Long-Term Results of Porous-Coated Anatomic Total Hip Arthroplasty for Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Hip

Between 1986 and 1997, 136 porous-coated anatomic (PCA) total hip arthroplasties were performed for patients with osteoarthritis of the hip, and data were available for 60 hips at final follow-up (mean follow-up, 15.2 years). Of these, 18 hips had undergone revision: 12 for the acetabular component, 10 for the femoral component, and 4 for both components. Survival rate at 23 years postoperatively was 60% for the acetabular component and 82% for the femoral component. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression showed that annual polyethylene wear rate, size, and abduction angle of the acetabular component were significantly associated with acetabular component revision surgery, and that annual polyethylene wear rate and filling ratio of the femur were associated with femoral component revision surgery.     

Long-Term Results of Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty for Patients With High Hip Dislocation After Childhood Pyogenic Infection

BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to analyze the 10-year outcomes of cementless, modular total hip arthroplasty (THA) in adult patients who had high dislocation secondary to childhood pyogenic arthritis.MethodsWe retrospectively followed 56 consecutive patients who underwent cementless, modular THA for the late sequelae of childhood septic arthritis of the hip from 2001 to 2011. There were 23 men and 33 women with a mean age of 47 years (24 to 68). Of the 56 hips, 25 were classified as Crowe type III and 31 as type IV. Mean follow-up was 10.7 years.ResultsOne hip with a quiescent period of 23 years had recurrence of infection. Revision surgery was performed in 2 patients because of loosening and breakage of femoral stem and new infection with no correlation with childhood sepsis, respectively. The mean Harris hip scores improved from 44.2 points preoperatively to 87.5 points at final follow-up. Similarly, the Hip dysfunction and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score and hip pain also significantly improved at the latest follow-up. The mean acetabular cup abduction was 40.8° and the mean anteversion 27.8°, respectively. There were 5 cases of transient nerve palsy and 5 cases of intraoperative fracture.ConclusionTHA can reliably restore the abnormal anatomy and provide good results in these young and active patients who had high hip dislocation secondary to childhood pyogenic arthritis with a relatively high incidence of complications. However, these complications can be treated.     

Diagnosing Infection in Patients Undergoing Conversion of Prior Internal Fixation to Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background

Criteria for diagnosis of infected internal fixation implants at the time of conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) are not clear. The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors for infection in patients undergoing conversion to THA.

Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty for Adult Patients With Sequelae From Childhood Hip Infection: A Medium-Term Follow-Up Study

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to evaluate midterm clinical and radiographic results of total hip arthroplasties (THAs) with cementless implants for adult patients with sequelae from childhood hip infection.MethodsBetween 2002 and 2016, 165 patients (165 hips) who had a hip infection during childhood were treated with THAs with cementless implants. The average duration of follow-up was 93.5 months (range 26-206). Clinical results were evaluated via the Harris Hip Score and radiographic results were analyzed with postoperative serial X-rays.ResultsThe average Harris Hip Score increased from 27 (range 8-53) before surgery to 91 (range 45-100) at the latest follow-up examination (P < .001). At the latest follow-up evaluation, 9 cementless acetabular components demonstrated partial, nonprogressive radiolucencies. No subsidence of more than 2 mm or evidence of a radiolucent line was observed around the femoral components. Intraoperative periprosthetic fractures occurred in 11 hips, including 3 acetabular fractures, 2 fractures of greater trochanter, 1 femoral shaft fracture, and 5 fractures of femoral calcar. Postoperative complications included 3 cases of periprosthetic infection, 1 episode of dislocation, 1 case of a femoral periprosthetic fracture, 5 cases of sciatic nerve injury, 1 case of femoral nerve injury, and 1 case of squeaking from a ceramic bearing surface.ConclusionCementless THA for adult patients with sequelae from childhood hip infection presents significant technical challenges and a relatively high complication rate. With meticulous surgical planning and anticipation for the key technical challenges frequently encountered, the medium-term clinical and radiographic results of THA in this setting were good with high implant survivorship and patient satisfaction.     

