Recommendations for evaluating agents for the reduction of dentinal hypersensitivity

*The following committee members were nominated by the Council on Dental Therapeutics and appointed by President Bentley: Dr. Major M. Ash, Jr., Professor and Chairman, Department of Occlusion, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan; Dr. Mohandas Bhat, Assistant Professor, Department of Community Dentistry, Case Western Reserve University; Dr. Nabil Bissada, Professor and Chairman, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Case Western Reserve University; Dr. Sebastian G. Ciancio, Professor and Chairman, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, State University of New York at Buffalo; Dr. Louis P. Gangarosa, Professor and Coordinator of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia; Dr. Hans Graf, Chairman, Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Bern (Switzerland); Dr. Isreal Klineberg, Chairman, Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook; Dr. Joseph A. Kanapka, Assistant Director, Dental Research, Vicks Research Center; Dr. Synguck Kim, Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics, College of Dental and Oral Surgery, Colombia University; Dr. Walter T. McFall, Jr., Professor, Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina; Dr. Patricia A. McGrath, Director, Pain Research Unit, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Western Ontario; Dr. David A. Pashley, Professor, Department of Oral Biology-Physiology, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia; Dr. Gerald Silverman, Private Practice, Hartford, Connecticut. Chairing the committee meeting were the following American Dental Association Staff Members: Dr. Kenneth H. Burrell, Assistant Secretary, Council on Dental Therapeutics; Dr. Conrad A. Naleway, Director, Division of Chemistry, Council on Dental Therapeutics; Dr. Helmut Zander, Special Consultant for Scientific Affairs, American Dental Association. The committee was funded by the American Fund for Dental Health through the support of the Block Drug Company, the John O. Butler Company, the Mentholaltim Company, and Richardson-Vicks, Inc.     

BOOKS

Book reviewed in this article:
Pathology of tumours of the oral tissues, ed 4 R. B. Lucas, MD
Endodontics, ed 3 John Ide Ingle, DDS, MSD, and Jerry F. Taintor, DDS, MS
Proceedings of the International Prosthodontic Symposium Restoration of the partially dentate mouth J. F. Bates, BDS, MSC, DDS; D. J. Neill, DFC, MDS, FDS; and H. W. Preiskel, MDS, MSC, FDS
Fundamentals of dental radiography, ed 2 Lincoln R. Manson-Hing, DMD, MS
Clinical outline of oral pathology: diagnosis and treatment, ed 2 Lewis R. Eversole, DDS, MSD     

Book Reviews

Claude R. Rufenacht, with contributions from: Robert P. Berger, CDT Robert L. Lee, DDS, MS, Robert L. Nixon, DMD, Giano Ricci, MD, DDS, MScD, Harold M. Shavell, DDS. Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc, Chicago, IL, 1990
Jeffrey P. Okeson, 5th edition. Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc, Chicago, IL, 1995
Edited by Daniel Buser, Christer Dahlin, and Robert K. Schenk. 1st edition. Quintessence Publishing Company, Inc, Chicago, IL, 1994     

The Control of Transmissible Diseases in Dental Practice: A Position Paper of the American Association of Public Health Dentistry*

This paper was developed in support of a resolution subsequently passed by the American Association of Public Health Dentistry (at the Annual Meeting held in San Francisco, California, October 30-November 1, 1985) by the Ad Hoc Committee on Infectious Diseases, Stephen B. Corbin, DDS, MPH, Chairman; and Aljernon Bolden, DMD, MPH; Margaret Scarlett, DMD; Joel Boriskin, DDS; Reginald Louie, DDS, MPH; Jan Goldsmith, DDS, MPH; Robert Finton, MSPH; Willard Cates, MD, MPH; John Ward, MD; Mark Kane, MD, MPH; and Michael Roberts, DDS, MScD, members.     

The chemical element content of mixed unstimulated saliva from a healthy subject

The levels of 21 chemical elements (N, Na, Mg, P, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Ag, Sb, Hg) were measured in 52 normal subjects aged 18 to 35 years with the use of a complex of instrumental methods including the neutron activation and x-ray fluorescence analysis. Effects of day time, season, sex and age on salivary composition were examined. The measured concentrations of chemicals in mixed nonstimulated saliva were different in each individual; some of them were liable to change only in the course of 24 hrs, therefore the time for saliva collection had to be strictly defined: 10-12 a.m. were found the optimal hours for saliva collection. Neither sex, nor age, nor season influenced the concentrations of the examined 21 chemicals, except Hg whose concentration grows with age.     

