KIAA0649多克隆抗体的制备及其细胞内定位

目的：制备抗KIAA0649多克隆抗体并鉴定抗体的特异性,同时初步鉴定KIAA0649蛋白在细胞内的定位及其功能结构域。方法：通过TMHMM和DNAstar等软件对KIAA0649的蛋白质序列进行分析,选取了3段序列合成多肽,将3段多肽混合后对新西兰兔进行免疫,通过酶联免疫吸附实验(enzyme-linked immuno-sorbnent assay, ELISA)测定血清中抗多肽的滴度,当抗血清的滴度达到1∶10⁵（体积比）时取血清,通过免疫亲和层析柱对抗体进行纯化。在U2OS细胞中表达Flag-KIAA0649或通过小干扰RNA沉默内源的KIAA0649,提取细胞蛋白,电泳后转膜,通过Western blot分析上述制备的多克隆抗体的特异性;将表达Flag-KIAA0649的细胞在玻片上固定,用抗Flag抗体和抗KIAA0649抗体进行双色免疫荧光分析,通过免疫荧光对KIAA0649抗体进行鉴定。利用PCR克隆构建Flag-KIAA0649全长表达质粒和系列Flag-KIAA0649缺失突变体,转染细胞后通过免疫荧光对KIAA0649在细胞内的定位进行研究。 结果：得到的纯化KIAA0649多克隆抗体特异性地识别内源及外源KIAA0649蛋白,可用于免疫荧光和Western blot分析;全长KIAA0649蛋白在细胞核内显示特定的分布方式;KIAA0649的缺失突变体中,含有PENF motif 的突变体与全长KIAA0649蛋白在细胞核内的分布形式一致,推测该结构域可能为KIAA0649 的功能结构域。 结论：通过上述方法制备的KIAA0649 多克隆抗体具有较高的特异性,可应用于KIAA0649的功能研究,KIAA0649在细胞内定位的研究对于阐明KIAA0649的功能机制具有重要意义。     

柯萨奇病毒B3的多克隆抗体制备

目的制备柯萨奇病毒B3(coxsackievirus B3,CVB3)的多克隆抗体。方法针对CVB3基因的VP1区设计特异性引物,RT-PCR扩增VP1基因并将其克隆到pGEX-6p-1中,经IPTG诱导表达后,以GST-VP1融合蛋白作为抗原免疫新西兰大白兔,制备多克隆抗体。采用ELISA、Western blot以及间接免疫荧光检测多克隆抗体的效价和特异性。结果 ELISA检测血清的效价不低于1∶64 000,Western blot和间接免疫荧光显示该抗体具有良好的特异性。结论成功制备了效价较高的CVB3多克隆抗体,可应用于CVB3蛋白的检测。     

Myosin-Vc特异性片段的原核表达及其抗血清的制备

目的 原核表达Myosin-Vc(Myo5c)蛋白并纯化,制备小鼠、家兔多克隆抗体,为探索MyoSc在病毒感染中的作用提供研究工具.方法 采用RT-PCR方法从人胃粘膜组织中克隆编码Myo5c特异性蛋白的基因片段,构建该片段与6×His标签的融合蛋白表达质粒pQE-31/Myo5c,原核表达与蛋白纯化后,分别免疫BALB/c小鼠和新西兰兔,制备Myo5c抗血清.采用ELISA检测抗体效价,Western blot和间接免疫荧光染色检验抗体特异性.结果 获得Myo5c特异性片段约42×103的纯化蛋白.ELISA检测小鼠和家兔抗血清效价分别为1:12 800、1:6 400.Western blot和间接免疫荧光染色显示所制备的抗体能特异性识别Myo5c.结论 获得Myo5c特异性蛋白,并成功地制备了Myo5c特异性的小鼠和家兔抗血清.     

