胃食管反流伴发慢性持续性咳嗽和(或)哮喘48例临床分析

胃食管反流疾病(GERD)经常引起一些肺部症状,了解两者之间的关系,探讨有效的治疗方法具有重要的临床意义。我们对48例GERD患者的临床资料进行分析。对象与方法1.对象:胃食管返流病患者48例。44例有慢性持续性咳嗽病史,16例有哮喘,其中7例以急性哮喘发作入院;43例伴有胃食管反流     

胃食管反流与支气管哮喘之间的关系及抑酸药物对其的作用

目的探讨胃食管反流与支气管哮喘之间的关系及制酸药物对胃食管反流（GER）的作用分析。 方法随机选取新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院2016年9月至2017年9月接诊的122例哮喘患者的临床资料。根据有无发生胃食管反流将本组患者分为观察组（49例）和对照组（73例）。观察组49例患者为胃食管反流合并支气管哮喘，将观察组49例患者进行随机细分，25例患者利用制酸药物（质子泵抑制剂兰索拉唑）进行治疗，24例患者选择安慰剂进行治疗。对照组73例哮喘患者未合并胃食管反流。对2组患者临床资料进行分析。对比2组患者肺功能指标等相关资料，以此探讨胃食管反流与支气管哮喘的相互关系。评价制酸药物对胃食管反流的影响。 结果观察组45例患者肺功能各项指标明显差于对照组73例患者，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。制酸治疗组与安慰剂治疗组比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论支气管哮喘患者容易因各种因素发生胃食管反流，胃食管反流也容易诱发支气管哮喘，并且在发生胃食管反流后会加重哮喘患者病情会，是难治性哮喘的重要诱因。临床治疗胃食管反流患者应利用抑酸药物进行相应的抗反流治疗，效果显著，可显著改善肺功能。     

胃食管反流病与支气管哮喘的相关性研究

[目的]通过观察支气管哮喘伴胃食管反流患者与支气管哮喘未伴胃食管反流患者的食管黏膜病变差异、哮喘严重程度等,探讨胃食管反流与支气管哮喘之间的相关性.[方法]将62例支气管哮喘患者,按照是否伴有胃食管反流分为2组,A组未伴有胃食管反流,B组伴有胃食管反流,对2组患者的胃黏膜病理表现、咳嗽次数及第1秒用力呼气容量(FEVl)、微型呼气流速峰值(PEF)进行比较.[结果]B组患者出现食管黏膜的病理变化,A组部分患者存在潜在食管黏膜变化,B组患者病变程度严重于A组患者,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);B组36例中10例为轻度哮喘,12例为中度,14例为重度,中重度率为72.2％;A组26例中15例为轻度,8例为中度,3例为重度,中重度率为42.3％,B组患者哮喘程度比A组严重,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);B组患者的FEV1、PEF值低于A组患者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);B组患者的喘、咳次数均高于A组患者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).[结论]支气管哮喘伴有胃食管反流患者病情较为严重,胃食管反流对支气管哮喘患者的肺部功能具有一定的影响.     

甲氧氯普胺治疗成人哮喘并胃食管反流患者的疗效分析

目的研究甲氧氯普胺治疗成人哮喘并胃食管反流患者的临床疗效。方法选取我院2014年11月至2015年11月收治的哮喘合并胃食管反流患者56例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为两组(观察组和对照组),各28例。所有患者行常规治疗,其中观察组给予甲氧氯普胺治疗,对照组给予奥美拉唑治疗,比较两组肺功能各项指标、哮喘(ACT)症状评分、反流症状评分及临床疗效。结果治疗后两组症状均有好转,观察组肺功能各项指标及哮喘(ACT)症状评分、反流症状评分情况均优于对照组;观察组治疗有效率为96.43%,明显高于对照组的71.43%(P0.05)。结论甲氧氯普胺治疗成人哮喘并胃食管反流患者的临床疗效明显,能够减轻哮喘症状和胃食管反流症状,同时改善患者肺功能。     

