胰器官内淋巴管的研究

应用光镜和电镜的观察方法研究了新生儿尸体的胰器官肉淋巴管的微细分布及超微结构。结果是在胰小叶间结缔组织内存在有丰富的毛细淋巴管及淋巴管，在胰被膜内有较多的淋巴管。而胰小叶内，胰岛内部及其周围均未见到毛淋巴管，仅有丰富的毛细血管，胰的毛细淋巴管具有其他器官毛细淋巴管超微结构的特点。     

小鼠胰腺淋巴管的分布及其与胰岛的关系

目的:探讨小鼠胰腺淋巴管的形态分布及其结构特点。方法:对小鼠胰组织切片进行HE染色,5核苷酸酶(5-Nase)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)双重染色,光镜、透射电镜、扫描电镜二次电子和背散射电子图像(SEI/BEI)观察。结果:小鼠胰腺的淋巴管结构较典型,在胰腺的小叶间结缔组织内,较大淋巴管与血管和导管相互伴行;毛细淋巴管起自胰腺腺泡周围,并且均匀地分布于整个小叶内;小叶内有单独走行的集合淋巴管,亦存在与血管并行情况;在胰岛内部未发现毛细淋巴管,但胰岛周围可见丰富的毛细淋巴管。结论:小鼠胰腺小叶间和小叶内结缔组织中,均有淋巴管分布;胰岛内部虽无淋巴管,但胰岛与周围毛细淋巴管的关系较密切。     

胰淋巴管的微细分布

为探讨胰小叶内是否存在淋巴管，用５′－核苷酸酶－碱性磷酸酶双重染色，半薄、超薄切片，光镜和电镜下观察了兔胰淋巴管的微细分布。结果表明，胰的淋巴管仅见于胰小叶间的结缔组织内。在胰小叶内，包括胰岛内均无淋巴管，只见到丰富的血管     

睾丸间质细胞及淋巴管的超微结构

目的　探明睾丸间质细胞及淋巴管的超微结构。方法　灌流固定后半薄超薄切片光镜和电镜下观察。结果　睾丸间质细胞有二种亚群 ,各有其特点。淋巴管存在于纵隔内 ,小叶内未见典型淋巴管。结论　睾丸间质细胞分明细胞和暗细胞二种 ,纵隔内有丰富的淋巴管及毛细淋巴管 ,而小叶内则存在广泛的淋巴间隙     

新生儿腮腺的器官内淋巴管

用普鲁士蓝甲苯溶液淋巴管间接注射法、动脉内墨汁硝酸银水溶液注入法和电镜观察方法研究了１００侧新生儿腮腺器官内淋巴管的微细分布和超微结构。在腮腺小叶间结缔组织中存在较多的毛细淋巴管和淋巴管；在腮腺被膜内也存有淋巴管。但于腮腺小叶内未见到有毛细淋巴管和淋巴管，而仅有丰富的毛细血管。腮腺器官内淋巴管的超微结构具有一般淋巴管的超微结构特点。     

家兔肺内淋巴管的微细分布

目的：研究家兔肺内淋巴管的微细分布,探讨肺泡隔内是否存在淋巴管。方法：采用5′-核苷酸酶-碱性磷酸酶双重染色法(5′-Nase-ALP)、半薄切片光镜观察、超薄切片电镜观察。结果：(1)肺内淋巴管存在于富含结缔组织区,延伸至呼吸性细支气管区,不延伸至肺泡区,呼吸性细支气管外膜下可见毛细淋巴管,肺泡隔内未见毛细淋巴管和淋巴管,仅见到大量呈蓝色的毛细血管。(2)伴行肺动脉的淋巴管为肺深淋巴管系的主流,其末梢向小叶中央延伸到末级微动脉附近。(3)伴行肺静脉的淋巴管位于静脉外膜边缘的结缔组织中,与肺泡紧密相邻。结论：肺泡隔内无淋巴管,肺内淋巴管起始于呼吸性支气管。     

整片组织免疫染色显示淋巴管构筑

目的探讨整片组织内淋巴管免疫染色,并与间接注射法和组织切片免疫染色法比较。方法用普鲁士蓝间接注射新生儿肝被膜内淋巴管,观察肝浅淋巴管的构筑。通过火棉胶切片分析肝浅淋巴管的流向。取人大腿皮肤,作石蜡切片和冷冻切片,免疫染色后观察淋巴管的分布。取大鼠耳和背部的皮肤、膈和小肠,将整片组织作免疫染色,观察组织内淋巴管构筑。结果间接注射普鲁士蓝可显示淋巴管构筑和流向,但淋巴管染色缺乏特异性。组织切片免疫染色可显示淋巴管分布,然而不能准确地分析淋巴管密度。整片组织的免疫染色很理想,毛细淋巴管盲端、毛细淋巴管网和淋巴管丛清晰可见。结论整片组织免疫染色能够很好地显示组织内完整的淋巴管构筑。     

