肝衰竭前期的人工肝治疗

肝衰竭是临床最常见的严重肝病临床症候群,进展快,病死率高。在肝衰竭发生前期或“黄金窗口期”进行早期干预对于改善患者预后具有重要意义。关于肝衰竭前期的研究主要集中于HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭或酒精相关慢加急性肝衰竭。现就目前肝衰竭前期的发生机制及人工肝治疗展开讨论,旨在指导临床更加合理、有效地应用人工肝技术,推动相关研究,从而降低肝衰竭患者的病死率。     

妊娠期原发性急性脂肪肝(附3例附告)

妊娠期原发性急性脂肪肝是妊娠期妇女特有的肝脏损害。发生于妊娠晚期,母婴病死率均高。在临床上其表现与妊娠期重症肝炎极相似。如对本病缺少应有的认识和警惕性,极易误诊,常失去抢救时机。本文报告3例,结合文献就有关问题作一探讨。     

血浆置换术治疗妊娠合并重型肝炎的临床观察

妊娠合并重型肝炎较非妊娠期重型肝炎病情发展更加迅速,更易发生肝功能衰竭,病死率高,可达60％以上。我院肝胆病中心自2005年10月至2007年12月共收集妊娠合并重型肝炎患者24例,其中11例在内科综合治疗基础上应用人工肝血浆置换系统治疗,取得了良好的效果,现报告如下：     

关注重症肝病临床管理的热点问题

肝衰竭、急性失代偿期肝硬化等重症肝病病情危重,病死率高,其预后与早期预警、及时动态评估、综合有效的治疗密切相关。患者需要祛除致病因素、器官支持、并发症防治等一系列有效的临床管理措施。内科治疗-人工肝-肝移植是目前重症肝病的重要治疗模式。粒细胞集落刺激因子、干细胞治疗、生物型人工肝等新的探索曙光在前,非选择性β受体阻滞剂仍存在一定争议。     

急性肝衰竭相关研究新进展

急性肝衰竭(ALF)致病因素多,病情进展迅速,病死率高,早期识别病因及保护重要器官功能对患者生存至关重要。随着重症医学水平不断提高,人工肝、肝移植技术不断发展,患者生存率也有所提高,本文对影响ALF预后的最近基础研究与诊治进展进行综述。     

妊娠期肝病2137例临床分析

目的 探讨妊娠期肝病的分布,各型肝病的产科预后及与产前医学干预的关系.方法 选择1993-2003年本院孕肝科收治的妊娠期肝病2 137例,统计各项指标的平均数据和构成比.结果 妊娠期合并病毒性肝炎1 503例,占70.3%,其中重症肝炎占4.05%.妊娠期特有肝病634例,其中妊娠胆汁淤积症占49.2%.妊娠期急性脂肪肝占12.3%.孕产妇死亡占0.75%,产后出血占11.7%.围产儿结局:死亡26例占1.34%,窒息17.1%,出生缺陷0.88%,早产儿16.1%,胎儿宫内窘迫13.25%.结论 妊娠期合并肝病中病毒性肝炎占主要地位.特发性肝病中主要有妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症.最凶险的是妊娠合并重症肝炎和妊娠期急性脂肪肝.两种病毒以上的感染、双胎较易发生重症肝炎.早就诊早治疗是减少不良产科预后的有效方法.     

持续静脉静脉血液滤过联合血浆置换治疗妊娠急性脂肪肝临床分析

妊娠期急性脂肪肝(acute fatty liver of pregnancy,AFLP)是发生于妊娠晚期的一种严重并发症,主要病变为肝脏脂肪变性,短期内可发生多脏器损害,母婴病死率很高。本文对2例妊娠期急性脂肪肝给予持续静脉静脉血液滤过(continuous veno-venous hemofiltration,CVVH)联合血浆置换结合综合基础治疗,包括成份输血、保肝、纠正水电解质平衡紊乱等对症治疗,疗效满意,现将临床资料分析如下。临床资料2例患者均为初产妇,年龄均为22岁,1例为单胎女婴,另1例为双胎男婴,均无肝炎病史。单胎孕     

妊娠期急性脂肪肝并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征

妊娠急性脂肪肝（AFLP）是一发病急,进展极快的妊娠特有疾病。其病理改变是以肝细胞脂肪变性为特征的多种重要器官的脂肪变性。起病急骤,病死率高,常并发弥漫性血管内凝血（DIC）、肾功能衰竭、肝性脑病等严重并发症,但目前尚未见国内外有AFLP合并急性肺损伤（ALI）／急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）的报道,我院近2年内发生2例妊娠期急性脂肪肝并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征,均死亡,现报道并分析如下。     

