth understanding of the different methods of decompression, stabilization and/or fusion. Anterior surgery has the advantage of the greatest degree of canal decompression and offers the benefit of limiting the number of motion segments fused. These advantages come at the added cost of increased time for the surgery and the related morbidity of the surgical approach. Posterior surgery enjoys the advantage of being more familiar to the operating surgeons and can be an effective approach. However, the limitations of this approach include inadequate decompression, recurrence of the deformity and implant failure. Though many of the principles are the same, the treatment of low lumbar burst fractures requires some additional consideration due to the difficulty of approaching this region anteriorly. Avoiding complications of these surgeries are another important aspect and can be achieved by following an algorithmic approach to patient assessment, proper radiological examination and precision in decision-making regarding management. A detailed understanding of the mechanism of injury and their unique biomechanical propensities following various forms of treatment can help the spinal surgeon manage such patients effectively and prevent devastating complications.     

经椎弓根植骨在伴有骨质疏松的胸腰椎骨折中的应用

[目的]评价经椎弓根植骨在胸腰椎骨折中的临床疗效,为临床选择提供依据。[方法]通过病例回顾分析,根据影像学及神经功能结果,比较单纯后外侧植骨与复合经椎弓根植骨的术后即时及随访1年半以后的临床效果。[结果]2种术式的术后即时效果无差异(P>0.05),椎体前缘高度均恢复达92%左右,Cobb′s角下降约12.5°。但晚期效果复合经椎弓根植骨远较单纯后外侧植骨好(P<0.01),单纯后外侧植骨随访1年半以后椎体高度及Cobb′s角的矫正均有不同程度的丢失(8.1%/6°),并有39.3%的内固定并发症率,而复合经椎弓根植骨未发现明显的矫正丢失及内固定并发症。但最终脊髓神经功能的恢复两者无明显差异。[结论]经椎弓根植骨不但能复位骨折,重建椎体高度,更能提供脊柱即时及晚期稳定性,减少内固定并发症,特别适合老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折。     

伤椎置钉技术治疗胸腰椎骨折

2009年4月～2011年2月,我院应用伤椎置钉技术治疗10例胸腰椎骨折患者,报道如下. 1 材料与方法 1例,L1～21例.损伤类型按Gertzbein分类[1]均为A型,其中A1型2例,A2型3例,A3型5例;神经功能按ASIA标准：C级2例,D级6例,E级2例.受伤至手术时间3～8 d.     

不同入路减压内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的 探讨不同入路减压内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的疗效.方法 将92例胸腰锥爆裂性骨折患者根据病情和患者知情同意分为两组：后路短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定融合术47例,前路减压钛网植骨内固定术45例.对两种治疗方式的疗效进行比较.结果 两组均获满1年随访.两组患者的神经功能均好转;两组患者治疗1年后较治疗前的椎体前缘高度、Cobb角均有明显改善（P〈0.05）;治疗后两组间椎体前缘高度、Cobb角比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;两组均无顽固性腰痛及内固定断裂等并发症发生.结论 后路短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定融合术和前路减压钛网植骨内固定术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折均可取得较好效果.     

选择性增加伤椎单侧置钉内固定治疗胸腰段椎体骨折

目的探讨选择性增加经伤椎椎弓根置钉短节段钉棒内固定治疗胸腰段椎体骨折的临床效果。方法选择22例胸腰段椎体骨折,采用增加经伤椎椎弓根置钉短节段钉棒内固定,观察患者术前、术后伤椎前缘高度、脊柱Cobb角、神经恢复情况。结果术后伤椎前缘高度、脊柱Cobb角较术前明显恢复(P<0.01),无断钉、断棒。结论选择性增加经伤椎椎弓根置钉短节段钉棒内固定治疗胸腰椎严重骨折,术中伤椎复位满意、术后固定牢固、脊柱稳定性好,有利于伤椎骨折愈合和患者早期功能锻炼与康复。     

应用SF经椎弓根脊柱内固定系统治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的 讨论应用SF系统内固定手术治疗脑、腰椎骨折的方法和治疗效果。方法 脊柱后侧入路椎管减压或单纯采用SF系统内固定手术治疗不稳定型胸、腰椎骨折30例。结果 经一年以上随访,椎体前缘平均高度由术前的48％恢复到术后的93.2%,椎体后缘平均高度由86％恢复到97.7%,cobb角由术前平均23.1°恢复为术后平均4.9°。结论 SF系统结构简单,操作方便,复位完美,固定牢靠,在脊柱内固定器械中具有较明显的优越性。     

CT三维重建在AO-C型桡骨远端骨折复位固定质量评估中的应用

目的探讨CT三维重建技术在AO-C型桡骨远端骨折术后复位、内固定质量评估中的应用,及其指导手术操作的临床价值。方法回顾性分析自2012-05—2016-02采用切开复位钢板内固定治疗的56例AO-C型桡骨远端骨折,术后分别采用腕关节正侧位X线片及CT三维重建观察骨折复位及内固定质量。结果 X线片显示1例未达到解剖复位,而CT三维重建显示11例未达到解剖复位;X线片与CT三维重建显示C1型骨折复位质量差异无统计学意义(P0.05);而CT三维重建显示C2、C3型骨折复位质量较X线片显示的差,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。X线片显示4例内固定位置合适,而CT三维重建显示17例内固定位置不合适;X线片与CT三维重建显示C1型骨折内固定质量差异无统计学意义(P0.05);而CT三维重建显示C2、C3型骨折内固定质量较X线片显示的差,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 AO-C型桡骨远端骨折复位内固定术后进行骨折复位及内固定质量的评估中,CT三维重建优于X线片。