The 27 to 29-Year Outcomes of the PCA Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients Younger Than 50 Years Old

We previously reported our six and 19.4-year results of arthroplasty with the PCA total hip prosthesis. We now report on the performance of this prosthesis at 27–29 years. Eighty-eight consecutive primary THAs using a PCA total hip system were performed in 70 patients (mean age, 45.6 ± 11.1 years). The mean follow-up was 28.4 years (27–29). The mean Harris hip score was 89 points at final follow-up. Thigh pain was reported in 22 hips (25%). The mean annual polyethylene wear was 0.182 ± 0.03 mm. There were 75 acetabular (85%) and 40 femoral (45%) osteolysis. The rate of survival after 28.4 years as the end point of revision was 66% for the acetabular component and 90% for the femoral component.     

Complications and Readmission Incidence Following Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients Who Have End-Stage Renal Failure

BackgroundThe number of patients who have end-stage renal disease undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) has increased over the past decade. The purpose of this study is to evaluate mortality, complications, and 90-day readmission incidences in patients who have end-stage renal disease undergoing THA.MethodsPatients who had a primary THA between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2016, were identified from the 5% Medicare database. A total of 55,297 THA patients were stratified into 3 groups: renal dialysis (without transplant), renal transplant, and those without such renal problems. Risk of readmissions, dislocations, periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs), venous thromboembolic diseases, and mortalities up to 5 years following primary THA was compared. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the effect of patient and hospital characteristics on the adjusted complication risks.ResultsMortalities at 5 years was 62.6% in the renal dialysis group, 37.3% in the renal transplant group, compared to 15.0% in the nonrenal group. Dislocations (7.6%) and PJIs (7%) were significantly higher in the dialysis group (P < .001). No significant differences in venous thromboembolic diseases (all timepoints) and revisions (all timepoints except at 90 days) between the renal groups were observed. The 90-day readmission risks were significantly greater in both the dialysis (55%) and transplant (43%) groups compared to the nonrenal cohort (30%) (P < .001).ConclusionRenal dialysis patients undergoing THA are at increased risk of PJIs (7%), dislocations (7.6%), revisions, and mortalities at 90 days compared to transplant and nonrenal patients. Both dialysis and transplant patients are high-risk groups with significantly increased 90-day readmission incidences of 55% and 43%, respectively, which makes their inclusion into a bundled payment model challenging.     

成人DDH患者保髋手术失败后的THA疗效分析

目的回顾性分析保髋手术治疗失败后的成人发育性髋关节发育不良患者再次行全髋人工关节置换术的中期疗效。方法选择2014年1月至2019年1月收治的22例(30髋)保髋手术失败后行全髋人工关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)的发育性髋关节发育不良患者作为研究对象,其中男7例,女15例;行保髋手术时年龄1~18岁,平均(7.9±3.4)岁;行THA时年龄22~63岁,平均(34.2±11.2)岁;单髋14例,双髋8例,左髋16侧,右髋14侧。手术前后采用Harris髋关节评分系统及疼痛视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue score,VAS)进行评价,并对手术前后的X线片进行分析。结果本研究病例全髋人工关节置换术后平均随访时间为(30.5±18.5)个月。全髋人工关节置换术后,Harris总评分从术前的平均(38.7±10.6)分提高至末次随访时的(89.4±9.7)分,差异有统计学意义(t=19.67,P<0.001),且患者的疼痛、行走、功能、活动度等各项指标的术后评分均高于术前且差异有统计学意义;疼痛VAS评分由术前的平均(7.9±0.9)分降低到末次随访时的(1.4±1.0)分,差异有统计学意义(t=30.67,P<0.01);患者双下肢长度差异由术前的平均(3.32±0.51)cm降低到术后(0.71±0.33)cm,差异有统计学意义(t=14.01,P<0.001)。所有患者均无发生手术切口及假体周围感染、假体松动、髋关节脱位、血管神经损伤、深静脉血栓及异位骨化等术后并发症,仅2例患者术中出现股骨近端纵行劈裂。结论保髋手术失败后的成人发育性髋关节发育不良患者行全髋人工关节置换术可获得满意的中期疗效。     

Conversion of Fused Hip to Total Hip Arthroplasty: Long-Term Clinical and Radiological Outcomes