Immediate loading of hydroxyapatite-coated implants in the maxillary premolar area: three-year results of a pilot study

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Although immediate loading of implants in the edentulous mandible has been described in the literature, there is limited information regarding immediate loading of single implants. PURPOSE: This prospective clinical study evaluated the clinical parameters of immediately loaded single-threaded hydroxyapatite-coated (HA) root form implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten human subjects were included in this report. In all situations, a screw-retained provisional acrylic resin crown was placed in the maxillary premolar area immediately after implant surgery. Definitive screw-retained metal-ceramic prostheses were placed 6 months after surgery. Standardized periapical radiographs were made before implant surgery, immediately after surgery, and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 36 months after implant surgery. Mobility (measured with the Perio-Test), distance from implant platform to the gingival crevice, distance from the implant platform to the depth of the sulcus, peri-implant probing depth, and bleeding on probing index were recorded at 3, 6, 12, and 36 months after implant placement. For clinical measurements, a 5-mm healing abutment was placed. RESULTS: All implants appeared clinically osseointegrated. Standardized radiographs demonstrated mean marginal bone loss of 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0 mm at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 36 months after implant surgery, respectively. Mean implant mobility was -3.3 at the day of surgery and -3.8, -3.4, -3.6, and -4.2 at 3, 6, 12, and 36 months, respectively. The distance from implant platform to the gingival crevice was 2.8, 2.4, 2.4, and 3.1 mm at 3, 6, 12, and 36 months, respectively. The distance from the implant platform to the depth of the sulcus was 0.8, 0.9, 0.9, and 1.1 mm at 3, 6, 12, and 36 months, respectively. The peri-implant probing depth was 3.6, 3.3, 3.2, and 4.3 mm at 3, 6, 12, and 36 months, respectively. The bleeding on probing index was 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, and 0.1 at 3, 6, 12, and 36 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of this prospective pilot study provide initial evidence that single root form implants may be immediately loaded when placed at the maxillary premolar area.     

PCR－RDB技术检测中国籍OSCC及OLK患者中的HPV

目的：研究口腔鳞癌（OSCC）及口腔白斑（OLK）中国患者中的人乳头瘤病毒（Human Papillomavirus, HPV）感染率。方法：提取35例OSCC及35例OLK患者病损组织DNA,通过聚合酶链式反应结合反向点杂交技术（Poly－merase Chain Reaction-Reverse Dot Blot Hybridization, PCR-RDB）检测23型HPV DNA,包括HPV6,11,16,18,31,33,35,39,42,43,45,51,52,53,56,58,59,66,68,73,81,82和83。结果：35例OSCC及35例OLK患者中HPV DNA均为阴性。结论：HPV感染在中国的OSCC及OLK患者中非常见分子事件。     

BOOK REVIEWED

Book Review in this article
Donabedian, Avedis, et al. Medical Care Chart Book. 5th ed. Ann Arbor, University Michigan, School Public Health, Bureau Public Health Economics.
McKeown, Joe, Everybody's tooth book. Santa Cruz, Calif., Happy Valley Apple Press
Surface Chemistry and Dental Integuments by Andrew Lasslo, PhD, and Ronald P. Quintana, PhD, Editors, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Medical Units, Memphis, Published by Charles C. Thomas of Springfield, Illinois
"Psychology and Dentistry; Selected Readings," compiled by William A. Ayer and Richard D. Hirschman, c1972. Published by Charles C. Thomas, Publishers, Springfield, Illinois.     

