生脉胶囊对中、高剂量氨磺必利治疗精神分裂症致心率变异性的影响

目的 探讨生脉胶囊对中高剂量氨磺必利治疗精神分裂症致心率变异性（HRV）的影响。方法 将100例精神分裂症患者随机分为研究组（氨磺必利联用生脉胶囊治疗）和对照组（单用氨磺必利治疗）,每组50例。在治疗前及12周疗程结束后分别收集HRV时域指标（SDNN、SDANN index、SDNN index、RMSSD、pNN50）、潘氏阳性与阴性症状量表评分及心血管不良反应发生率进行对比分析。结果 对照组SDNN、SDNN index、RMSSD和pNN50指标均高于研究组（P<0.05）;对照组患者疗程结束后,其SDNN、SDNN index、RMSSD和pNN50指标均高于治疗前（P<0.05）,对照组心血管不良反应发生率高于研究组（P<0.05）,2组患者临床疗效无统计学差异。结论 中、高剂量氨磺必利可使患者HRV增高,影响心脏自主神经功能,导致心血管不良反应发生率增高;联用生脉胶囊可明显降低上述风险。     

冠心病患者行冠脉支架植入术对其心率变异性的影响

目的 观察并探讨冠脉支架植入术（PCI）对冠心病（CHD）患者心率变异性（HRV）的影响。方法 选择2014年12月至2015年12月在襄阳市襄州区人民医院接受PCI术治疗的CHD患者90例,应用24 h动态心电图在PCI术前、术后1周和术后3个月分别检测HRV：平均正常R-R间期标准差（SDNN）、每5 min正常R-R间期平均值的标准差（SDANN）、相邻R-R间期差的均方根（RMSSD）和相差>50 ms的相邻R-R间期占R-R间期总数的百分比（PNN50）,并进行分析。结果 术前SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD和PNN50分别为（87.9±22.5）ms、（77.2±23.8）ms、（29.8±12.4）ms和（8.5±6.4）,术后3个月为（145.3±32.2）ms、（127.4±32.3）ms、（36.2±11.9）ms和（12.3±7.2）,术后3个月HRV指标增高,和术前比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;术前与术后1周SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD和PNN50相比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 PCI术能改善CHD患者HRV。     

急性冠脉综合征患者心率减速力变化特点及其与心率变异性的相关性分析

目的 分析急性冠脉综合征患者（ACS）心率减速力（DC）指标变化特点及其与心率变异性（HRV）的相关性。方法 选取2016年9月至2017年7月期间在安徽医科大学第三附属医院心内科确诊为ACS的119例患者（ACS组）,为研究对象,将ACS组分为不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）组和急性心肌梗死（AMI）组,选择同期本院门诊体检者中年龄、性别相仿并接受动态心电图检查的52例健康者（健康对照组）为对照组,检测两组患者24 h动态心电图,并应用美国DMS公司动态心电图Net版分析系统对两组研究对象24 h动态心电图检查结果进行分析,包括DC指标和HRV时域指标[24 h正常RR间期标准差（SDNN）、全程相邻窦性R-R间期之差的均方根值（rMSSD）、相邻正常RR间期差值>50 ms的心搏数占总RR间期数的百分比（PNN50）]。比较3组患者DC、HRV各指标的差异,探讨ACS患者DC和HRV指标相关性。结果 与健康对照组比较,UAP组及AMI组DC值降低,差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）；UAP组及AMI组DC值差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。UAP组及AMI组SDNN、rMSSD、PNN50较对照组降低,差异具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,AMI组SDNN较UAP组降低,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）, rMSSD、PNN50差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。ACS组患者的DC值与SDNN、PNN50、rMSSD的相关系数分别为0.329、0.201、0.187（P均<0.05）,均为正相关。结论 DC可作为定量反映ACS患者迷走神经受损程度的可靠心电学指标。     

老年患者心率变异性与血压曲线类型及心室重构的关系

目的 探讨老年人心率变异性（HRV）与血压曲线类型及心室重构的关系。方法 回顾性分析2014年10月至2016年10月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院住院并行动态心电图检测的400例老年患者临床资料,根据全部窦性心搏RR间期（SDNN）检测结果,将SDNN<100 ms 241例患者纳入HRV偏低组,SDNN≥100 ms 159例纳入HRV正常组,对两组HRV指标、血压曲线类型以及心室重构进行对比研究。结果 HRV偏低组检出非杓型有34例（21%）、杓型有113例（71%）、反杓型有6例（4%）、深杓型有6例（4%）,HRV正常组检出非杓型171例（71%）、杓型63例（26%）、反杓型5例（2%）、深杓型2例（1%）,HRV偏低组血压曲线昼夜节律波动较HRV正常组减弱,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;HRV正常组和HRV偏低组两组患者组内非杓型患者左心房的内径（LAD）,左心室舒张末期内径（LVDd）,左心室舒张末期后壁厚度（LVPWd）,室间隔厚度（IVS）及左心室质量指数（LVMI）指标均高于杓型患者,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;HRV偏低组非杓型患者的LAD、IVS、LVDd、LVPWd和LVMI指标均高于HRV正常组非杓型患者的指标,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;结论 HRV下降使血压昼夜节律减弱,HRV是导致心室更易发生重构的重要影响因素。     

