全动脉化冠状动脉旁路移植术的应用与疗效观察

目的探讨全动脉化冠状动脉旁路移植术的手术技术.方法42例接受全动脉化冠状动脉旁路移植术的患者,其中男性37例,女性5例,年龄28～73岁,平均(57.43±7.45)岁.体外循环下搭桥16例,非体外循环下心脏不停跳搭桥26例.人均旁路3.08支(1～5支),左乳内动脉(IMA)34例,双侧IMA 8例,左侧桡动脉(RA)33例,双侧RA 9例,胃网膜右动脉(GEA)1例. 结果术后仅1例患者因多器官功能衰竭死亡(死亡率2.4%),41例(97.6%)症状明显改善,康复出院.结论全动脉化搭桥手术早期临床效果满意.     

自体桡动脉在冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用

探讨 2 8例桡动脉 ( RA )应用于冠状动脉旁路移植术的手术技术和临床经验。2 8例中 ,男 2 6例 ,女 2例 ;年龄 3 8～ 73岁 ,平均 ( 5 3 .3 2± 8.72 )岁 ;体外循环下搭桥 6例 ,非体外循环下搭桥 2 2例 ( 75 .7% ) ;全动脉化搭桥 2 4例 ( 85 .7% ) ,双侧 RA9例 ,左侧乳内动脉 ( IMA) 2 8例 ,双侧 IMA7例 ,胃网膜右动脉 1例。人均搭桥3 .15支 ( 2～ 5支 ) ,序贯吻合 5例 ,“Y”型吻合 2例 ,室壁瘤切除 ,左心室几何成形术 1例。2 7例顺利康复 ( 96.4% ) ,因多器官功能衰竭死亡 1例 ( 3 .6% )。认为自体 RA是理想的第二种动脉移植物 ,远期通畅率高 ,适合于各种冠状动脉搭桥术     

全动脉化冠状动脉旁路移植74例

目的:介绍全动脉化冠状动脉旁路移植（CABG）的早期效果和经验。方法:74例全动脉化CABG的患者。74例患者分别在体外循环（CPB）和非CPB下行CABG。应用左乳内动脉（IMA）1例,左IMA加单挠动脉（RA）14例,左IMA加双RA 54例,双IMA加双RA 3例,双RA 2例。人均搭桥4.7（17）支,序贯吻合66例,“Y”和“T”型吻合分别为15和6例。结果:围手术期无死亡。本组患者随访518（平均12.2）个月,均恢复良好,无心绞痛症状再发。多普勒和16排CT示血管桥无狭窄通畅。结论:全动脉化CABG取得好的早期效果,是一种值得积极推广的方法。     

189例重症冠心病的冠状动脉旁路移植术临床分析

目的:提高重症冠心病人冠状动脉旁路移植术的手术疗效。方法:回顾性分析189例重症冠心病的冠状动脉旁路移植术资料。其中应用体外循环157例,非体外循环32例;搭桥数1～6(平均3.49±1.04)支/人。对手术方法、主要并发症和术后处理进行分析总结。结果:二次开胸4例(2.1％),低心排综合征9例(4.8％),应用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)4例(2.1％),反复发作房颤17例(9.0％),胸腔积液27例(14.3％),肺功能不全6例(3.2％),脑合并症3例(1.6％),肝功能不全5例(2.6％),肾功能不全6例(3.2％),死亡7例(3.7％),其余病人康复出院。结论:合理的选择病人,成熟的手术技术,良好的心肌保护,停机困难者IABP的尽早应用及术后处理的加强是提高重症冠心病人冠状动脉旁路移植术疗效的重要措施。     

48例高危冠心病体外循环辅助下不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术的临床分析

目的 探讨如何提高高危冠心病患者体外循环辅助下不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术的手术疗效.方法 选择48例高危冠心病患者采用体外循环辅助下不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术,男性32例,女性16例,对手术方法及围术期处理进行分析总结.结果 共搭桥127支,平均2.63支.使用完全静脉桥22例,全动脉化10例.平均体外循环辅助时间55 min.5例使用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP).术后早期死亡3例(6.25％),分别为低心排综合征2例、多器官功能衰竭1例.结论 冠状动脉搭桥术是治疗高危冠心病的有效方法.术中尽量减少体外循环时间、合理的手术设计、术中良好的心肌保护、灵活地使用体外循环辅助、积极应用IABP是手术成功的关键.     

