1999年～2001年上海市医院抗组胺药应用分析

目的 :分析上海市医院抗组胺药的应用情况 ,供生产、营销、应用等部门参考。方法 :调查上海市47家医院1999年～2001年抗组胺药主要品种、用量、金额、DDDs以及临床的评价和不良反应。结果与结论 :抗组胺药品种变化不大 ,用量2001年有所下降 ,目前最常用的为西替利嗪、氯雷他定和酮替芬等。报道的心脏毒性发生率虽然极低 ,亦应警惕。     

1999年～2001年上海市47家医院抗组胺药应用分析

目的 :分析上海市47家医院抗组胺药的应用情况 ,供生产、营销、应用等部门参考。方法 :调查上海市47家医院1999年～2001年抗组胺药主要品种、用量、金额、DDDs以及临床的评价和不良反应。结果与结论 :抗组胺药品种变化不大 ,用量2001年有所下降 ,目前最常用的为西替利嗪、氯雷他定和酮替芬等。报道的心脏毒性发生率虽然极低 ,亦应警惕     

1999至2001年上海市抗抑郁药用量分析

目的：了解上海市抗抑郁药的用药情况和发展趋势。方法：利用上海市医院用药分析系统(HPDIS)提供的上海市47家医院1999至2001年抗抑郁药用药信息。根据限定日剂量(DDD)、DDD数(DDDs)、购药金额，分析上海市47家医院近3a抗抑郁药的药物利用情况。结果：上海市抗抑郁药总体利用情况呈逐年上升趋势。氟西汀是最常用的抗抑郁药，帕罗西汀次之，三环类抗抑郁药(TCAs)用量明显下降，新型抗抑郁药初露端倪。结论：上海市抗抑郁药用量呈上升趋势。选择性5-HT再摄取抑制剂(SSRIs)正在取代传统的三环类药物。     

2000年～2003年上海地区消化性溃疡药物应用分析

目的了解上海地区医院治疗消化性溃疡药物的应用情况及变化趋势。方法以限定日剂量数为指标对上海市47家医院2000年～2003年治疗消化性溃疡药物用药数据进行统计、分析。结果药品销售总金额基本正常,DDDs呈逐年下降趋势。结论H2受体拮抗剂用药频率最高。     

2000年～2003年上海地区消化性溃疡药物应用分析

目的:了解上海地区医院治疗消化性溃疡药物的应用情况及变化趋势.方法:以限定日剂量数为指标对上海市盯家医院2000年～2003年治疗消化性溃疡药物用药数据进行统计、分析.结果:药品销售总金额基本正常,DDDs呈逐年下降趋势.结论:H2受体拮抗剂用药频率最高.     

2001年～2003年上海市骨质疏松症药物应用分析

目的:了解2001年～2003年上海市骨质疏松症药物应用状况,以供医院、生产企业参考.方法:根据长江流域六大城市医院用药分析数据库2001年～2003年数据,按不同种类统计、排序、分析.结果与结论:2001年～2003年上海市骨质疏松症药物医院用药总量呈稳步上升,分别为107.1%、107,5%、105.1%.维生素D3类的销售金额3年分别占总金额的44.8%、43.4%、47.3%;双膦酸盐类分别为22.7%、23.4%、24.4%;降钙素类分别为19.2%、23.5%、22.4%;性激素类、钙制剂类呈下降趋势.外资企业生产药、合资企业生产药比重有所下降,国产企业生产药比重有所上升.     

近3年上海市47家医院治疗前列腺增生症药物的应用分析

目的:对治疗前列腺增生症药物在上海市医院的应用情况作出客观评估,供生产、营销、使用等部门参考。方法:调查上海市47家医院1999年～2001年该类品种的用量、金额、DDDs以及临床应用评价。结果:治疗前列腺增生症药物近年来总的用量在上升,但品种变化不大,主要为非那甾胺。坦索罗辛和舍尼通。结论:治疗前列腺增生症药物是一类常用药物,目前价格较贵,建议国内加快研究与开发,提倡应用国产品。     

近3年上海市47家医院治疗前列腺增生症药物的应用分析

目的:对治疗前列腺增生症药物在上海市医院的应用情况作出客观评估,供生产、营销、使用等部门参考。方法:调查上海市47家医院1999年～2001年该类品种的用量、金额、DDDs以及临床应用评价。结果:治疗前列腺增生症药物近年来总的用量在上升,但品种变化不大,主要为非那甾胺、坦索罗辛和舍尼通。结论:治疗前列腺增生症药物是一类常用药物,目前价格较贵,建议国内加快研究与开发,提倡应用国产品。     

2002～2004年上海市48家样本医院大环内酯类抗生素应用情况分析

目的：了解近年来上海市医院大环内酯类抗生素应用的情况,供生产、营销、使用等部门参考.方法：分析上海市48家样本医院应用的品种、金额、数量以及DDDs等.结果：大环内酯类是近年来抗生素中增速最快的一类药物,阿奇霉素、罗红霉素、克拉霉素用量上升明显.交沙霉素、乙酰螺旋霉素、琥乙红霉素用量呈下降趋势.结论：大环内酯类药物市场前景较好.     