妊娠期急性脂肪肝12例临床分析

目的探讨妊娠期急性脂肪肝(AFLP)的临床特点及诊治方法。方法回顾性分析2012年4月-2017年3月于华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院感染科诊治的12例AFLP患者的临床资料,对其基本信息、临床表现、相关实验室检查指标、影像学检查、治疗及预后进行分析。结果 12例AFLP患者均发生于妊娠晚期,临床表现以消化道症状、肝功能衰竭、黄疸和凝血功能障碍为主,12例均给予护肝、改善凝血、抗感染等综合治疗,11例行剖宫产终止妊娠,6例使用了血液滤过,5例行血浆置换治疗,孕产妇死亡1例,病死率8.3%,围生儿死亡5例,病死率35.7%。结论针对AFLP患者,早诊断、及时终止妊娠、最大限度地对症支持治疗、控制感染,并联合人工肝支持系统治疗是改善母婴预后的关键。     

重症病毒性肝炎的诊治

重症病毒性肝炎(下称重肝)是发病快、病情重、病死率高的一种急性传染病。现将其临床诊断与治疗简述如下。一、诊断(一) 急性重症肝炎(急重肝):或称暴发性肝炎,亦称急性肝坏死。急性黄疸型肝炎起病后10日内迅速出现精神、神经症状,肝浊音区进性缩     

Results of liver resection for primary liver cancer

At the Zhong Shan Hospital, Shanghai Medical University, between 1960 and 1991, liver resection was performed in 896 patients with primary liver cancer; local resection was performed in 552 patients (61.6%), left lateral segmentectomy in 114 (12.7%), left hemihepatectomy in 157 (17.5%), extended left hemihepatectomy in 19 (2.1%), right hemihepatectomy in 50 (5.6%), and extended right hemihepatectomy in 4 (0.4%). The overall operative mortality was 4.6%, but it was 22.0% in 1960–1970, 7.0% in 1971–1980, and 2.8% in 1981–1991. Encouraging changes in the prognostic pattern were observed when comparing the data for 1960–1970 (n=59), 1971–1980 (n=115), and 1981–1991 (n=722): the 5-year survival rate was 14.0%, 36.0%, and 50.8%, respectively, and the 10-year survival rate was 12.3%, 25.5%, and 40.8%, respectively. Significant differences in survival patterns were noted when these were analyzed on the basis of tumor size (≤5 vs >5cm), curative resection, tumor number, tumor capsule, and tumor emboli in the portal vein. In the entire series, 135 patients have survived for more than 5 years after resection, and 40 patients for more than 10 years after resection. One patient has survived for 32 years and is still alive, free of disease. The approaches to decreasing operative mortality and prolonging survival rate are discussed.     

Implication of normal liver enzymes in liver disease

Summary.  Chronic liver disease is usually asymptomatic until its late stages and also significant hepatic necroinflammation and fibrosis may be present in persistently normal ALT levels HBV, HCV carriers or similarly, in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Given the large number of persons in the general population which may harbor a clinically significant liver disease behind the screen of normal alanine aminotransferase, more attention should be devoted to future research for alternative noninvasive markers of liver damage.     

Pulmonary aspects of liver disease and liver transplantation

This article has summarized the liver-lung relationships from a clinical perspective. The physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology that link the two organs are of great importance in that many disorders described affect young patients. Indeed, pulmonary abnormalities in patients with hepatic disorders are frequent, and both the pulmonary and hepatic problems may be reversible in the current era of organ transplantation.     

Role of liver transplantation in acute liver failure

Orthotopic liver transplantation is employed as salvage therapy for individuals who are unable to recover from acute liver failure. Prognostic models are helpful but not entirely accurate in predicting those who will eventually require liver transplantation. There are specific criteria for United Network for Organ Sharing category 1a (urgent) listing of these patients. Unfortunately, clinical deterioration develops rapidly and many require removal from the waiting list prior to transplantation. With advances in critical care management and surgical technique, 1-year post-transplant survival rates have improved to 60 to 80%. Alternatives to conventional orthotopic liver transplantation include living donor liver transplantation, ABO-incompatible grafts, and auxiliary liver transplantation. There are many ethical and psychosocial issues inherent to transplanting these sick patients due to the urgent nature of acute liver failure. Fortunately, the long-term survival and quality of life in these transplant recipients is good.