奥美拉唑联合多潘立酮治疗哮喘合并胃食管反流疗效观察

目的探讨奥美拉唑联合多潘立酮治疗哮喘合并胃食管反流(GERD)的临床疗效。方法选取哮喘合并胃食管反流患者72例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组36例。观察组患者给予奥美拉唑联合多潘立酮治疗,对照组患者仅给予奥美拉唑治疗。比较两组患者哮喘、胃食管反流症状改善情况;两组患者治疗前后胃食管反流症状评分和肺功能状况。结果观察组患者哮喘症状治疗总有效率(97.22%)显著高于对照组患者(80.56%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者哮喘症状的改善显著优于对照组患者(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后胃食管反流症状均显著改善(P0.05);观察组患者的胃食管反流症状改善优于对照组患者(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后GERD评分、FEV1、PEF、PEF均显著改善(P0.05),观察组患者GERD症状评分和肺功能(FEV1、PEF)均优于对照组患者(P0.05)。结论奥美拉唑联合多潘立酮治疗哮喘合并胃食管反流患者可显著改善哮喘临床症状以及胃食管反流症状,改善患者肺功能,安全可靠,值得推广应用。     

研究胃食管反流对哮喘患者肺通气功能的影响

目的探讨胃食管反流对哮喘患者肺通气功能的影响。 方法选取2016年8月至2017年8月,新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院接诊的102例哮喘患者纳入到随机对照试验中。根据有无发生胃食管反流将102例患者分为观察组(45例)和对照组(57例)。其中利用回顾性分析法对2组患者临床资料进行分析。 结果观察组45例患者肺功能各项指标明显差于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论胃食管反流发生后会加重哮喘患者病情,严重影响肺通气功能,哮喘患者本身也容易诱发胃食管反流,提示临床治疗哮喘患者应给予相应的抗反流治疗。     

抗胃食管反流治疗对缓解支气管哮喘急性发作的临床疗效观察

目的明确抗胃食管酸反流治疗对哮喘症状的协同治疗作用。方法将54例支气管哮喘患者依有无胃食管酸反流症状分为有GER表现组和无GER表现组，对比两组治疗疗效的差异性。结果两组治疗有效率分别为100％和69．23％，经统计学方法处理差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论支气管哮喘可合并有胃食管酸反流，经抗胃食管酸反流治疗可提高支气管哮喘的治疗效果。     

成年人胃食管反流与哮喘

胃食管反流作为成年人哮喘，尤其是内源性哮喘的激发因素，已逐渐引起人们的注意。本文阐述了成年人胃食管反流与哮喘之间关系的研究现状，胃食管反流引起哮喘发作的机理、临床表现、诊断、治疗和预防措施．     

新疆地区150例不明原因咳嗽临床病因分析

目的 分析新疆地区不明原因咳嗽的病因及治疗效果.方法 采用Irwin慢性咳嗽解剖学诊断程序,并补充诱导痰细胞分类检查,对慢性咳嗽的病因进行分类,并针对病因进行特异性治疗.结果 应用该方法对150例慢性咳嗽患者进行分析发现,病因确诊率为96%（144/150）.患者中单一咳嗽者125例（86.8%）,复合咳嗽者19例（13.2%）,慢性咳嗽病因比例依次为：上气道咳嗽综合征58例（34.3%）,咳嗽变异型哮喘41例（24.3%）,嗜酸粒细胞性支气管炎为24例（14.2%）,胃食管反流为14例（8.3%）,支气管结核10例（5.9%）,其他病因16例（9.5%）,病因未明6例（3.6%）,经过针对病因特异性治疗,有93%（140/150）患者的咳嗽症状明显减轻或消失.结论 在本地区除上气道咳嗽综合征、咳嗽变异型哮喘、嗜酸粒细胞性支气管炎和胃食管反流等病因外,支气管结核亦是慢性不明原因咳嗽的重要病因,诊断性治疗有效是确诊病因的重要环节.     

58例不明原因慢性咳嗽的病因探讨

目的探讨不明原因慢性咳嗽的病因。方法对58例不明原因慢性咳嗽患者进行病因初步诊断，并经过针对性治疗证实。结果52例患者明确诊断，确诊率89．7％（52／58），其中鼻后滴漏综合征（PNDs）占38．5％，咳嗽变异型哮喘（CVA）占34．6％，胃食管反流性咳嗽（GER）占26．9％。结论CVA、PNDs、GER是慢性咳嗽常见的病因；试验性病因治疗有效是确定病因诊断的重要环节。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.