激光血运重建术治疗冠心病的临床研究

目的：总结分析激光血运重建术治疗冠心病的临床经验，资料及方法：收治３例冠心病患者均为不稳定性心绞痛，有陈旧性心肌梗死１例，３例均合并Ⅱ期高血压病，超场所主动图左室射血分数为０．５７～０．６２，ＦＳ０．２８～０．３０。经心肌核素扫描（＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＭｉＢｉ）及心电图检查均提示前壁及下壁缺血。在全麻下经左胸前外侧第５肋间进胸，显露左心室壁，采用高功率二氧化碳激光打孔器（梅曼公司ＨＬ－１００型）在左室缺血区域打孔８～１４个。结果：３例病人术２周全部康复出院，术后无心律失常，无心衰及心肌梗死，术后心绞痛症状均全部缓解，一般体力活动不受限制。结论：激光血运重建术治疗冠心病是安全、有效的，对于国人由于冠状动脉血管纤细，激光血运重建术适应症可适当放宽。     

激光血运重建术治疗冠心病的临床研究

目的:总结分析了99年9月至99年11月激光血运重建术治疗冠心病3例的临床经验。资料及方法:3例冠心病患者均为不稳定性心绞痛,有阵旧性心肌梗塞1例,3例均合并Ⅱ期高血压病。超声心动图左室射血分数在0.57～0.62之间,FS 0.28～0.30。经心肌核素扫描99~M(Ti—MiBi)及心电图检查均提示前壁及下壁缺血。在全麻下经左胸前外侧第5肋间进胸,显露左心室壁,采用高功率二氧化碳激光打孔器(梅曼公司HL-100型)在左室缺血区域打孔8～14个。结果:3例病人术后2周全部康复出院,术后无心律失常,无心衰及心肌梗塞,术后心绞痛症状均全部缓解,一般体力活动不受限制。结论:激光血运重建术治疗冠心病是安全、有效的,对于国人由于冠状动脉血管纤细,激光血远重建术适应证可适当放宽。     

激光心肌血运重建术治疗危重冠心病的临床分析

目的总结激光心肌血运重建术(TMLR)治疗心功能低下的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)和冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后患者的早期临床效果. 方法 103例行TMLR的冠心病患者,根据TMLR术前心功能情况和是否做过CABG,分为3组.心功能低下组11例,左心室射血分数(LVEF)<0.40;二次手术组9例,CABG术后行TMLR;对照组83例,LVEF正常. 均在心脏不停跳下行TMLR.术中采用食管超声心动图(TEE)证实营造透壁性孔道.观察术后早期患者临床情况,随访心绞痛和心功能的改善情况. 结果心功能低下组和二次手术组术后心功能低下、心肌梗死、早期并发症的发生与对照组比较无明显差别,3组患者术后心绞痛均较术前明显改善(P＜0.05),LVEF较术前增高(P＜0.05). 结论 TMLR治疗心功能低下和CABG后患者是安全有效的.针对不同患者采用不同的治疗方法,可降低心功能低下和CABG后患者的手术风险.     

CO2激光心肌血运重建术的临床研究(附15例分析)

目的对单纯行CO2激光心肌血运重建术(TMLR)患者进行临床观察,综合评价单纯TMLR治疗冠心病的近、远期疗效。方法自1999年以来,采用CO2激光心肌血运重建术治疗15例严重冠心病患者。分别进行术前及术后心绞痛级别评定及左室心肌缺血面积测定。结果术后心绞痛级别较术前降低(P<0.05);心肌缺血面积术后较术前减少P<0.05)。结论TMLR作为单独手段治疗冠心病效果明显,能有效的缓解患者心绞痛,改善缺血心肌血供,使心肌缺血面积缩小,从而提高患者的运动耐量与生活质量。     