280例冠状动脉旁路移植术临床分析

目的 总结分析非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)的治疗效果和临床经验.方法 1998年3月至2004年10月,280例冠心病(CAD)患者接受冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG),平均年龄63.1岁.OPCAB实施率(即OPCAB占单纯冠状动脉旁路移植术的百分比)为94.7%.合并瓣膜病变11例,合并室壁瘤9例.左室射血分数(LVEF)平均(47±14)%.5例急诊手术,2例术前放置主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP).32例在常规体外循环下手术;248例采用非体外循环心脏不停跳技术,术中改施体外循环6例.其中5例全动脉化、2例全静脉化旁路移植术.结果 平均每例远端吻合口3.31个.4例左前胸部小切口单支病变旁路移植术,其余均为正中切口、多支病变的CABG手术.死亡3例(1.07%).结论 OPCAB手术安全可行,早期效果满意,远期效果有待进一步观察.OPCAB具备独特的技术特点和方法.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术602例临床分析

目的 总结行冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病的经验.方法 回顾性分析602例冠状动脉旁路移植术病例,男性462例,女性140例；应用体外循环519例,非体外循环83例,搭桥1～6(3.62±1.15)支/人.对手术方法、主要并发症和术后处理进行分析总结.结果 二次开胸9例(1.5％),低心排综合征20例(3.3％),应用IABP 15例(2.5％),肝功能不全4例(0.7％),肾功能不全10例(1.7％),反复发作房颤21例(3.5％),肺功能不全12例(2.0％),脑合并症5例(0.8％),胸腔积液55例(9.1％).死亡9例(1.5％),其余患者康复出院.结论 合理地选择适应证,成熟的手术技术,良好的心肌保护及术后处理的加强是提高冠状动脉旁路移植术疗效的重要措施.     

冠状动脉旁路手术中动脉材料的选择与应用

目的 在冠状动脉旁路手术(CABG)中寻求动脉材料作旁路移植，减少因大隐静脉桥(SVG)阻塞对远期通畅率的影响。方法 34例冠心病患者以乳内动脉(IMA)和桡动脉(RA)作为血管桥行CABG，采用不接触血管技术制备动脉桥，应用药物防止动脉痉挛。结果 取乳内动脉35根，桡动脉20根，大隐静脉11根，平均移植血管1．94支，死亡1例，手术死亡率2．9％。结论 使用动脉材料行旁路移植术安全有效，预计能保持移植血管长期通畅。     

非体外循环下的冠状动脉旁路移植术--101例临床经验体会

目的 :探讨非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术的手术方法及手术适应证 ,并评价其初步临床结果。　　方法 :阜外心血管病医院 1996年 5月～ 1999年 12月完成非体外循环下的冠状动脉旁路移植术 10 1例 ,包括经正中切口非体外循环下的冠状动脉旁路移植术 (OPCAB)组 76例和经胸壁小切口非体外循环下的冠状动脉旁路移植术(MIDCAB)组 2 5例 ,其中 7例在胸腔镜辅助下获取内乳动脉。　　结果 :OPCAB组 76例 ,旁路移植支数平均 2 .5 9支 ,无手术死亡 ,术后并发症包括 :心室颤动并使用主动脉球囊反搏1例 ,出血二次开胸 3例 ,胸部切口感染 2例 ,肺部并发症 2例 ,肾部并发症 1例 ;MIDCAB组 2 5例 ,旁路移植支数平均1.10支 ,无手术死亡 ,围术期心肌梗塞行再次旁路移植手术 1例 ,出血二次开胸 1例 ,胸部切口感染 1例。　　结论 :对于选择的患者 ,非体外循环下 ,不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术是一项安全、有效的术式。     

