艾司洛尔对瑞芬太尼靶控全麻拔管期心血管反应的影响

目的:观察艾司洛尔对瑞芬太尼靶控全麻拔管期心血管反应的影响。方法:选择ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级瑞芬太尼靶控全麻手术患者40例,随机分为对照组(A组)和艾司洛尔组(B组),每组20例。术毕待有拔管指征时,A组静注生理盐水10 ml,B组静注艾司洛尔1.0 mg/kg。给药后2 min吸痰拔管。记录用药前,拔管即刻,拔管后1、3、5 minHR、SBP、DBP,并计算收缩压-心率乘积(RPP)。结果:A组拔管即刻和拔管后1、3 minHR、SBP、DBP、RPP均显著高于给药前(P<0.01),B组拔管即刻DBP显著高于给药前(P<0.05)。B组拔管各时点HR、RPP均显著低于A组(P<0.01或P<0.05),SBP、DBP在拔管时和拔管后1 min显著降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),拔管后3 min DBP显著低于A组(P<0.05)。结论:艾司洛尔可有效缓解瑞芬太尼靶控全麻拔管期心血管反应。     

不同剂量艾司洛尔对老年患者全麻气管拔管时心血管反应的作用

目的观察不同剂量艾司洛尔对老年患者气管拔管时心血管反应的作用。方法将80例择期手术病人随机分为A(对照组),B(艾司洛尔0.5mg/kg组),C(艾司洛尔1.0mg/kg组),D(艾司洛尔1.5mg/kg组)。4组拔管前分别静注生理盐水20mL、艾司洛尔0.5、1.0和1.5mg/kg(将艾司洛尔稀释至20mL),记录病人给药前、拔管时、拔管后1、3、5min时收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR),并计算心率和收缩压乘积(RPP)。结果A组拔管时及拔管后1minSBP、DBP、HR和RPP显著高于给药前(P<0.01);B组拔管时SBP、DBP、HR和RPP显著高于给药前(P<0.01),拔管后1minSBP、DBP、HR和RPP显著低于A组(P<0.05);C、D两组拔管时SBP、DBP、HR和RPP显著低于A、B两组(P<0.05),拔管后1minSBP、DBP、HR和RPP显著低于A组(P<0.01);C、D组拔管后5minSBP、RPP显著低于给药前(P<0.05),但D组有2例用药后发生严重心动过缓。结论静注艾司洛尔1.0mg/kg对老年患者气管拔管时的心血管反应作用效果较好且安全性更大。     

艾司洛尔预防双腔气管导管拔管期心血管反应的临床观察

目的观察艾司洛尔预防双腔气管导管拔管期心血管反应的效果。方法40例ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级择期胸科手术行双腔气管插管患者,随机分为对照组（C组）和艾司洛尔组（E组）,每组20例。术毕患者完全清醒拔管前,C组静脉注射生理盐水5mL,E组静脉注射艾司洛尔1.0mg/kg,2min后进行吸痰、拔管。记录用药前、拔管时刻、拔管后1、3、5minHR、SBP、DBP、心肌耗氧量（RPP）。结果E组拔管即刻DBP较用药前高（P〈0.05）,C组HR、SBP、DBP、RPP拔管即刻和拔管后1、3min高于用药前（P〈0.01）和E组（P〈0.05）,C组HR、RPP拔管后5min较E组高（P〈0.05）。结论艾司洛尔可有效预防双腔气管拔管期的心血管反应。     

艾司洛尔对全麻拔管期心血管反应的影响

目的　观察艾司洛尔对全麻拔管期心血管反应的影响。方法　选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期手术患者 40例 ,分成 2组 :对照组于拔管前 2min静脉注射生理盐水 5ml ;艾司洛尔组于拔管前 2min静脉注射 1.5～ 2 .0mg/kg艾司洛尔。分别监测给药前、拔管前、吸引、拔管即刻及拔管后 1、3、5、10min的SBP、DBP、HR及计算HR×SBP(RPP)。结果　对照组拔管前后血流动力学指标均变化较大 (P <0 .0 5)。艾司洛尔组SBP、DBP与给药前相比差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5) ,HR、RPP在拔管前、吸引时、拔管即刻及拔管后 1、3、5min与给药前相比明显降低 (P <0 .0 5)。结论　艾司洛尔 1.5～ 2 .0mg/kg可安全、有效地预防全麻拔管期心血管反应     