成人口腔念珠菌感染易感因素的多元分析

为进一步探讨口腔念珠菌病的易感因素，本研究运用ＡＮＡＬＹＳＴ统计分析软件包，对１１６例成年口腔念珠菌病患者和７６例健康对照组的多种易感因素，进行了１９２个样本六大类易感因素的数量化理论判别和回归分析。结果表明，对成人口腔念珠菌感染发病影响最大的是伴有全身疾病及其他口腔粘膜病这一类因素，其中以大手术后、放疗后及口干综合征等，患该病的可能性最大；其次是发病前用抗生素和皮质激素；吸烟、职业、戴义齿及性别对念珠菌病的发生有一定影响，但不起决定作用。     

大鼠CP与IgAN复合模型临床参数及病理改变的研究

目的：通过比较SD大鼠慢性牙周炎组、IgA肾病（IgA Nephropathy,IgAN）组及复合（IgAN＋CP）组的临床参数、光镜、电镜及免疫荧光的变化,探讨CP的发生发展是否与IgAN有相关性。方法：40只SD大鼠随机分为4组,每组10只：对照组、CP组、IgAN组、复合组;于16周末处死大鼠,留取血、尿及肾组织标本检测,并进行统计学分析。检测指标：血肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）、蛋白尿、血尿、肾组织光镜、电镜及免疫荧光。结果：通过相关检测,IgAN组、复合组Scr、BUN及尿蛋白明显高于对照组、CP组,复合组显著高于IgAN组,复合组大鼠出现血尿的个数高于其他各组。肾脏病理显示,IgAN组、复合组肾脏HE、PAS及Masson染色评分明显高于对照组、CP组,且复合组高于IgAN组;IgAN组和复合组肾组织病理显示系膜细胞及系膜基质增生伴肾间质纤维化,复合组系膜区IgA沉积及临床参数病变均较重,复合组荧光表达强于IgAN组,CP组荧光表达不典型,对照组无荧光表达,电镜报告与病理结果一致。结论：复合组大鼠血肌酐、尿素氮、血尿、尿蛋白、病理及免疫荧光改变更显著,CP促进大鼠IgA肾病肾损伤和肾功能的进展,同时IgAN也可促进CP的进展,说明CP与IgAN有一定相关性。     

Physical properties of root canal cements.

AH26, Diaket, Kerr sealer, Mynol, N2, N2 no-lead, Procosol, Roth 801, Roth 811, RC2B, Tubliseal, and zinc oxide-eugenol cement were examined for particle size, flow, setting time, adhesion, and peripheral leakage. The results varied in a wide range. An examination of the data should help the generalist or the endodontist toward a better understanding of the material he is using, and should suggest to manufacturers opportunities for improving their products.     

Soft-tissue lesions in children

This article reviews some of the benign and malignant oral soft-tissue swellings that occur in children, with an emphasis on their clinical presentation, etiology, histopathology, and treatment. These lesions include single and multiple nodules, reactive lesions, and benign and malignant neoplasms. Diseases discussed include reactive gingival swelling, generalized gingival fibromatosis, melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy, fibromas, vascular lesions, salivary gland lesions, and infantile rhabdomyomas. Also covered are lesions that may present in multiples, such as neuromas, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b, neurofibromatosis, and human papilloma virus-related benign epithelial lesions. Benign but locally aggressive and malignant neoplasms are discussed, such as aggressive fibromatosis, myofibromatosis, fibrosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma.     

Book Reviews

Edited by Charles McNeill. Quintessence Publising Co, Inc, Chicago, IL, 1997
Stephen L. G. Rothman, MD. Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc, Chicago, IL, 1998
Joseph A. Regzi and James J. Sciubba, 3rd edition. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA, 1999     

右下第三磨牙拔牙后疼痛的脑激活区PET研究

目的：研究右下第三磨牙拔除4h后疼痛状态下的脑激活区分布,探讨不同脑区的参与状况及其作用。方法：筛选口颌系统功能及形态正常的志愿者4名,设拔牙前一天利多卡因阻滞麻醉4h后的PET检查为对照组,拔牙4h后感到明显疼痛时（VAS≥5）的PET检查为实验组。统计参数图分析。结果：左侧大脑豆状核、尾状核、小脑前叶山顶、BA3、BA4、BA8,BA9、BA10、BA19、BA32、BA45区域有明显的代谢升高。结论：左侧大脑豆状核、尾状核、额中回、中央前回、额下回、中央后回、边缘叶海马旁回、小脑前叶山顶有明显的葡萄糖代谢升高;右侧大脑额中回、边缘叶前扣带回、额内侧回是右下第三磨牙拔牙活动所激活的脑区。     

Oral manifestations of drug therapy

Increasingly, patients with complicated medical problems are coming to dental offices for treatment. These patients report using a variety of medications to control one or more chronic conditions. Many of these medications produce changes in the mouth because of toxic overdoses, side effects, allergic reactions, or as a consequence of the primary action of the drug. These effects include: xerostomia, gingival hyperplasia, candidiasis, mucositis, stomatopyrosis, gingival bleeding, petechia, salivary gland problems, intrinsic stain, cheilitis, erythema multiforme, lichen planus, ulcerations, taste changes, tardive dyskinesias, and soft tissue pigmentation. This article discusses presentations and causes of oral changes secondary to systemic drug use.     