BackgroundDespite promising results at the mid-term followup, several aspects of conversion of the fused hip to total hip arthroplasty (THA) remain controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes with a minimum 5-year followup in patients who underwent conversion of the fused hip to THA.MethodsFifty-seven patients (59 hips) were evaluated. The Harris Hip Score (HHS), range of motion (ROM), and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used to assess hip function and low back pain. Subjective satisfaction with surgery and the presence of the Trendelenburg sign was also evaluated. Radiological assessment was performed pre- and postoperatively to evaluate loosening and heterotopic ossification (HO).ResultsAfter a mean followup of 13.0 ± 6.2 years, HHS and VAS significantly improved from 46.0 ± 16.7 to 80.8 ± 18.8 and from 4.4 ± 1.5 to 2.1 ± 1.4 (both P < .001), respectively. Twenty-three patients (40.4%) had a positive Trendelenburg sign, and HOs were found in 29 cases (49.1%). An overall 29.8% complication rate was noted. Smoking habits and rheumatoid arthritis were predictive of Trendelenburg sign (P = .046 and P = .038, respectively). Implant survival rate as the end point was 98.7 ± 1.3% at 5 years, 92.4 ± 3.3% at 10 years, 82.1 ± 5.7% at 15 years, and 73.4 ± 8.0% at 20 and 25 years. A worse cumulative implant survival rate was noted in patients who underwent previous hip surgery, defined as any hip operation before fusion (P = .005).ConclusionConversion of the fused hip to hip arthroplasty provides high levels of hip functionality and satisfaction with surgery at long-term followup. An implant survival rate higher than 70% can be expected 25 years postoperatively.     

A Systematic Review of Modern Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Resurfacing vs Standard Total Hip Arthroplasty in Active Young Patients

This systematic review compared 2 treatments for hip disease in active young patients: modern metal-on-metal total hip resurfacing and standard total hip arthroplasty. We conducted a literature search to identify relevant randomized and clinical controlled trials and included 968 patients from 4 trials in our analysis. Our results indicated increased rates of revision, femoral neck fractures, and component loosening among patients who received modern metal-on-metal hip resurfacing. No significant differences in the rates of mortality, dislocation, or deep hip joint infection were found between treatment groups. Hip function scores were similar between the 2 groups, but the resurfacing group showed higher activity levels. These results have provided insufficient evidence to determine whether modern metal-on-metal total hip resurfacing offers clinical advantages over standard total hip arthroplasty.     

Long-Term Outcomes of a Titanium-Encased Ceramic Liner Total Hip Arthroplasty (15 to 21Year Results)

BackgroundHistorically, aseptic loosening and osteolysis were responsible for most of the revisions among young and more active patients. Ceramic-on-ceramic bearings reduced wear but presented mechanical issues such ceramic fracture or liner chipping during insertion. To prevent this from happening a titanium-encased alumina liner was developed. The aim of this study is to address long-term results of this specific ceramic design.MethodsAll patients received an uncemented acetabular component with ceramic-on-ceramic bearing (94 hips in 77 patients). Patients were prospectively followed over 15 years. Clinical evaluation included the Harris Hip Score and Visual Analog Scale pain scale. Radiographic analysis included integration, osteolysis, and ceramic-related mechanical issues, such as malseating of the insert.ResultsThe studied acetabular design survivorship was 98.9% at a mean follow-up of 17.2 years. One arthroplasty was revised secondary to infection but no cup had loosened or migrated during the study. Only 1 cup showed complete radiolucent lines. There was no fracture of any ceramic component in the study group. Malseating was present in 12 acetabular components (12.8%). No osteolysis was observed with over 15 years of follow-up.ConclusionIn conclusion, this acetabular component demonstrates a favorable clinical and radiological outcome with over 15 years of follow-up. Osteolysis was not observed and incomplete seating of the titanium-sleeved ceramic liner did not lead to mechanical problems.     