激光心肌血运重建术疗效分析

目的　探讨采用激光心肌血运重建 (TMLR)治疗 77例冠心病的效果。　方法　 77例心绞痛患者采用高功率CO2 激光心脏打孔器 (TheHeartLaserTM) ,在全麻下经左胸前外侧小切口显露左室壁后行TMLR ,平均打孔 (2 3± 6 )个。　结果　术后 72h死亡 3例 ,病死率为 3 8%。术后早期并发症分别为急性心肌梗死 (3 8% )、心功能不全 (2 6 % )、一过性房颤 (6 5 % )、频发室性早搏 (5 2 % )、二次开胸止血 (2 6 % )、自发性气胸 (1 3 % )、切口感染 (2 6 % )、肺部感染 (1 3% )。随访 3～ 2 4个月 ,死亡 3例 ,其中 1例系心肌梗死 ,另 2例非心脏事件。术后 3、6、12、2 4个月心绞痛分别为 (2 1± 0 3)级、(1 7± 0 3)级、(1 7± 0 3)级、(1 8± 0 4)级 ,较术前均有明显改善 (P分别 <0 0 5 ) ,术后 6个月左室射血分数 (5 7 2 5± 9 6 9) %较术前明显提高 (P =0 0 45 7,n =13) ,而术后 3与 12个月LVEF与术前无统计学差别。心肌核素扫描提示 70 1%患者心肌灌注得到不同程度改善。术后 (平均 12 6个月 )随访2 0例平板运动试验显示 ,运动时间 (9 6± 1 3)min较术前 (7 1± 3 2 )min明显延长 (P =0 0 2 1) ,运动耐量 (METs ,5 4± 2 0 )较术前 (4 3± 2 1)明显提高 (P =0 0 37) ,ST段平均压低 (0 0 4±     

激光心肌打孔血运重建术的研究与应用现状

激光心肌打孔血运重建术的研究与应用现状屈正，张兆光，孙衍庆激光心肌打孔血运重建术（ＴＭＬＲ）是利用激光在心脏的缺血区域制造多个贯穿心外、内膜的心肌隧道，以便促使左室内动脉血于收缩期注入到缺血的心肌内，并通过心肌无数的窦状隙冠状动脉交通网提供给该区域氧...     

激光心肌血运重建术后5年随访

1997年7月至2000年12月连续采用高功率CO2激光心脏打扎器治疗冠心病病人98例，手术早期死亡4例。现将94例生存者随访结果报道如下。     

激光心肌血运重建术后心肌组织的形态学变化

目的　观察激光心肌血运重建术 (TMLR)后心肌组织的形态学变化。方法　采用中国实验用小型猪 1 0头 ,于左冠状动脉旋支起始段放置Ameroid收缩环 ,6周形成慢性缺血心肌模型。治疗组 5头 ,采用高功率CO2 激光进行TMLR ,于术后 6周处死 ;对照组 5头不做任何治疗 ,于第 6周处死、取材 ,对缺血心肌进行组织学及扫描电镜分析。结果　激光打孔后 6周时部分孔道开放 ,部分孔道机化再通 ,形成许多与孔道平行的血管腔隙 ,少许孔道纤维闭合。对照组及治疗组心肌血管面积分别为 (1 650 .42± 1 2 4 .57) μm2 /视野和 (3 1 87.1 3± 61 2 .0 2 ) μm2 /视野 ,心肌血管周长分别为 (756 .1 1± 77.44) μm/视野和 (1 2 1 5 .0 3± 1 51 .1 9) μm/视野 ,心肌血管密度分别为 (34 .96±2 .45)个 /视野和 (61 .51± 9.54)个 /视野 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5) ,心肌损伤程度亦明显减轻。结论　TMLR后孔道能够开放 ;TMLR可以促进血管密度的增加 ,以恢复或减缓心肌损伤     

激光心肌打孔血运重建术的临床应用

作者对７例不能作冠状动脉搭桥和经皮冠状动脉球囊扩张、并且药物治疗无效的冠心病心绞痛患者使用国产７００瓦ＣＯ２激光器作激光心肌打孔血运重建术。７例患者心肌打孔数目１６２个,平均２４个。手术时间１５０±３０分。１例于术后第３天因呼吸衰竭死亡,其余６例术后随访２～１２个月。随访包括心绞痛级别、用药情况及心功能,并在术后３、６和１２个月检查超声心动图和心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ。结果显示：４例心绞痛消失,２例明显缓解。２例于打孔后１～６个月作平板运动试验,运动时间比术前延长,４例做超声心动图示静息状态下室壁动度均有增加,１例在术后１２个月左室射血分数由术前的４２％提高到５４％;２例做超声心动图－多巴酚丁胺检查示多巴酚丁胺对心室壁动度的作用及心肌对多巴酚丁胺的最大耐受量均比术前增强;心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ示与术前比心肌打孔区的血液灌注明显增加。作者认为：本方法作为冠心病治疗的一种新方法,可有效地缓解心绞痛,改善心肌血液灌注,提高心脏功能。     