艾司洛尔对全麻拔管期心血管反应的临床观察

目的观察艾司洛尔对全麻后拔管期心血管反应的影响.方法 60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期手术病人随机分为2组,对照组(A组,30例)和艾司洛尔组(B组,30例).全麻术后患者呼之睁眼,分别静脉给予等容量生理盐水(A组)和艾司洛尔0.5 mg/kg(B组),记录入室后、拔管前、拔管时、拔管后1、2、4、10 min时的心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO)2、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP),并计算RPP(HR和SBP乘积).结果 A组HR和RPP于拔管时[HR(110.5±9.5)次/min,RPP 2 220±275]至拔管后4 min内[HR(102.7±14.1)次/min,RPP 1 902±220]与B组[拔管时(HR88.5±6.5)次/min,RPP 1 607±212];拔管后4 min内[HR(87.7±10.5)次/min,RPP 1 487±276]比较P<0.05,SpO2、SBP及DBP组间比较无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论艾司洛尔可防止全麻拔管引起的HR和RPP的增加,可安全、有效地抑制全麻气管拔管心血管反应.     

艾司洛尔预防全麻时插管及拔管期心血管反应的临床观察

超短效β-受体阻滞药艾司洛尔(ESM)用于31例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级全麻手术患者,随机分为Ⅰ组(不用药15例)和Ⅱ组(ESM1mg/kg),预防全麻插管及拔管时心血管反应。结果显示Ⅱ组于插管即刻至插管后2minHR和RPP较Ⅰ组显著下降(P＜0.05),并且于插管5min后血压、心率及RPP渐趋于稳定,与诱导前比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05)。Ⅱ组SBP、DBP拔管即刻低于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05);HR和RPP于拔管即刻至1min时Ⅱ组明显减于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05)。提示艾司洛尔对由气管插管和拔管引起的心血管副反应可起到预防作用。     

不同剂量艾司洛尔对气管拔管时心血管反应的预防作用

目的 :观察不同剂量艾司洛尔对气管拔管时心血管反应的预防作用。方法 :将 1 75例择期手术病人随机分为A(对照组 ) ,B(0 .5mg/kg组 ) ,C(1 .0mg/kg组 ) ,D(1 .5mg/kg组 )和E(2 .0mg/kg组 )五组 ,拔管前分别静注生理盐水 1 0ml,艾司洛尔 0 .5mg/kg ,1 .0mg/kg ,1 .5mg/kg ,2 .0mg/kg。记录病人给药前、拔管时、拔管后 1 ,3,5 ,1 0min时收缩压 (SBP)、舒张压 (DBP)、心率 (HR) ,并算出相应的脉率收缩压乘积 (RPP)。结果 :A组拔管时SBP ,DBP ,HR ,RPP及拔管后 1minDBP ,HR ,RPP显著高于给药前 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;B组拔管时DBP ,HR ,RPP显著高于给药前(P <0 .0 1 ) ,拔管时及拔管后 1minSBP ,HR ,RPP显著低于A组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;C ,D ,E三组拔管时SBP ,DBP ,HR ,RPP显著低于A ,B两组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,拔管后 1minSBP ,HR ,RPP显著低于A组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;拔管后 3minC ,D两组SBP ,D ,E两组HR ,C ,D ,E三组RPP显著低于A组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;D组拔管后 3～ 1 0minHR ,RPP ,E组拔管时及拔管后 1～ 1 0minHR ,RPP显著低于给药前 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但E组有 3例用药后发生心动过缓。结论 :静注艾司洛尔 1 .5mg/kg对气管拔管时的心血管反应预防效果较好且无副作用发生     

