Frequency of Thyroid Dysfunction in Diabetic Patients: Value of Annual Screening

A randomly selected group of 1310 adult diabetic patients attending a diabetic outpatient clinic received annual screening for thyroid disease, by estimating serum free thyroxine and TSH concentrations. The overall prevalence of thyroid disease was found to be 13.4%, and was highest (31.4%) in Type 1 diabetic females, and lowest in Type 2 diabetic males (6.9%). As a direct result of screening, new thyroid disease was diagnosed in 6.8% (89 patients) of the population screened; the commonest diagnosis was subclinical hypothyroidism (4.8%), followed by hypothyroidism (0.9%), hyperthyroidism 0.5%), and subclinical hyperthyroidism (0.5%). Female patients with Type 1 diabetes had the highest annual risk of developing thyroid disease (12.3%), but all patient groups had a higher incidence of thyroid dysfunction, compared to that reported in the general population. This study suggests that thyroid function should be screened annually in diabetic patients to detect asymptomatic thyroid dysfunction which is increased in frequency in a diabetic population.     

甲状腺激素与妊娠

本文复习了妇女妊娠期甲状腺功能的变化，以及胎儿甲状腺功能的发育并介绍了对妊娠并发甲状腺功能亢进症或甲状腺功能减退症的处理原则。     

甲状腺内注射奥曲肽治疗Graves病的疗效观察

目的 :观察甲状腺内注射奥曲肽对Graves病 (GD)患者临床症状及周围血中TRAb水平的影响 ,并探讨其机理。方法 :诊断明确的Graves病初发患者 40例 ,促甲状腺激素受体抗体 (TRAb)阳性。随机分组 ,A组口服他巴唑及心得安 ,并予奥曲肽注射液 (0 .1mg/次 ,每周 2次 )甲状腺内注射 ,共 16次 ;B组仅口服他巴唑及心得安 ,比较治疗后TRAb变化。结果 :两组均能有效控制甲亢、降低TT3 、FT4 ,但A组所需时间少于B组 ,且甲状腺缩小明显 ,眼部症状改善明显 (P <0 .0 1) ;A组TRAb 95 %转阴 ,B组为 6 0 % (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :甲状腺内注射奥曲肽治疗甲亢可较快改善症状 ,缩小甲状腺肿 ,缩短疗程 ,安全有效 ,其机理与其阻断甲状腺产生TRAb、降低TT3 、FT4 、纠正机体免疫紊乱作用有关。     

Thyroid function abnormalities during amiodarone therapy for persistent atrial fibrillation

Background

Many patients receiving amiodarone therapy are male. The long-term risk for amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction in these patients has not been systematically and prospectively investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction in a large male cohort.

Methods

This is a substudy of a prospective randomized controlled trial (SAFE-Trial) in which amiodarone, sotalol, and placebo for persistent atrial fibrillation were evaluated. For the purpose of this substudy, sotalol and placebo groups were combined into a control group. Serial thyroid function tests were performed over 1-4.5 years. Of the 665 patients enrolled in the SAFE-Trial, 612 patients were included in this sub-study.

Results

Subclinical hypothyroidism, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level 4.5-10 mU/L, was seen among 25.8% of the amiodarone-treated patients and only 6.6% of controls (P <.0001). Overt hypothyroidism, TSH level >10 mU/L, was seen among 5.0% of the amiodarone-treated patients, and only 0.3% of controls (P <.001). By 6 months, 93.8% of the patients who developed TSH elevations above 10 mU/L on amiodarone had been detected. There was a trend toward a greater proportion of hyperthyroidism, defined as a TSH <0.35 mU/L, in the amiodarone group compared with the control group (5.3% vs 2.4%, P = .07).

Conclusions

Hypothyroidism developed in 30.8% of older males treated with amiodarone and in only 6.9% of the controls. Hypothyroidism presented at an early stage of therapy. Hyperthyroidism occurred in 5.3% of amiodarone treated patients, and was a subclinical entity in all but 1 case.     

Thyroid disease and hypothyroidism are associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes: A systematic review,meta-analysis,and meta-regression

Background and aimsCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) still becomes a global burden that affected people in different groups. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between thyroid disease and the outcome of COVID-19 patients.MethodThis was a meta-analysis study from articles obtained through a systematic literature search to investigate the relationship between thyroid disease and COVID-19 outcomes. Composite poor outcomes comprised of severity, mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and hospitalization.ResultsA total of 31339 patients from 21 studies included in this study. Thyroid disorder was associated with increased composite poor outcome (risk ratio (RR) 1.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.53, 2.27], p < 0.001; I2 = 84%, p < 0.01), this included higher disease severity (RR 1.92 [1.40, 2.63], p < 0.05; I2 = 86%, p < 0.01), ICU admission (RR 1.61 [1.12, 2.32], p > 0.05; I2 = 32%, p < 0.05), mortality (RR 2.43 [1.44, 4.13], p < 0.05; I2 = 83%, p < 0.01), and hospitalization (RR 1.28 [1.17, 1.39], p < 0.05; I2 = 0%, p < 0.96). Meta-regression analysis indicated that age (p = 0.002) was a significant influence that affects the association. Also, the presence of unspecified thyroid disease (RR 1.91 [1.38, 2.65], p < 0.05; I2 = 81%, p < 0.01) and hypothyroidism (RR 1.90 [1.45, 2.55], p < 0.05; I2 = 85%, p < 0.01) during admission were associated with poor outcomes.ConclusionThyroid abnormalities increased the risk of COVID-19 composite poor outcomes and were influenced by the patient's age. Abnormal thyroid and hypothyroidism, but not hyperthyroidism, were associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes.     