脂联素 白细胞介素-6及高敏C反应蛋白与冠心病的相关性

目的 探讨脂联素、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）及高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）与冠心病（CHD）的关系及脂联素与CHD不同冠脉病变支数、不同严重程度的关系。方法 选择2016年7月至2017年6月亳州市人民医院收治的经冠状动脉造影（CAG）确诊为CHD患者74例为观察组,同时将观察组患者按冠脉病变支数分为3个亚组：单支病变组29例、双支病变组26例、三支病变组19例;再按CHD严重程度分为低危组32例、中危组24例、高危组18例。同期选择CAG阴性者22例为对照组。检测所有研究对象血清脂联素、IL-6及hs-CRP水平,通过Spearman相关分析法分析脂联素、IL-6及hs-CRP与CHD的关系,同时分析脂联素与CHD不同冠脉血管病变支数及不同严重程度的关系。结果 观察组患者脂联素水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患者IL-6、hs-CRP水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组三支病变组血清脂联素低于双支病变组和单支病变组（P<0.05）。高危组脂联素水平低于中危组和低危组（P<0.05）。Spearman相关分析显示,脂联素与IL-6及hs-CRP与CHD的相关系数r=-0.713、0.637、0.024（P均<0.05）;脂联素与CHD不同冠脉病变支数（三支、双支、单支）相关系数r=-0.451、-0.517,-0.553（P均<0.05）;脂联素与CHD不同严重程度的相关系数r=-0.536、-0.458、-0.603（P均<0.05）。结论 血清脂联素水平与CHD呈负相关,血清IL-6、hs-CRP水平与CHD呈正相关。     

银盏心脉滴丸联合比索洛尔治疗稳定型心绞痛的临床研究

目的 探讨银盏心脉滴丸联合富马酸比索洛尔治疗冠心病稳定型心绞痛的临床疗效。方法 选取2021年1月—2022年4月在平煤神马医疗集团总医院诊治的108例冠心病稳定型心绞痛患者,按照随机数字方法分为对照组（54例）和治疗组（54例）。对照组口服富马酸比索洛尔片,5 mg/次,1次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服银盏心脉滴丸,10粒/次,3次/d。两组患者均连续治疗4周。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较治疗前后两组患者心绞痛发作情况、6 min步行总距离,西雅图心绞痛量表评分及心肌缺血总负荷（TIB）、R-R间期的标准差（SDNN）、每5 min R-R间期均值的标准差（SDANN）、相邻R-R间期标准差的平均值（RMSSD）、Q-T离散度（QTd）、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）和脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A₂（Lp-PLA₂）水平。结果 治疗后,对照组和治疗组总有效率分别为85.19%、96.29%,两组比较差异存在统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗后,两组患者心绞痛发作次数较治疗前有显著下降,6 min步行总距离明显提高（P＜0.05）,且治疗组患者改善更明显（P＜0.05）。治疗后,两组患者治疗满意程度（TS）、躯体活动受限程度（PL）、心绞痛稳定状态（AS）、心绞痛发作频率（AF）、疾病的认识（DP）评分均较治疗前显著提高（P＜0.05）,且治疗组患者提高的更明显（P＜0.05）。治疗后,两组患者TIB、QTd、MCP-1、IL-6、MMP-9和Lp-PLA₂水平均较治疗前显著下降,而SDANN、SDNN和RMSSD水平均较治疗前显著提高（P＜0.05）,且治疗组患者这些指标水平改善的更明显（P＜0.05）。结论 银盏心脉滴丸联合富马酸比索洛尔治疗冠心病稳定型心绞痛患者具有良好的临床疗效,可有效改善患者症状,提高运动耐力。     

绝经后女性血尿酸水平与冠心病及冠状动脉病变程度的相关性

目的 探讨绝经后女性冠心病及冠脉病变程度与血尿酸（SUA）水平的相关性。方法 回顾性分析2012年8月至2015年8月安徽医科大学第一附属医院602例疑诊为冠心病（CAD）的绝经后女性,根据冠脉造影结果分为CAD组381例和非CAD组221例,观察两组年龄、吸烟、高血压病、糖尿病、高脂血症、SUA水平与冠心病的关系。再以冠脉病变支数和Gensini积分评价绝经后女性CAD组患者冠脉病变的范围和程度,并分析其与SUA水平之间的关系。结果 ①绝经后女性CAD组SUA水平明显高于非CAD组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。②logistic回归分析显示,绝经后女性冠心病的独立危险因素为年龄、高血压病、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、SUA。③冠状动脉三支病变组SUA水平高于双支病变组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,也高于单支病变组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,双支病变组SUA水平高于单支病变组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。④Spearman相关分析显示SUA水平与Gensini评分呈正相关（r_s=0.446,P < 0.05）。结论 SUA水平的升高与绝经后女性冠心病发生密切相关,且与冠脉病变严重程度相关。     