曲马多复合丙泊酚对老年患者气管拔管期反应的临床观察

目的 观察曲马多复合丙泊酚对老年患者气管拔管时血流动力学和儿茶酚胺的影响. 方法 选择全麻术毕送PACU的老年患者40例,均为上腹部开腹手术,ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ级择期全麻手术患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组20例.观察组于术毕拔管前给予静脉注射曲马多1.0 mg/kg和丙泊酚0.5 mg/kg;对照组给予10 ml生理盐水静脉缓慢推注,3-5 min后 予吸痰拔管.连续监测观察组和对照组拔管前5 min、拔管即刻、拔管后5 min 3个时点的心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)及氧饱和度(SpO2);观察呛咳及恶心呕吐发生情况;同时于拔管即刻及拔管后10 min各采血4ml,检测血浆肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)浓度. 结果 对照组拔管时HR、SBP、DBP、MAP显著升高,拔管后5 min仍未恢复到术前水平;观察组拔管时HR、SBP、DBP、MAP较对照组更为平稳;两组各指标比较均差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).观察组拔管即刻与拔管后10 min E、NE比较无显著性差异;对照组患者拔管后10 min E较拔管即刻明显增高,与观察组比较有统计学差异(P＜0.05),NE拔管即刻与拔管后10 min比较无明显变化,与观察组比较亦无显著性差异.中重度呛咳率观察组发生例数少于对照组(P＜0.05);两组间恶心、呕吐发生率差异无统计学意义. 结论 老年患者在拔除气管导管前给予曲马多复合丙泊酚能有效预防拔管时老年患者应激反应,且不良反应少.     

喉罩全麻在人工听骨植入术中的应用研究

目的观察喉罩全麻应用于人工听骨植入术中的安全性和优越性。方法 80例ASA I～Ⅱ级需要择期手术治疗的中耳炎患者,根据手术类型分为两组:喉罩通气组(L组;中耳成形+人工听骨植入术)和气管插管组(T组;单纯中耳成形术)。在麻醉前即刻(T0)、插管前即刻(T1)、插管后即刻(T2)、插管后3 min(T3)、拔管前即刻(T4)、拔管后即刻(T5)、拔管后3 min(T6)记录SBP、DBP和HR;比较两组拔管期的呛咳反应程度和麻醉恢复时间。结果喉罩组和气管插管组T1时SBP、DBP均显著低于T0时(P<0.05);气管插管组T2时HR及T5时SBP、DBP和HR较T0时显著升高(P<0.05);组间比较T2时气管插管组SBP、DBP和HR均显著高于喉罩组(P<0.05),T5时气管插管组SBP和HR显著高于喉罩组(P<0.05);拔管期T组呛咳发生率、自主呼吸恢复时间和拔管至清醒时间明显高于喉罩组(P<0.05)。结论喉罩全麻特别适用于人工听骨植入术的麻醉管理,易于维持血流动力学稳定,应激反应轻微,有效避免了拔管时呛咳引起的手术失败。     

艾司洛尔对老年患者全麻拔管时心血管反应的预防作用

目的 观察艾司洛尔对老年患者气管插管全麻拔管时心血管反应的预防作用.方法 将80例择期手术患者随机分为A(对照组)组,B(艾司洛尔组)组.两组拔管前分别静注生理盐水10ml、艾司洛尔1.0mg/kg(将艾司洛尔稀释10ml),记录患者给药前、拔管后1、3、5min时收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR).结果 A组拔管时及拔管后1、3、5min SBP、DBP、HR显著高于给药前(P＜0.05);B组各时间的SBP、DBP、HR显著低于A组(P＜0.05),与给药前相比较,各时间的SBP、DBP、HR差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 拔管前静注艾司洛尔对老年患者气管拔管心血管反应的预防作用效果确切、且具有较大安全性.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.