老年患者原位乳内动脉行冠状动脉旁路移植术112例

目的　乳内动脉 (IMA)是当前国际上公认的最好的搭桥移植物 ,而在老年患者中使用较少 ,因为人们觉得IMA的使用会增加手术并发症发生率和死亡率 ,而且亚洲人比欧美人IMA细小 ,手术有一定难度 ,据此事实 ,作者总结了老年患者常规使用IMA搭桥的近中期效果、技术要点及手术指征。方法　自 1 997年 4月至 1 999年 9月 ,冠心病 1 68例接受了冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG)治疗 ,其中老年患者 1 1 2例 (男 1 1 0例 ,女 2例 ) ,年龄 60～ 75岁 ,平均 66 .5岁。原位IMA使用率占单纯CABG手术的 92 % ,同时行双瓣置换 2例 ,单瓣置换 8例 ,室壁瘤切除、左室成形 1 0例。结果　 1 1 1例痊愈出院 ,心绞痛消失 ,围手术期发生心肌梗死 1例 ,术后死亡 1例。近中期随访效果满意。结论　老年冠心病患者搭桥也应首选IMA ,而且可以常规使用     

Coronary steal due to bilateral internal mammary artery--pulmonary artery fistulas: a rare cause of chest pain after coronary artery bypass grafting.

A 54-year-old man with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) presented with chest pain and was found to have non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Left heart catheterization with coronary angiography demonstrated 100% occlusion of the right internal mammary artery (IMA) to the right coronary artery graft in its midsegment and a patent left IMA to the left anterior descending graft. An unusually large extensive fistulous collateral formation was observed between the right IMA and the left IMA to the pulmonary arterial system, causing left to right shunting. His angina was attributed to substantial coronary steal caused by the shunt. The patient refused any further intervention or surgery and opted for medical treatment. As a complication of CABG, IMA to pulmonary artery (PA) fistulas are rare. Thus far, more than 20 cases have been reported; most have been unilateral. This is the second reported case to date of bilateral IMA-PA fistula formation after CABG. An IMA-PA fistula should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with chest pain after CABG and can be diagnosed by selective angiography of IMA grafts.     

自体桡动脉在老年患者冠状动脉旁路移植手术中的应用

目的探讨自体桡动脉材料在老年患者冠状动脉旁路移植手术中应用的临床特点。方法总结131例老年患者(60～76岁)和92例非老年患者(41～59岁)在施行冠状动脉旁路移植手术中应用自体桡动脉的临床资料，分析老年患者使用自体桡动脉作为移植材料的特点和获取后的变化。结果采用非体外循环技术的老年患者87例，非老年患者49例，采用体外循环技术的老年患者44例和非老年患者43例。老年组应用自体桡动脉134支，平均移植3．2支，动脉桥(桡动脉 内乳动脉)2．0支，死亡1例，死于术后恶性心率失常及严重低心排；非老年组应用自体桡动脉94支，平均移植3．2支，动脉桥(桡动脉 内乳动脉)2．0支。两组均未发生术后移植血管痉挛、手臂缺血坏死或功能减退。结论自体桡动脉在老年患者冠状动脉旁路移植术中应用可获得较好的近期临床效果。     