拘禁球囊技术与双导丝技术在冠状动脉分叉病变治疗中对分支开口保护的效果比较

目的 观察对比拘禁球囊技术（JBT）与双导丝技术治疗冠状动脉分叉病变对分支开口保护的优劣。方法 选择2010年9月至2016年5月在冀中能源峰峰集团总医院经冠脉造影确诊为冠状动脉分叉病变的81例患者,根据随机数字表法将所有患者分为两组：双导丝技术组（40例）,采用双导丝技术治疗,根据单支架释放后边支血流情况,决定是否Rewire导丝;拘禁球囊技术组（41例）,采用小内径球囊保护分支开口,主支单支架释放,同时边支球囊压力扩张保护,支架植入后,观察分支血流情况。对比两组患者在实施经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）时间、边支闭塞、曝光时间、对比剂用量、手术费用、术后主要不良心血管事件（MACE）、冠脉造影定量分析（QCA）等方面的差异。结果 双导丝技术组有10例发生边支闭塞,拘禁球囊技术组有2例发生边支闭塞,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与双导丝技术组比较,拘禁球囊技术组PCI实施时间及曝光时间更短、对比剂用量更少、手术费用更低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;术后1年随访,MACE发生率及QCA差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 拘禁球囊技术治疗冠状动脉分叉病变可有效保护分支开口,降低边支闭塞率及手术费用,值得推广。     

不同对比剂用量对冠状动脉静脉窦强化程度及肾功能的影响

目的 分析CT冠状动脉造影不同对比剂用量对冠状动脉及冠状静脉窦强化程度的影响。方法 选取2013年3月至2014年7月榆林市北方医院诊断为冠心病的低心率患者150例,根据体质量分为3组,体质量<75 kg为A组（50例）,体质量≥75 kg,依照随机信封法将患者分为B组（50例）和C组（50例）。A组以0.7 mL/kg注射对比剂,B组以0.7 mL/kg注射对比剂,C组以0.8 mL/kg注射对比剂。观察并比较延迟时间、冠状动脉血管强化程度、图像质量,检测患者造影前后肌酐（Cre）、血清胱抑素C（CysC）及肾小球滤过率（GFR）水平变化。结果 3组患者的对比剂用量差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,3组患者的延迟时间、扫描时间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。A组左回旋支近段、右冠状动脉近段、左前降支近段、左前降支远段、冠状动脉左主干、冠状静脉窦的CT值显著高于B组与C组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。3组冠状动脉血管图像质量差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。检查前3组患者的Cre、CysC、GFR差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但检查后的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 根据体质量调整CT冠状动脉造影对比剂的用量是可行的,有利于冠状动脉疾病的临床诊断。     

生脉注射液联合托拉塞米治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床研究

目的 探讨生脉注射液联合托拉塞米片治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效。方法 选择2020年6月-2022年8月在空军第九八六医院就诊的88例慢性心力衰竭患者,依据随机数字表法将全部患者分为对照组和治疗组,每组各44例。对照组口服托拉塞米片,1片/次,1次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上静脉滴注生脉注射液,每次剂量40mL加入5%葡萄糖注射液250mL中,1次/d。两组患者连续治疗14 d。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较治疗前后两组患者6 min步行实验(6 MWT)、心功能、心率变异性、B型利钠肽原(proBNP)、血小板平均体积(MPV)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW)。结果 治疗后,治疗组的总有效率为95.45%,明显高于对照组的总有效率81.82%,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的6 MWT均明显增大(P<0.05),治疗组的6 MWT较对照组增大更明显(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组左室射血分数(LVEF)明显增大,左室收缩末期内径(LVDS)明显减小(P<0.05);治疗后治疗组的LVEF高于对照组,LVDS低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的窦性间期平均值(SDANN)、窦性间期标准差(SDNN)、相邻窦性间期差的变异系数(RMSSD)均明显升高(P<0.05),且治疗组的SDANN、SDNN、RMSSD高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的血清proBNP、MPV、RDW均明显低于治疗前(P<0.05),且治疗组的血清proBNP、MPV、RDW明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 生脉注射液联合托拉塞米片治疗慢性心力衰竭的疗效确切,能改善心功能和心率变异性,降低血清proBNP、MPV、RDW。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.