人工髋关节置换术后感染的外科治疗

目的探讨人工髋关节置换术后感染窦道形成的外科治疗方法。方法自1999年6月至2005年1月,共收治了人工髋关节置换术后感染窦道形成者7例,其中男4例,女3例;年龄34~71岁,平均55.4岁。根据Fitizger-ald全髋关节置换术后感染分期,2例为期感染,4例为期感染,1例为期感染。所有病例均采用一期清创,假体取出,抗生素骨水泥旷置,二期行清创,髋关节再次置换术。结果平均随访49.3个月(6~66个月),6例功能恢复良好,Harris评分平均74.6分。1例因术后脱位,切开复位后再次感染,二次行清创,假体取出,旷置术,术后15个月后再次清创,行全髋置换。结论人工髋关节置换术后感染窦道形成者,经严格的一期清创后,二期清创、关节置换,可获得满意疗效。     

Repeat 2-Stage Revision for Recurrent Infection of Total Hip Arthroplasty

Eleven patients who developed reinfection after 2-stage revision for infected total hip arthroplasty (THA) were treated with a repeat 2-stage rerevision. Of the 11 rerevisions, 4 were successful, with no recurrent infection at mean follow-up of 44 months. Reinfection occurred in 7 patients of whom 6 involved either a significantly compromised host or poor local wound status. Clinical symptoms of infection were controlled in 4 of the 7 reinfected cases with antibiotic therapy in 2, irrigation and debridement in 1, and a third 2-stage revision THA in 1. Repeat 2-stage treatment of infected THA is associated with a high failure rate. However, successful results can be achieved particularly if the host is not immunocompromised and healthy soft tissue coverage is present.     

Causes of Revision in Young Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to identify reasons for revision of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients who underwent primary THA at or before the age of 35 years. We hypothesized that the reasons for revision in younger patients would be different from the general older population of patients undergoing THA because of the differences in diagnoses, complexity of deformities, and differences in activity level.MethodsData for 108 hips in 82 patients who underwent primary THA at our institution before the age of 35 years from 1982-2007 and subsequently underwent revision THA were reviewed. Operative reports and clinic notes were reviewed to determine baseline characteristics, reason for revision, timing of revision, and components revised.ResultsThe mean age at index surgery was 25.4 years, and mean time from index to revision surgery was 10.1 years. The most common preoperative diagnoses included avascular necrosis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, developmental dysplasia of the hip, and posttraumatic arthritis. The most common reasons for revision were acetabular loosening (30.1%), femoral loosening (23.7%), and polyethylene wear (24.7%). 8.3% of patients underwent primary THA with highly cross-linked polyethylene, while the remainder of the patients underwent THA when conventional polyethylene was used. There was no statistically significant association between which component(s) were revised and initial fixation (ie cemented or uncemented prosthesis) (P = .26).ConclusionCauses of revision in this population appear to differ from the general THA population. In young patients, acetabular loosening, femur loosening, and polyethylene wear were the most common causes of revision. Instability and infection were less common compared with literature reports of causes of revision in older patients. Findings in this study may be useful in counseling young patients undergoing THA, though results were likely influenced by the use of conventional rather than highly cross-linked polyethylene in this cohort.     

Serum Metal Ion Levels in Cementless Metal-On-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty: Long-Term Follow-Up Trends

Background

Long-term trends in serum metal ion concentration after metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty (THA) are unclear. In most studies, serum metal ion levels increase initially and remain constant during follow-up. However, there are no previous studies that evaluate the metal ion level longitudinally at multiple intervals over the long term. Increasing metal ion levels during the long-term follow-up of patients who underwent cementless MoM THA has been seen, so this study investigated those trends.

The Cost-Effectiveness of Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients 80 Years of Age and Older

Background

This study investigates the cost-effectiveness of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients 80 years old.

Acute Delayed Infection: Increased Risk in Failed Metal on Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty

Adverse local tissue reactions occurring in metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty (MoM THA) could potentially lead to secondary failure modes such as dislocation or infection. The authors report a series of 124 patients treated with MoM hip arthroplasty between 2006 and 2010 with a minimum follow-up of 3 years. Eight hips presented with acute delayed or late periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) (defined as an infection occurring after 3 months in an otherwise well functioning implant). The rate of infection observed was higher than expected, almost 4 times higher (5.6%) compared to previous historical cohorts from our institution (1.3%). This high risk of infection in patients with DePuy ASR implants requires further study but we theorize that the increased prevalence of infection could be due to a combination of particulate debris, molecular (rather than particulate) effects of Co and Cr ions on soft tissues, and/or products of corrosion that may change the local environment predisposing to infection.     