人VIGILINN端融合蛋白的表达及亚细胞定位

目的 原核表达人VIGILIN N端基因,制备抗人VIGILIN的多克隆抗体,对人VIGILIN作亚细胞定位.方法 用PCR扩增人VIGILIN基因N端,克隆到表达载体pGEX-4T-2中,并在大肠杆菌中以IPTG诱导表达.产物经 Glutathion Sepharose 4B纯化后免疫新西兰白兔制备抗人VIGILIN N端融合蛋白抗体,采用ELISA和Western blot鉴定抗体的效价及特异性.通过细胞免疫荧光染色,观察VIGILIN在细胞中的分布.结果 在28 ℃、1 mmol/L IPTG诱导3 h的最优条件下成功表达GST-VIGILIN N端融合蛋白,抗体ELISA滴度为1:16000,Western blot证实抗体特异性较高,VIGILIN在细胞质和核中均有分布,核中的分布集中在核膜内侧和靠近DAPI染色显著的区域. 结论 成功表达人VIGILIN N端融合蛋白和制备兔抗人VIGILIN抗体,并应用于亚细胞定位,为研究人VIGILIN的性质和功能奠定基础.     

基于表位多肽的抗TRIM22抗体的制备及其初步应用

 目的 制备抗TRIM22多肽抗体及鉴定其性能。 方法 将TRIM22 N端15个氨基酸的多肽（MDFSVKVDIEKEVTC）与钥孔嘁血蓝蛋白（KLH）偶联，免疫新西兰白兔制备抗血清；将TRIM22多肽与Affi-Gel 10偶联制备免疫亲和层析柱, 兔抗血清经亲和层析纯化后得到TRIM22多肽特异性抗体；采用ELISA测定抗体效价、Western blot来鉴定抗体特异性，并利用该抗体通过间接免疫荧光实验来检测TRIM22蛋白的细胞内定位。 结果 获得了抗TRIM22特异性抗体。Western blot结果显示该抗体能特异识别真核及原核表达的TRIM22蛋白。利用该抗体进行的间接免疫荧光实验发现TRIM22蛋白主要定位在HepG2细胞核中。 结论 该抗体的制备为TRIM22分子的功能研究提供了有力的工具。     

FKBP38的原核表达、抗体制备及其应用

目的 构建人FKBP38 N-末端及C-末端原核表达载体并使其在大肠杆菌中高效表达,纯化基因表达产物,制备兔多克隆抗体并对该抗体用于Western免疫印迹、免疫荧光及免疫组织化学检测进行评价,为研究FKBP38的功能奠定基础.方法 以人FKBP38 cDNA为模板,根据人FKBP38全长cDNA系列,设计PCR引物分别扩增N-末端(1-207aa)及C-末端(209-387aa),将扩增产物克隆至大肠杆菌表达载体pGEX-6P1中,经BamH I/Sa1 I双酶切鉴定.GST-FKBP38-N及GST-FKBP38-C融合蛋白在硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导下在大肠杆菌BL21中得到表达.利用谷胱甘肽亲和层析纯化融合蛋白,用纯化的GST-FKBP38-N融合蛋白及GST-FKBP38-C融合蛋白免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体并进行纯化.使用纯化的抗FKBP38多抗以Western免疫印迹、免疫荧光及免疫组织化学检测FKBP38的表达与细胞内的定位.结果 成功构建FKBP38 N-末端及C-末端原核表达载体,表达并纯化了GST-FKBP38-N融合蛋白及GST-FKBP38-C融合蛋白,制备并纯化了FKBP38特异性抗体.该抗体用于Western免疫印迹检测FKBP38在不同细胞株中的表达,特异性强、效价高;用于免疫荧光检测FKBP38在细胞内主要定位于线粒体上;用于免疫组织化学检测FKBP38在乳腺组织细胞呈现胞浆阳性.结论 FKBP38特异性抗体制备成功,该抗体可用于FKBP38的免疫印迹、免疫荧光及免疫组织化学检测,为深入研究FKBP38的功能奠定基础.     