乳内动脉─冠状动脉旁路移植术──68例外科技术探讨

本文报告６８例乳内动脉（ＩＭＡ）冠状动脉（冠脉）旁路移植术。手术均在中度低温体外循环下进行，心肌保护主要采用Ｓｔ．Ｔｈｏｍａｓ液经主动脉根部间断灌注，冠脉病变较重者加用冠状静脉窦持续逆灌。８例患者只用ＩＭＡ移植，６０例患者还同时用自体大隐静脉，应用左侧ＩＭＡ６６例，双侧ＩＭＡ２例，２例患者应用左侧ＩＭＡ作续贯式移植。ＩＭＡ与冠脉的吻合部位包括前降支６６例、对角支４例、右冠脉１例、回旋支１例。以冠脉吻合口计算，平均每例作２．８个吻合口。同期左室室壁瘤切除５例，冠脉内膜剥脱１４例。７例需安装主动脉内球囊反搏。术后３０天内死亡１例，手术死亡率１．４％，死亡原因为脑缺氧昏迷。手术存活的６７例中，６２例近期心绞痛症状消失，５例明显减轻；活动量均明显增加。远期结果有待进一步观察。结论：只要掌握好ＩＭＡ的游离和吻合技术，中国人应用ＩＭＡ作冠脉旁路移植术能取得满意的结果。     

Radial artery achieves better flowmetric results than saphenous vein in the elderly

Due to the limited life expectancy and the supposed higher morbidity with complete arterial grafting, extensive arterial graft in the elderly is still questioned. It was the aim of this study to evaluate transit time flow and clinical, biochemical and echocardiographic results of elderly patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with either saphenous vein (SV) or radial artery (RA) employed as the second conduit of choice. The present study evaluates clinical and flowmetric results of a prospective series of elderly patients (≥70 years old) undergoing RA CABG (75 patients, Group A) or SV CABG (163 patients, Group B) during isolated myocardial revascularization, performed either off-pump (OPCABG) and onpump during the last 5 years at a single academic institution (between January 2003 and December 2007). Transit time flowmetric (TTF) maximum and mean flow, pulsatility index (P.I.), and graft flow reserve (GFR) were compared. Hospital outcome was analyzed. Clinical data were compared between the two groups and one-year follow-up was completed. The two groups showed comparable preoperative and intraoperative variables. When TTF analysis was considered, patients undergoing RA grafting demonstrated a significantly higher maximum (systolic) and mean flow compared to SV grafting, either in circumflex, diagonal, and right coronary territory. Pulsatility index was significantly lower in the RA group in circumflex, diagonal, and right coronary grafts. Furthermore, when GFR was calculated significantly higher values were found in RA conduits in the circumflex, diagonal, and right coronary grafts. Comparable troponin I leakage was detected between the two groups. Postoperative variables addressing hospital outcome were similar in the two groups. When echocardiographic data were analyzed, no differences were recorded in postoperative recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction and wall motion score index. One-year follow-up showed better freedom from acute cardiovascular events in the RA group (P = 0.04). Our data show that despite comparable clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic results in elderly patients undergoing RA or SV grafting, better flowmetric results — in terms of GFR, mean flow, and Pulsatility index — can be detected in arterial conduits.     

Triple arterial coronary revascularization using the radial artery and bilateral internal mammary arteries versus the gastroepiploic artery and bilateral internal mammary arteries.

Arterial grafts are frequently used in modern coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and the benefit of the 2 internal mammary arteries (IMA) has already been established. However, the choice of the third arterial conduit, in addition to the IMA, is controversial. We have retrospectively analized perioperative and the follow-up results of patients who underwent CABG with triple arterial bypass using either the radial artery (RA) or the gastroepiploic artery (GEA) in conjunction with the bilateral IMA (BIMA). Between December 1995 and June 2001, 1,516 consecutive isolated CABG operations were performed at Shin-Tokyo Hospital. Among them the RA and BIMA were used in 96 patients (78 males, 18 females; mean age, 63.2+/-6.7 years, group R), and the GEA and BIMA in 123 patients (101 males, 22 females; mean age, 61.0+/-11.6 years, group G). Their perioperative and follow-up data were studied. The preoperative risk factors were similar between the 2 groups, except that there were significantly fewer patients with renal dysfunction in group R. The surgical results did not differ between the 2 groups; however, the GEA was more commonly used for revascularization of the right coronary artery, while the RA was used for the diagonal, circumflex or right coronary arteries. Surgical mortality and morbidity rates were not significantly different. During the follow-up period of 2.3+/-1.6 years, the event-free rates as well as the survival rates were not significantly different. CABG with either the RA or the GEA in conjunction with the BIMA can be performed safely. The surgical results as well as the follow-up results were acceptable and no significant differences between the 2 groups were observed.     