结扎大鼠胸导管诱发胰组织结构的形态学变化

目的 观察胰淋巴淤滞动物模型胰组织结构变化和胰淀肽沉积情况,探讨淋巴淤滞对胰组织细微和超微结构的影响. 方法 10月龄大鼠20只,采用腹部结扎大鼠胸导管,建立胰淋巴淤滞动物模型,造模后6个月取材,部分胰组织经石蜡包埋切片,行HE和刚果红染色;部分经冷冻切片,行免疫组织化学染色和光镜观察;部分标本进行透射电镜样品制备和观察. 结果 HE和刚果红染色切片光镜观察显示,胰腺小叶间隙增宽,呈明显的结缔组织增生、脂肪堆积;胰岛淡染或着朱红色,组织间隙明显增宽.免疫组织化学染色切片光镜观察显示,在胰岛及其周围,呈现胰淀肽强阳性棕褐色着色反应.超薄切片透射电镜观察显示,胰腺小叶间隙增宽,可见血管和扩大的淋巴管;胰岛细胞间隙增宽,细胞间隙内可见大量脂滴样物质和胶原原纤维样结构.结论 胸导管结扎可导致胰淋巴引流障碍,引起胰淋巴管扩张,结缔组织间隙增宽,脂肪堆积,胰岛细胞间隙扩大,胰淀肽沉积等,这些结构变化可能影响胰岛的功能.     

家兔鼻粘膜和咽壁内淋巴管的分布

用半薄切片光镜观察和超薄切片电镜观察的方法研究了家兔鼻粘膜和咽壁内淋巴管的微细分布。在鼻粘膜固有层的浅层存有毛细淋巴管，汇入深层的淋巴管。鼻粘膜呼吸部淋巴管的检出率明显高嗅部，咽粘膜层，粘膜下层，肌层和外膜均有存有毛细淋巴管，除粘膜层外，还存有淋巴管。     

家兔和沙鼠胃壁内淋巴管的微细分布

本文应用半薄切切片光镜观察和超薄切片电镜观察的方法研究了家兔和沙鼠胃壁内淋巴管的微细分布。家兔和沙鼠胃的粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜层均存有毛细淋巴管网,并除粘膜层外,还存有淋巴管。粘模层常见到呈盲端的毛细淋巴管,位于胃腺之间。家兔胃壁内淋巴管的检出率(21.9%)较沙鼠的(9.7%)为高。     

Demonstration of the intralobular lymphatics in the guinea pig pancreas by an enzyme-histochemical method

Intralobular lymphatics in the guinea pig pancreas were demonstrated enzyme-histochemically showing the extent, distribution and fine structure by combined light and transmission electron microscopy. 5'-nucleotidase(5'-Nase)-positive lymphatic vessels were present throughout the pancreas. Intralobular lymphatics among the acini were comparatively rare and generally independent of the blood capillaries, pancreatic ducts and acini. These lymphatics revealed the usual structural features, such as typical intercellular junctions and very tenuous vascular walls without continuous basal laminae. Fine precipitates of the cerium-based reaction product for 5'-Nase activity were found to be associated with cell membranes of the lymphatic endothelium and pinocytotic vesicles. Lymphatics were not closely related to the endocrine islets, although alkaline phosphatase(ALPase)-positive blood capillaries were well developed. Collecting lymphatic vessels with valves with weaker 5'-Nase activity were also detected in the interlobular connective tissue. ALPase activity, absent in the lymphatics, was positive in the blood capillaries, suggesting that it is also a useful way of demonstrating, histochemically, the blood capillaries in the guinea pig pancreas.     