抗PIWIL2蛋白多克隆抗体的制备、鉴定及初步应用

目的:制备兔抗人PIWIL2(P-element-induced wimpy testis like 2,或称HIWI2)的多克隆抗体,并鉴定其特异性,初步探讨其在人正常及肿瘤组织中的分布.方法:人工合成特异性PIWIL2多肽,以马来酰胺活化匙孔血蓝蛋白(Keyhole limpet hemocyanin,KLH)为载体构建多肽免疫原,致敏大白兔,制备兔抗人PIWIL2多克隆抗体.亲和层析法纯化抗体,ELISA和Western印迹鉴定特异性,人组织芯片行PIWIL2的免疫组化研究. 结果:通过构建PIWIL2多肽-KLH载体复合物致敏大白兔,制备出兔抗人PIWIL2蛋白多克隆抗体.ELISA及Western印迹证实兔抗人PIWIL2抗体可特异性识别PIWIL2多肽.人组织芯片免疫组化染色显示,PIWIL2在肿瘤细胞的表达具有组织特异性,大多数正常和癌组织的平滑肌细胞胞质中呈阳性染色. 结论:成功制备出兔抗人PIWIL2多克隆抗体,为后续研究奠定了基础.     

HCV胞膜蛋白E2基因的融合表达、纯化及多克隆抗体制备

目的 原核表达HCV胞膜蛋白E2,获得抗E2多克隆抗体.方法 利用PCR方法从HCV基因组序列中扩增出831 bp（384～661aa）的E2基因片段并按读框克隆到原核表达载体pET32a（＋）,IPTG诱导HCV E2蛋白表达,SDS-PAGE和Western Blot法检测蛋白表达,Ni-NTA偶联的琼脂糖吸附柱纯化融合蛋白,薄层扫描及Bradford 法检测纯化蛋白的纯度＞90%;用表达的E2蛋白免疫新西兰兔制备多克隆抗体,利用间接ELISA 法检测抗体效价,Western Blot法检测抗体特异性.结果 用原核诱导表达出HCV胞膜蛋白E2免疫新西兰兔后获得多克隆抗体的效价在1∶1 280以上,能特异性识别E2蛋白.结论 成功构建HCV E2基因的原核表达载体,利用原核表达HCV胞膜蛋白E2制备的多克隆抗体能特异性识别E2蛋白.为进一步开展HCV E2蛋白功能和HCV受体的研究奠定了基础.     

兔抗破骨细胞蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶多克隆抗体的制备和应用

目的：采用已构建的pET28a-ΔPTP-oc重组质粒纯化重组蛋白,制备兔抗破骨细胞蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶（PTP-oc）多克隆抗体并鉴定其性能。方法：将构建的pET28a-ΔPTP-oc重组质粒转化至BL21（DE3）中,应用异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导重组蛋白表达。表达产物经过Q柱阴阳离子交换和Ni柱亲和层析获得纯化的PTP-oc重组蛋白,将纯化的重组蛋白作为抗原免疫家兔,获得PTP-oc多克隆抗体。采用间接ELISA法检测抗体效价,Western blotting法检测抗体的特异性。结果：成功纯化出PTP-oc重组蛋白。间接ELISA法检测,采用纯化诱导后的重组蛋白免疫家兔获得了兔抗PTP-oc多克隆抗体,多克隆抗体效价达1∶32000以上,Western blotting法检测,所得多克隆抗体有较高的特异性。结论：成功纯化了PTP-oc重组蛋白,制备出PTP-oc多克隆抗体。     

UROC28基因的原核表达及抗UROC28多抗制备和初步应用

目的: 在原核细胞大肠杆菌中融合表达UROC28基因产物,分离、纯化后制备其特异性多克隆抗体,并初步应用于肿瘤标本的检测,为进一步研究该分子的功能和组织分布等提供条件. 方法: 利用DNA重组技术将UROC28基因克隆入融合表达载体pRSET-c质粒,并在大肠杆菌BL-21中融合表达目的蛋白,回收后制备兔抗血清,Western blot鉴定抗体后,应用该抗体对前列腺癌石蜡切片进行免疫组化染色. 结果: His-UROC28融合蛋白的Mr约为22 000,与预期相符;融合蛋白占菌体总蛋白的20%. 目的蛋白免疫新西兰兔获得多克隆抗体,Western blot结果显示制备的抗UROC28多克隆抗体具有较高的特异性,无明显交叉反应,并成功在前列腺癌组织标本中检测UROC28的表达. 结论: 本研究成功构建了UROC28融合表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达. 制备了该分子的多克隆抗体,经初步验证其效价高、特异性好,为深入研究UROC28的功能及其与疾病的关系创造了条件.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.