Transmyocardial laser – revascularization: experimental studies on prolonged acute regional ischemia

Objective: This experimental study in pigs was undertaken to answer the question whether TMLR after acute myocardial infarction may improve regional myocardial perfusion, left ventricular function and diminish myocardial necrosis in the area at risk. Methods: Thirty open-chest anesthetized pigs were observed for 6 h, six pigs served as controls. In 24 pigs, occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) beyond the first diagonal branch was performed: seven pigs had LAD occlusion only (ischemia group), and 17 pigs were treated by TMLR (using a CO₂-laser, energy: 40 J) prior to coronary occlusion; nine pigs received one laser channel (1 mm diameter) per cm² (laser group 1) and eight pigs two channels per cm² in the LAD territory (laser group 2). Regional myocardial blood flow by microspheres, function (franc starling curves), histochemical assessment (triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, TTC and histology), were performed. Results: The lased pigs were less prone to ventricular fibrillation (laser group 2, 38%; laser group 1, 56%; ischemic group, 100%; P<0.05), and showed a significant smaller area of necrosis (TTC) in the area at risk (laser group 1, 23%; laser group 2, 14%; vs. ischemia group, 31%; P<0.01). There was no significant difference between laser-treated and ischemia hearts regarding the amount of blood flow into the infarcted LAD region and the maximal left ventricular stroke work index after 6 h (P=n.s). Regional myocardial blood flow: ischemia group, 4±5 ml/100 g/min; laser group 1, 3±10 ml/100 g/min, and laser group 2, 2±10 ml/100 g/min; maximal left ventricular stroke work index: ischemia group, 1.8 mJ/g; laser group 1, 2.1 mJ/g and laser group 2, 2.1 mJ/g. Conclusions: This model of acute regional ischemia demonstrates that CO₂-laser revascularization diminish significantly the incidence of ventricular fibrillation and necrosis in the area at risk, and does not change regional myocardial perfusion and global left ventricular function. This experiment indicates that TMLR may be an alternative in treating advanced ischemic heart disease.     

Transmyocardial laser revascularization in combination with coronary artery bypass: Clinical, wall motion and perfusion effects

Background. Transmyocardial laser revascularisation (TMR) is increasingly used in the management of intractable angina in the absence of graftable vessels, however it’s role in combination with coronary artery bypass remains undefined. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the impact of the combination therapy. Methods. Patients (20) undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery with one or more non-graftable coronary arteries were prospectively randomized to either have bypass graft surgery alone (CABG) or bypass graft surgery and transmyocardial revascularization with a holmium — YAG laser to non-graftable areas (CABG+TMR). All patients had exercise tolerance test preoperatively and at 6 and 18 months follow-up. Stress echocardiography was performed on 17 patients 18 months following surgery. Wall motion analysis (1=normal, 2=hypokinesis, 3=akinesis, 4=dyskinesis) using the 16 segment model of the left ventricle and rest and stress perfusion analysis were performed. Results. Both groups of patients were similar in preoperative demographics and operative data. There was no perioperative mortality. There was no difference between the two groups in angina scoring at 6 and 18 months follow-up. Exercise tolerance improved by a mean of 46.8±20.0 seconds per patient in the CABG group and by 199.2±66.5 seconds per patient in the CABG+TMR group (p<0.05) and this was maintained at 18 months (157±46.3 vs 61±39.2 seconds; p<0.05). Regional wall motion score index (WMSI) (total score/number of segments) was calculated in non-revascularizable myocardium treated with TMR and compared to areas that were not lased. Although the WMSI in TMR regions is lower at each stage of dobutamine stress, this does not reach statistical significance. Conclusion. The combination of coronary artery bypass and transmyocardial laser revascularization is safe and improves exercise tolerance in patients in whom complete revascularization cannot be achieved by bypass graft surgery alone. Competition paper presented at the 48th Annual Conference of IACTS at Chennai Feb. 2002     

Transmyocardial revascularization

Transmyocardial revascularization (TMR) is a puncture technique proposed as a solution for patients with coronary artery disease who cannot be efficiently treated with the standard revascularization procedures such as bypass surgery or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). The studies presented in this review have investigated the use of lasers to revascularize ischaemic myocardium. Needle puncture methods are also briefly described. The results from experimental studies are not conclusive but the encouraging clinical reports raise further questions about the mechanism of angina relief.     