Myocardial revascularization with arterial grafts alone: our experience]

Bilateral internal mammary artery (IMA) grafting is recognized as a preferred method of myocardial revascularization. However, for multivessel coronary artery disease, saphenous veins often have to be added to complete myocardial revascularization. The right gastroepiploic artery (rGEA) has been recently recognized as a suitable arterial conduit to obtain with both IMAs a complete myocardial revascularization without conventional vein graft. From December 1985 to July 1990, 87 selected patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting using only the two IMAs and, from December 1988, the rGEA. There were a total of 220 coronary artery bypass grafts (mean 3.06/patient) and 267 coronary artery anastomoses (mean 1.21 anastomoses graft). There was one perioperative death (1.14%), 3 patients (3.5%) developed a perioperative myocardial infarction, and 7 patients (8.04%) needed a transitory inotropic pharmacological support. Two patients (2.29%) underwent reoperation for bleeding, and a third (1.14%) for sternal diastase. Fifty-five patients (63.2%) underwent postoperative angiography: 6/139 grafts (4.31%) (3 rGEA free, 2 rIMA free, 1 rIMA in situ) were occluded. After follow-up, ranging from 12 to 66 months (30.54 average), 77 patients (92.77%) were free from angina, one patient underwent reoperation 7 months later and a third died for sudden death 55 months after the operation. There were no gastric complications due to rGEA harvesting. Actually, bilateral IMA grafting is the best investment for the patient who needs myocardial revascularization. The rGEA is a promising conduit whose only concern could be the long-term patency; this will be resolved in the future. Up-to-date combined arterial graft utilizing the IMA and the rGEA can facilitate complete revascularization by arterial grafts safely and effectively.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术：第二支动脉桥血管的应用进展

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的治疗方式主要是药物治疗,经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（percutaneous coronary intervention, PCI）和冠状动脉旁路移植术（coronary artery bypass grafting, CABG） ;CABG是重症冠心病患者的主要治疗方式。近年来多支动脉或全动脉化旁路移植在冠状动脉外科兴起,但是除了左侧胸廓内动脉作为旁路移植黄金血管材料,第二支动脉桥血管的选择和使用仍存在很多挑战。本文将对临床常用的右侧胸廓内动脉,桡动脉,胃网膜右动脉和旋股外动脉降支应用进展作综述。     

Involvement of the coronary artery in a patient with thromboangiitis obliterans. A case report

 We report a case of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) and a saphenous vein graft in a 36-year-old man with Buerger's disease. He was hospitalized in the coronary intensive care unit with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. His coronary angiography showed total occlusion of the proximal segment of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and right coronary artery. Left ventricular dysfunction was detected by ventriculography. The patient had undergone bilateral sympathectomy of the lumbar branches for distal arterial occlusions due to thromboangiitis obliterans 12 years previously. Under cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamping, we performed endarterectomy and a complex bypass procedure to LAD. Aorta-right coronary artery bypass was also applied. A histopathological study of an endarterectomy specimen showed characteristic features of thromboangiitis obliterans. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the ninth postoperative day. Received: November 19, 2001 / Accepted: February 16, 2002     

Redo off-pump coronary bypass grafting with arterial grafts for Kawasaki disease

Surgical revascularization for coronary artery lesions secondary to Kawasaki disease is relatively uncommon. The late stenosis of the saphenous vein graft is the problem to be solved. We report a case of redo off-pump coronary bypass grafting in a 35-year-old man, 20 years after bypass grafting using a saphenous vein graft. Off-pump total arterial revascularization was performed uneventfully. The procedure comprised grafting of bilateral internal thoracic arteries to left anterior descending branch and obtuse marginal branch, and radial artery to AV branch and posterior descending branch. Off-pump total arterial revascularization is a safe and less invasive procedure at the time of redo operation, even for patients with Kawasaki disease.