Graves病患者血清TSAb、TBII和TGI的联合检测及临床价值

同时检测Ｇｒａｖｅｓ病（ＧＤ）患者血清甲状腺刺激抗体（ＴＳＡｂ）、甲状腺生长免疫球蛋白（ＴＧＩ）和ＴＳＨ结合抑制免疫球蛋白（ＴＢＩＩ），并对部分病例停药后随访半年。结果显示：（１）ＧＤ未治组ＴＳＡｂ、ＴＢＩＩ和ＴＧＩ的活性与阳性率均显著高于ＧＤ缓解组和停药组，后两组差异无显著性，但其抗体的活性与阳性率仍高于正常对照组。（２）三种自身抗体的活性与血清甲状腺激素水平无显著相关性，但ＴＧＩ与甲状腺肿大程度显著正相关。（３）停药时ＴＳＡｂ、ＴＢＩＩ和ＴＧＩ均阳性或阴性者，停药半年内的复发率分别为０．７７８和０．０６６。提示联合测定甲状腺特异性抗体对阐明ＧＤ的发病机制、观察治疗效果、判断复发或缓解具有重要意义。     

突触前膜列阵蛋白1在成年期甲状腺功能减退症大鼠前额叶的表达

目的研究成年期甲状腺功能减退症(甲减)大鼠前额叶突触小体内突触前膜列阵蛋白1(syntaxin-1)的表达量及甲状腺素替代治疗后的恢复状况。方法用丙硫氧嘧啶建立成年期大鼠甲减模型共6 w,第5～6周分别给予5μg/100 g和20μg/100 g体重的左甲状腺素(左旋T4)腹腔注射,采用Western印迹方法分析甲减组、小剂量左旋T4替代治疗组、大剂量左旋T4替代治疗组及对照组大鼠前额叶syntaxin-1的表达情况。结果甲减组大鼠血清T3、T4水平低于对照组(P<0.05),前额叶内syntaxin-1的蛋白表达水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);小剂量左旋T4替代治疗后,血清T3、T4恢复至正常水平,syntaxin-1蛋白的表达与对照组无明显差异(P>0.05);大剂量替代治疗后血清T3、T4高于正常,syntaxin-1蛋白表达的恢复更接近正常水平(P>0.05)。结论成年期甲减大鼠前额叶内syntaxin-1蛋白表达减少;左旋T4替代治疗能使其恢复,恢复的程度与治疗的剂量有关。     

Graves病131I治疗前后甲状腺激素水平与细胞因子相关性探讨

目的通过研究Graves病（GD）患者^131I治疗前后多种细胞因子（CK）的变化与甲状腺功能的相关性，探讨GD的发病机制。方法对45例GD患者分别于^131I治疗前后检测FT4、FT3TSH、IL-2．IL-6、IL-8的水平。30例正常人做对照。结果GD治疗前，FT4、FT3、IL-6、IL-8水平明显升高（P〈0．01、P〈0．05），TSH、IL-2的水平明显下降（P〈0．01）。随着病情缓解，治疗后FT4水平恢复正常（P〉0．05），FT3、TSH水平接近对照组（P〈0．05），IL-2的水平较治疗前明显升高（P〈0．01），但仍低于对照组（P〈0．05）。而IL-6水平明显下降（P〈0．05），但仍高于对照组（P〉0．05），IL-8水平则与治疗前相比，变化不显著（P〉0．05）。直线回归和相关分析：IL-2与FT4、FT3成线性负相关（P〈0．001，P〈0．01），IL-6与FT4、FT3成线性正相关（P〈0．01，P〈0．05），而IL-8与FT4、FT3不相关（P〉0．05）。结论结果表明，GD发病机制中，IL-2、IL-6及IL-8均参与其中，IL-2及IL-6在一定程度上可能参与GD的发病过程，可作为临床评价病情和疗效的参考指标。     

甲状腺疾病与脑血管病

甲状腺疾病与脑血管病的关系日益受到关注。研究显示,甲状腺疾病与缺血性脑血管病、烟雾病、脑静脉窦血栓形成、动脉夹层分离等多种脑血管病有关。文章对甲状腺疾病与脑血管病相关性的研究进展进行了综述。