Ureaplasma urealyticum Infection in Total Hip Arthroplasty Leading to Revision

We describe an infection with Ureaplasma urealyticum causing rapid loosening of a cemented total hip arthroplasty. When reviewing the literature we found that no such case has been reported previously. Taking intraoperative cultures for U urealyticum during revision surgery is not a standard procedure. In cases with rapid, presumed aseptic, loosening of a total hip arthroplasty, an infection with U urealyticum should be considered.     

Long-Term Results of Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty Using a Modern Extensively Porous-Coated Femoral Stem

BackgroundThe use of an extensively porous-coated uncemented cobalt-chrome monoblock femoral stem for revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) is well established with excellent mid-term results. The aim of this study is to report the long-term survivorship of these implants in femoral stem revisions.MethodsThis is a long-term retrospective review of prospectively collected data of 55 femoral stem revisions in 55 patients using a contemporary, cementless extensively porous-coated cobalt-chrome monoblock stem. All patients between 2001 and 2006 who underwent first time femoral stem revision with a contemporary, cementless extensively porous-coated cobalt-chrome monoblock stem were included. Harris Hip Score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index, and University of California Los Angeles activity scores were recorded preoperatively and at latest follow-up. Radiographs were analyzed for evidence of loosening, subsidence, osteolysis, and bony union. This study included 55 patients, comprising of 36 females (66%) and 19 males (34%) with a mean age of 66.4 ± 9.3 years at the time of surgery. The mean time interval from index procedure was 9.8 ± 2.9 years. Mean time from revision THA to final follow-up was 13.2 ± 2.17 years with a minimum of 10 years of follow-up.ResultsIndications for revision included aseptic loosening (33), prosthetic joint infection (13), and periprosthetic fracture (10). Significant improvement in Harris Hip Score (85.1 ± 1.77 vs 51.8 ± 2.3, P < .001), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index (17.6 ± 0.77 vs 33.3 ± 0.8, P < .001), and University of California Los Angeles (5.25 ± 0.2 vs 2.7 ± 0.36, P < .001) scores were found at latest follow-up compared to preoperative. Fifty-four patients (98%) achieved stable bony ingrowth on radiographic analysis. All 10 patients treated for periprosthetic fractures achieved bony union of their fractures. Two patients suffered intraoperative periprosthetic fractures and were treated with a cable-plating system. There were no mechanical failures and no femoral stem re-revisions. One patient was diagnosed with a deep infection and was treated with chronic suppressive antibiotic therapy due to significant medical comorbidities.ConclusionRevision of the femoral component with a contemporary extensively porous-coated cobalt-chrome femoral stem has excellent functional outcomes, radiographic outcomes, and long-term survivorship with minimal complications.     

Impact of Perioperative Urinary Tract Infection on Surgical Site Infection in Patients Undergoing Primary Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundThe literature lacks clear consensus regarding the association between postoperative urinary tract infection (UTI) and surgical site infection (SSI). Additionally, in contrast to preoperative asymptomatic bacteriuria, SSI risk in patients with preoperative UTI has been incompletely studied. Therefore, our goal was to determine the effect of perioperative UTI on SSI in patients undergoing primary hip and knee arthroplasty.MethodsUsing the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, all patients undergoing primary hip and knee arthroplasty were identified. Univariate and multivariate regressions, as well as propensity matching, were used to determine the independent risk of preoperative and postoperative UTI on SSI, reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsPostoperative UTI significantly increased the risk for superficial wound infection (OR 2.147, 95% CI 1.622-2.842), deep periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) (OR 2.288, 95% CI 1.579-3.316), and all SSIs (superficial and deep) (OR 2.193, 95% CI 1.741-2.763) (all P < .001). Preoperative UTI was not associated with a significantly increased risk of superficial infection (P = .636), PJI (P = .330), or all SSIs (P = .284). Further analysis of UTI present at the time of surgery using propensity matching showed no increased risk of superficial infection (P = 1.000), PJI (P = .624), or SSI (P = .546).ConclusionPostoperative UTI was associated with SSI, reinforcing the need to minimize factors which predispose patients to the risk of UTI after surgery. The lack of association between preoperative UTI and SSI suggests that hip and knee arthroplasty can proceed without delay, although initiating antibiotic treatment is prudent and future prospective investigations are warranted.