Dental materials: 1980 literature review. Part 2

This paper, which is presented in two parts, reviews the work on dental materials published in 1980 Included in Part 2 are sections on dental biomechanics, amalgam, corrosion, casting alloys, soldering, electroplating, magnetic materials, metals and alloys for orthodontic use. Part 1 included sections on composite filling materials, fissure sealants, microleakage, dental ceramics, acrylic resins, impression materials, dental cements, adhesion, endodontic materials, model, die, mould and investment materials.     

Book Reviews

Edited by Bill Kimball and Steven Seltzer. Seltzer Institute Publishing, Harvard, MA.
Bernard G. N. Smith, BDS, PhD, MSc, MRD, FDSRCEng, FDSRCSEdin, Third Edition. Mosby, St. Louis, MO.
Edited by Carl E. Misch. Mosby, Inc, St. Louis, MO.     

Long-term in vitro fluoride release and rerelease from orthodontic bonding materials containing fluoride.

The purpose of this study was to compare in vitro long-term (30 month) fluoride release and rerelease rates (after fluoride exposure) from 3 orthodontic bonding materials containing fluoride and 1 without fluoride. Ten samples of each material (Python, TP Orthodontics, LaPorte, Ind; Assure, Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, Ill; Fuji Ortho LC, GC America, Alsip, Ill; and Transbond XT, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) were fabricated and stored in deionized distilled water at 37 degrees C. Five samples had fluoride-release rates measured at days 546, 637, 730, 821, and 913 after initial fabrication, and 5 samples were exposed to fluoride (Nupro 2% NaF gel, Dentsply Canada, Woodbridge, Ontario, Canada) for 4 minutes at day 535 and had measurements taken on days 546, 548, 552, 575, 637, 730, 821, and 913. To prevent cumulative measurements, the storage solutions were changed 24 hours before measurement. Statistically significant differences were found in fluoride-release rates (P <.0001), with Fuji Ortho LC releasing the most fluoride, followed by Python and Assure at all time points in the nonfluoride exposed group. In the fluoride-exposed group, there were significant differences in fluoride release (P <.0001), with Fuji Ortho LC releasing the most fluoride. A "burst-effect" pattern of fluoride release was seen after fluoride exposure for all materials. It was concluded that Fuji Ortho LC, Assure, and Python might have sufficient long-term fluoride-release rates to reduce white spot formation, and all are recommended as suitable fluoride-releasing orthodontic bonding materials.     

Legal considerations in the management of cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVES: To inform professionals providing care to individuals with cleft lip and palate on the legal aspects and organizations available to protect individuals with this alteration, and to advocate that cleft lip and palate should be considered a handicap, even though it is provisional and may be rehabilitated, to assure afflicted individuals basic rights and complete personal, social, and economic welfare. DESIGN: Literature review on the issue, including assessment of national and international laws, doctrines, and jurisprudences; conceptual analysis of the word "handicapped" in dictionaries. Analysis included the federal constitutions of Brazil, France, Argentina, Spain, Cuba, Italy, China, Portugal, Japan, Great Britain, and Colombia, regarding the protection of handicapped people. RESULTS: Constitutional protection of handicapped people is a recent issue that has been addressed only in the last few decades in some countries such as Brazil, Italy, Spain, China, and Portugal. The Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 addresses the protection of handicapped people to assure them access to social and individual rights, freedom, security, welfare, development, equality, and justice as supreme values of a fraternal, pluralist, and prejudice-free society. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with cleft lip and palate should be included in national policies for integration of handicapped people, in agreement with programs of human rights, establishing a collaborative action between state and society. This would assure their inclusion in the socioeconomic and cultural context and equal opportunities in society, without privileges or paternalism.