肾上腺偶发瘤66例报告

目的探讨。肾上腺偶发瘤的临床特征和诊治措施。方法回顾性分析66例。肾上腺偶发瘤的临床资料。结果定位诊断准确率：B超84．3％,CT 100％,MRI 100％;定性诊断准确率：B超30．0％,CT75．5％,MRI79．2％;手术60例：皮质腺瘤32例,肾上腺囊肿6例,髓性脂肪瘤5例,嗜铬细胞瘤5例,肾上腺转移性癌3例,皮质癌3例,神经节瘤3例,神经鞘瘤1例,血肿1例,肾上腺皮质结节增生1例。结论肾上腺肿瘤筛查首选B超、CT、MRI,定位诊断准确;定性诊断应综合肿瘤大小、影像学特征、患者年龄及内分泌功能测定。疑诊嗜铬细胞瘤或定性诊断不明需手术时,应按嗜铬细胞瘤行术前准备。     

肾上腺肿瘤的影像学表现与病理对照分析

目的：探讨肾上腺肿瘤影像学表现的病理基础及在诊断中的价值。方法：总结71例肾上腺肿瘤患者的临床资料，对照分析肾上腺肿瘤的影像学表现与病理类型间的关系。结果：手术治疗63例，术后病理：嗜铬细胞瘤20例，皮质腺瘤27例，皮质腺癌5例，髓性脂肪瘤4例，囊肿5例，节细胞神经纤维瘤2例。转移癌3例经临床随访证实。嗜铬细胞瘤、皮质腺瘤、髓性脂肪瘤和囊肿的B超、CT及MRI的影像学改变各有其特点。结论：综合分析多种检查的影像学特点对判定肾上腺肿瘤的病理类型有一定的帮助。     

肾上腺偶发瘤46例临床分析

目的探讨肾上腺偶发瘤的诊断与治疗方法。方法回顾性分析46例肾上腺偶发瘤患者的临床资料。结果45例行肾上腺肿瘤切除或肾上腺切除术,经术后病理证实为：皮质腺瘤29例,囊肿2例,髓性脂肪瘤5例,嗜铬细胞瘤3例,皮质腺癌2例,节细胞神经瘤2例,神经鞘瘤1例,淋巴瘤1例,术前确诊10例。随访41例,其中2例皮质腺癌患者及1例转移瘤患者在随访中均死亡,余38例获随访3个月～15年,无肿瘤复发。结论全面系统影像学及实验室检查有助肾上腺偶发瘤的定性诊断,年龄小于60岁实质性肾上腺偶发瘤患者应积极手术治疗。     

肾上腺疾病的CT诊断（25例分析）

材料与方法：本组25例，男14例，女11例，年龄5～67岁。肾上腺皮质腺瘤5例，嗜铬细胞瘤6例，转移瘤4例，肾上腺髓样脂肪瘤2例，肾上腺皮质增生3例，肾上腺神经母细胞瘤1例，肾上腺皮质腺癌1例，肾上腺干酪性结核2例，肾上腺囊肿1例。     

86例肾上腺偶发瘤临床分析

目的 提高肾上腺偶发瘤（AI）的诊断与鉴别诊断水平,指导临床治疗。方法 回顾性分析我院2005年1月至2011年12月因健康体检或肾上腺疾病以外原因就诊发现的86例肾上腺偶发瘤患者的临床资料,并复习国内外相关文献。结果 86例AI患者中84例（97.7%）接受手术治疗,后腹腔镜手术55例（64.0%）,其中4例中转开放手术,有内分泌功能肿瘤37例（43.0%）,术后病检确诊皮质腺瘤40例,嗜铬细胞瘤24例,髓性脂肪瘤8例,囊肿5例,皮质腺癌2例,肾上腺皮质结节样增生2例,转移性肿瘤1例,血管平滑肌脂肪瘤1例,神经节细胞瘤1例。81例良性肿瘤随访1-6年未见复发,3例转移性肿瘤均在2年内死于原发肿瘤,2例皮质腺癌中1例术后11个月死于广泛转移,1例随访2年3个月仍存活。结论 影像学检查结合内分泌检测有助于AI的定位及定性诊断,明确诊断的〈3cm的肾上腺囊肿、血肿及髓性脂肪瘤可随访观察除外,其余AI均应积极手术,腹腔镜手术是AI的首选术式。     

肾上腺腺瘤与转移瘤的CT诊断体会

肾上腺肿瘤种类繁多，以转移瘤、腺瘤、嗜铬细胞瘤及皮质腺癌较常见。CT是诊断肾上腺肿瘤较有价值的方法之一。笔者收集肾上腺腺瘤17例与转移瘤12例，现将其CT诊断报道如下。     

肾上腺肿瘤彩色多普勒表现特点初步分析

分析 8例肾上腺肿瘤彩色多普勒表现 ,发现嗜铬细胞瘤和腺癌有富于血管的特点 ,腺瘤、髓样脂肪瘤、节细胞神经瘤均无血流信号 ;嗜铬细胞瘤侵犯肾动脉时 ,患侧肾动脉流速明显增高 ;观察肿瘤血管改变对肿瘤鉴别诊断有一定意义。     

肾上腺病变36例的计算机体层扫描、磁共振成像诊断分析

目的：为探讨肾上腺病变计算机体层扫描（CT）、磁共振成像（MRI）特点及其诊断。方法：对该院1996－2001年收治的并经手术病理证实的36例肾上腺病变进行回顾性分析,所有病例均作了CT、MRI检查。结合病理,分析CT、MRI的影像特点。结果：腺瘤14例及肾上腺皮质增生4例,CT和MRI诊断准确率分别均为75％和100％;髓样脂肪瘤10例及嗜铬细胞瘤3例,皮质腺癌2例,转移瘤3例,CT和MRI诊断准确率均为100％。结论：薄层CT增强扫描仍为肾上腺病变影像诊断的主要方法,MRI在肾上腺病变的影像诊断中具有重要价值。     

肾上腺肿瘤的CT影像学表现

目的:探讨肾上腺肿瘤CT表现及鉴别诊断要点。方法:回顾性分析30例经手术及病理证实的肾上腺肿瘤CT资料。结果:30例肾上腺肿瘤中:腺瘤16例,嗜铬细胞瘤5例,皮质腺癌3例,转移瘤3例,神经纤维瘤2例,髓性脂肪瘤1例。结论:CT对肾上腺肿瘤的检出率较高,在定性诊断上也具有重要的价值。     

肾上腺偶发瘤42例临床分析

目的:进一步提高对肾上腺偶发瘤的诊治水平。方法:回顾分析手术证实的42例肾上腺偶发瘤的临床资料。结果:肾上腺偶发瘤经病理证实皮质腺瘤多见,为24例,嗜铬细胞瘤8例,囊肿5例,髓样脂肪瘤2例,皮质腺癌2例,转移癌1例,神经节纤维瘤1例。结论:肾上腺偶发瘤中大部分为皮质和髓质肿瘤,因此,需在术前做内分泌检查,确定有无功能;对直径>3cm的无功能肿瘤及有功能或疑有恶变的需手术治疗;而<3cm无功能肿瘤可定期随访。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.