Forms of lung lymphatics: A scanning electron microscopic study of casts

In a recent study, rats given monocrotaline underwent angiogenesis on their pleural surfaces. The rats also had novel structures in their bronchovascular bundles that were detected by scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts. These vessels could have been either new blood capillaries or dilated lymphatic capillaries. To determine if these structures were lymphatics or new blood vessels, specimens from animals that were undergoing angiogenesis were compared to those that were not. Finding similar structures in normal animals would imply that they were lymphatic. The second purpose of this work was to describe the three-dimensional anatomy of the lymphatics of the lung. Cast lymphatics were found in most lungs with edema or angiogenesis, but were rare in other conditions. The vascular structures in question were found in animals not undergoing angiogenesis and were, therefore, lymphatic. Additionally, scanning electron angiogenesis and were, therefore, lymphatic. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy of casts showed several distinct forms of lymphatics in the lung. Prelymphatics are tissues planes beneath the pleura and around bronchovascular structures. They join reservoir, conduit or tubulo-saccular lymphatics. Reservoir lymphatics are broad ribbon-like structures with textured surfaces and small laterally branching pouches. They occur on the pleural surface, are closely linked with prelymphatics, and join conduit lymphatics. Conduit lymphatics are tubular structures that may contain valves, twist and go great distances without accepting tributaries. On the pleural surface, they may wind around blood vessels and vary greatly in diamater. Sacculo-tubular lymphatics surround arteries, veins and bronchioles. They have thin walls with wide saccular segments. They may be so dense that they form cylinders around the vessels or airways. Different forms of lung lymphatics suggest different function and potential. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Forms of lung lymphatics: a scanning electron microscopic study of casts.

In a recent study, rats given monocrotaline underwent angiogenesis on their pleural surfaces. The rats also had novel structures in their bronchovascular bundles that were detected by scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts. These vessels could have been either new blood capillaries or dilated lymphatic capillaries. To determine if these structures were lymphatics or new blood vessels, specimens from animals that were undergoing angiogenesis were compared to those that were not. Finding similar structures in normal animals would imply that they were lymphatic. The second purpose of this work was to describe the three-dimensional anatomy of the lymphatics of the lung. Cast lymphatics were found in most lungs with edema or angiogenesis, but were rare in other conditions. The vascular structures in question were found in animals not undergoing angiogenesis and were, therefore, lymphatic. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy of casts showed several distinct forms of lymphatics in the lung. Prelymphatics are tissues planes beneath the pleura and around bronchovascular structures. They join reservoir, conduit or tubulo-saccular lymphatics. Reservoir lymphatics are broad ribbon-like structures with textured surfaces and small laterally branching pouches. They occur on the pleural surface, are closely linked with prelymphatics, and join conduit lymphatics. Conduit lymphatics are tubular structures that may contain valves, twist and go great distances without accepting tributaries. On the pleural surface, they may wind around blood vessels and vary greatly in diameter. Sacculo-tubular lymphatics surround arteries, veins and bronchioles. They have thin walls with wide saccular segments. They may be so dense that they form cylinders around the vessels or airways. Different forms of lung lymphatics suggest different function and potential.     

大鼠胃壁淋巴管形态分布的实验研究

本文用光镜和透射电镜观察了饱食与饥饿状态下大鼠胃壁淋巴管的微细分布、出现率和形态结构的特点，结果表明：两组大鼠胃壁内淋巴管的出现率及在各层内的分布均无显著差异。粘膜层仅见毛细淋巴管，其它各层可见毛细淋巴管和淋巴管。光镜下饱食鼠胃壁内毛细淋巴管和淋巴管的管腔较大且饱满，而饥饿鼠相同区域的毛细淋巴管和淋巴管的管腔较小，形态更加不规则。电镜下也可见到饱食鼠毛细淋巴管的管壁较平整，皱褶与质膜突起较少，而饥饿鼠毛细淋巴管壁较厚，皱褶和质膜突起较多。     

结肠的器官内淋巴管

本文对家兔、大白鼠和豚鼠的结肠器官内淋巴管进行了光镜和电镜观察。结肠粘膜层毛细淋巴管位于肠腺底与粘膜肌之间。粘膜下层毛细淋巴管位于粘膜肌直下方;淋巴管多位子其深方。肌层和浆膜层存有毛细淋巴管和淋巴管。毛细淋巴管内皮细胞质中有大量的囊泡,囊泡与细胞质膜有密切关系,淋巴管内皮细胞间的连接主要有三种形式,即重叠连接、指状插入连接和端端连接。淋巴管壁存有内皮内管道。     

家兔舌淋巴管分布的酶组织化学法观察

应用５＇－核苷酸酶－碱性磷酸酶（５＇－Ｎａｓｅ－ＡＫＰａｓｅ）双重染色法，观察了兔淋巴管的微细分布。光镜下可见舌的毛细淋巴管和淋巴管呈５＇－核苷酸酶染色强阳性反应，管壁显示明显的棕色或深棕色，而毛细血管或血管的碱性磷酸酶的反应则显示强阳性，管壁呈现明显的蓝色。研究证明，在舌粘膜固有层存有丰富的毛细淋巴管和淋巴管；于舌肌层肌纤维束间的结缔组织内也可见毛细淋巴管及淋巴管。