1405例冠状动脉旁路移植、激光心肌血运重建术的临床分析

目的总结冠心病患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)和激光心肌血运重建术(TMLR)中的治疗难点、围术期处理要点,以提高冠心病患者的外科治疗效果。方法1997年5月~2006年1月,1405例冠心病患者中在体外循环下行CABG825例,其中单纯CABG666例,CABG+心瓣膜手术98例,CABG+室壁瘤手术55例,CABG+左心房粘液瘤摘除术2例,CABG+室间隔穿孔修补术2例,CABG+升主动脉成形术1例,CABG+纵隔内肿瘤切除术1例;非体外循环下CABG(OPCAB)500例;单纯TMLR30例,CABG+TMLR50例。结果每例移植旁路血管2.9±1.0支。住院死亡42例(3.0%),死亡原因包括出血、心肌梗死、低心排血量综合征、肾功能衰竭、多器官功能衰竭等。术后发生并发症70例,包括出血、低心排血量综合征、心肌梗死、肾功能不全等,均经积极的对症处理后治愈或好转。术前心绞痛(CCS)为~级的1177例患者中,术后1154例(98.0%)改善为0~级。术后随访857例(62.9%),随访时间8.3±2.9个月。随访6个月时788例(91.9%)无心绞痛发作,复查超声心动图提示:左心室射血分数0.66±0.10,较术前提高7.9%,生活质量较术前大为提高。结论CABG已成为治疗冠心病最有效的常规手术,只要能正确掌握适应证,有效地加强围术期管理,便可以扩大手术适应证范围,降低手术死亡率和并发症发生率,提高手术疗效。     

Simultaneous surgical revascularization and angiogenic gene therapy in diffuse coronary artery disease

Objective: The cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is capable of triggering angiogenesis and at higher concentrations vasculogenesis. We report on a pilot study where VEGF-DNA as an additional therapy to coronary artery bypass grafting was injected into the myocardium in 24 patients (pts) with proximal coronary artery stenosis and diffuse peripheral disease. One region of the myocardium with proven ischemia remained unsupplied after surgery because the respective epicardial coronary artery was not graftable. Methods and results: Plasmid DNA encoding for the 165- and 167-amino acid isoform of the human VEGF genes was injected directly into the myocardium, not amenable to surgical revascularization at a dosage of 1000 μg each, using a standardized protocol. A^99mTc-sestamibi-SPECT at rest performed 7 days prior to the operation, had shown decreased marker activity in the region of interest. Controls were made 1 week and 80–100 days postoperatively. Transmural scaring was ruled out intraoperatively. Coronary and left ventricular angiographies were performed preoperatively and 3 months postsurgery, respectively. One or more of the following angiographic items were found in 16/24 patients postoperatively. (1) Improvement of regional left ventricular function at the VEGF treated myocardial sector (5/24 pts). (2) Newly visible vessels considered as collaterals (8/24 pts). (3) Earlier filling of parent vessels (6/24 pts). (4) An increase in diameter of preoperatively existing collateral vessels (7/24). An increased perfusion at rest in the region of gene application was detected in 3/24 patients by early postoperative ^99mTc-sestamibi-SPECT investigation. In six additional cases, local perfusion increased markedly until the late examination. No perioperative myocardial infarctions and no signs of inflammation were observed. Newly developed abnormal vasculature was not detected in any patient. Conclusions: Direct intramyocardial administration of VEGF₁₆₅-DNA and VEGF₁₆₇-DNA may result occasionally in an enhancement of collateral vascularization in regions with diffuse peripheral coronary artery disease not surgically amenable. During midterm follow-up no adverse effects of VEGF-DNA application are observed so far. The very slight midterm improvements caused us to stop further VEGF-DNA application and, in our opinion, do not justify a prospective, and randomized study with a control group.