武汉地区医院大环内酯类抗生素用药分析

目的：分析1999～2003年武汉地区21家医院大环内酯类抗生素的消耗情况。方法：以上海食品药品监督管理局科技情报所长江流域医院用药信息库获取的资料进行分析。结果：5年来武汉地区21家医院大环内酯类用量快速递增，其中以阿奇霉素、克拉霉素用量增长幅度较大。结论：增长的原因除了与阿奇霉素、克拉霉素的药代动力学特征优势外，还与大环内酯类临床适应证的扩大及多种制剂进入医保目录有关。应同时加快仿制开发新的大环内酯类药物。     

Role of the liver in the disposition of intravenous nitroglycerin in the rat

Previous studies have indicated that the liver is the main site of nitroglycerin (NTG) elimination when the drug is systematically infused. To examine this hypothesis, we measured the apparent systemic clearance (Cls) of nitroglycerin in anesthesized rats receiving a constant intravenous infusion at a dose of 100 micrograms per kg per min. Animals were divided into shunt and sham groups; the former had undergone a portal vein ligation 10 days prior to the study, while the latter was subjected to a sham operation. On the study day, half of the animals of each group also received probenecid at 200 mg/kg, i.v., a drug previously reported to inhibit organic nitrate ester reductase (ONER) activity in rat liver. Arterial NTG samples were obtained at 41, 43 and 45 min of infusion in all four experimental groups; Cls was 439 +/- 32 ml per kg per min (mean +/- S.E.) in sham, 460 +/- 44 in sham and probenecid, 477 +/- 39 in shunt, and 461 +/- 34 in shunt and probenecid animals. During NTG infusion, hepatic blood flow (measured with a constant infusion of indocyanine green) was decreased markedly in shunted rats as was liver/body weight, indicating hepatic atrophy. The specific activity of hepatic ONER was similar in all four groups. In spite of marked differences in hepatic blood flow and hepatic mass, the Cls was similar in all four groups. The liver does not appear to be a major site for the elimination of systemic nitroglycerin as hitherto assumed.     

半导体激光治疗老年人压疮疗效观察

目的探讨半导体激光局部照射治疗老年人压疮疗效.方法:收集2012年1月-2015年6月48例压疮患者,分为半导体组和常规组各24例.常规组采用常规治疗,半导体组采用半导体激光加常规治疗,10 d为1个疗程,不超过3个疗程.疗程结束后比较两组疗效.结果:半导体组压疮愈显率为83.33％,创面愈合时间为(12.75±5.51)d,常规组分别为54.17％和(19.63±8.65)d,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),两组均未见不良反应.结论:半导体激光加常规治疗压疮效果肯定,无明显不良反应,且操作简便.     

Nifedipine in the treatment of hypertension in the elderly

The effect of nifedipine monotherapy, retard tablets, 20 mg bid, was evaluated in 23 hypertensive patients, mean age, 79 +/- 2 years. Twenty-one patients completed an eight-week study. Blood pressure (BP) decreased to 160/90 mm Hg in 15 patients; in four additional patients diastolic BP dropped by 15% to 28%. In a subset of five patients with isolated systolic hypertension, a significant reduction in systolic BP was noted. Side effects were relatively mild and only two patients discontinued the study. The results suggest that nifedipine monotherapy offers an alternative, logic, therapeutic approach to hypertension in the elderly.     

HACCP在学校集体食堂卫生管理中的应用研究

目的 通过HACCP在学校集体食堂管理中的应用,提高食品卫生水平,保障学生的身体健康。方法 HACCP原则。结果 食品卫生达到较高水平,极大地减少了食物中毒的发生。结论 提示HACCP原则可在学校集体食堂的卫生管理中发挥有效作用。     

The role of the gut flora in the reduction of sulphinpyrazone in the rat

Sulphinpyrazone underwent both reduction to a sulphide and oxidation to a sulphone after parenteral administration to normal Wistar rats. Oral administration was associated with a bioavailability of about 75% and with a 3-fold greater formation of the sulphide. However, no sulphide was detected in the plasma after oral administration of sulphinpyrazone to germ-free (BD/X) rats or normal rats treated with oral antibiotics. In vitro studies showed that the major site of reduction of sulphinpyrazone was the contents of the hind gut with little activity detected in the liver or other tissues. The sulphide was oxidised in vivo to sulphinpyrazone and small amounts of sulphone, while the latter underwent only slight reduction to sulphinpyrazone, but did not give detectable levels of the sulphide. These data suggest that the gut microflora are the main site of reduction of sulphinpyrazone in the rat in vivo.     

Pharmacological analysis of the participation of the catecholaminergic system in the development of the abstinence syndrome in rats

The behavioural activity of rats in "the open field" was studied. It was revealed that rats alcoholized for 8 months do not practically differ in their behavioural indicators from the intact ones. After the discontinuation of alcohol marked disturbances appear in their behaviour, that are arrested by apomorphine (0,1 mg/kg). In intact animals dopamine (50 mkg into the brain ventricles) induces behavioural disorders similar to those in rats during abstinence. Noradrenaline does not induce similar disorders. A conclusion is made on the dopaminergic nature of disorders in the behaviour of rats in the state of alcohol abstinence.     

Problems in the evaluation of hypnosis in the treatment of alcoholism

Although hypnotherapy has been applied to alcoholism for over a century and is accepted by the AMA as a medically valid technique, the effectiveness of hypnosis in treating alcoholics remains controversial. Systematic evaluation has been hampered by the unique role of hypnosis as a cultural artifact, by problems in defining and verifying hypnotic intervention, by individual and situational variation in hypnotizability, and by difficulty in separating hypnosis from the therapies to which it is applied. Clinicians using hypnosis are likely to continue to base their claims for its effectiveness on intuition, especially since no study has demonstrated that hypnotherapy is contraindicated for patients requesting its use.