Distributions of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in Israeli Jewish children of different geographic-ethnic origins, ages 9-17 years

To determine age and ethnic patterns of blood lipid levels in childhood and adolescence and to extend previous adult and late adolescent Israeli data to prepubertal ages, the levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were determined among 1,153 schoolchildren in the area of Petah-Tikva. Half of the children were born to immigrants from Yemen. Among boys, TC levels progressively decreased as age increased from 10-11 to 14-15 years (159 to 142 mg/dl). The age-specific TC and HDL-C means among boys are compatible with an initial swift fall with age, followed by a rise restricted to TC during puberty. Among girls, progressively lower means through ages 12-13 and increasingly higher ones for older age groups are also compatible with puberty-determined changes, previously observed in American cohorts. The differences in TC were only partly accounted for by lower HDL-C means at higher ages (52 mg/dl in the youngest and 45 mg/dl in the oldest age group, respectively, among boys, compared with 53 mg/dl for girls at both ages 9 and 16-17). TG levels in boys, but not in girls, showed age differences paralleling those found for HDL-C, but in an inverse direction. TC means were lower as age increased only among female offspring of European-born Jews (159 to 148 mg/dl, ages 9-12 compared with ages 13-17), a phenomenon that requires further study. Overall, TC and HDL-C were clearly higher among girls than boys beginning at ages 12-13, with little or no sex differences in TG. The sex differences in TC, contrary to previous studies, were not fully accounted for by HDL-C sex differences. The ethnic variability paralleled previous findings in Israeli adults and adolescents, showing low TC levels among male offspring of Yemenite and other Asian-born fathers. The ethnic differences among girls were small. No specific pattern of age-related lipid changes was found in the group of Yemenite origin, who represented offspring of parents with notoriously low levels of coronary heart disease incidence.     

芦笋香菇汁对高脂血症的影响

目的：从人体实验和动物实验两方面观察芦笋香菇汁对高脂血症的影响。方法：１．静脉注射四氧嘧啶和腹腔注射７５％鲜蛋黄乳液造成小鼠实验性高脂血症和高血糖模型，用芦笋香菇汁进行治疗；２．２９例高脂血症患者服用芦笋香菇汁４周，观察治疗效果。结果：小鼠预先服１周芦笋香菇汁可预防实验性高血脂和高血糖，作用程度与已知降脂、降糖药相当，且ＨＤＬ－Ｃ不降低；芦笋香菇汁可降低受试者血浆ＴＧ浓度，ＴＣ和ＬＤＬ－Ｃ浓度明显下降，ＨＤＬ－Ｃ浓度升高。结论：芦笋香菇汁对血浆脂蛋白有明显影响，对人体高脂血症有治疗作用，可降低冠心病的危险因素。     

天津市居民的血脂水平及影响因素

本文报道了随机抽查的５４６０名天津市市区普通居民的血脂水平。结果发现，居民的血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油二酯（ＴＧ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ）和ＨＤＬ／ＴＣ比值在各年龄组分别波动在１４２～１９６ｍｇ／ｄｌ、７９～１３ｌｍｇ／ｄｌ、４８～５５ｍｇ／ｄｌ和０．２８４１～０．３８３４之间。ＴＣ、ＴＧ随年龄增长而上升，ＨＤＬ／ＴＣ比值随年龄增长而下降，ＨＤＬ与年龄无关。女性ＨＤＬ显著高于男性；老年组的ＴＣ、ＴＧ为女性显著高于男性，而中年组，男性高于女性。血脂水平与体量指数（ＢＭＩ）、运动及文化程度有关。ＢＭＩ越大，则ＴＣ、ＴＧ越高，而ＨＤＬ、ＨＤＬ／ＴＣ比值越低；运动越多，ＴＣ、ＴＧ越低，而ＨＤＬ／ＴＣ比值越大；男性文化程度与ＨＤＬ／ＴＣ比值成反比。     

Serum lipid levels in an Iranian population of children and adolescents: Tehran lipid and glucose study

Data from 3148 participants aged 3–19years (1447 males and 1701 females) in the cross-sectional phase of Tehran lipid and glucose study (February 1999–May 2000) were used to determine serum lipid levels [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)] after 12–14 hours overnight fast. The values were analyzed by sex and age. Mean serum TC concentration was 170 mg/dl. TC was significantly greater in females than males (173 vs. 167 mg/dl, p < 0.05). The 90th and 95th percentiles for serum TC were 211 and 227 mg/dl, respectively. There was a significant decrease in mean TC in males during puberty. Thirty-one percent of population had TC values between 170 and 199 mg/dl and 16% had values of 200 mg/dl or greater. The mean TGs values were 103 for males and 108 mg/dl for females [non-significant (NS)]. The prevalence of high-risk values of TGs increased with age in males, reaching a peak at 17–19years. The mean HDL-C level was 45 mg/dl. Mean HDL-C was highest at 7–10years of age and decreased thereafter. The mean LDL-C was 102 in males and 107 mg/dl in females (NS). Twenty-two percent had LDL-C values between 110 and 129 mg/dl and 17% had values 130 mg/dl or greater. The results showed higher levels of TC, LDL-C and TGs and lower HDL-C in Tehranian children and adolescents than other studies. To design comprehensive public health programs to reduce serum lipid levels among Iranian children and adolescents, underlying factors for the high prevalence of dyslipoproteinemia should be sought.     

Relationship between exposure to industrial noise and serum lipid profile

Aim of our study was to investigate the effects of exposure to industrial noise on serum lipid profile among workers who are exposed to noise at work. In a historical cohort study, we recruited 154 and 146 male workers as high and low level noise exposure groups respectively. We defined workers with at least one year exposure to noise level more than 90 dB as high exposure group, and those with exposure to less than 80 dB as low exposure group. Afterwards, in the fasting blood specimens of participants we measured serum Triglyceride (TG), total Cholesterol (TC), high and low density lipoprotein (HDL and LDL). Mean of TG, TC, HDL and LDL for low exposure group were 148, 189, 38 and 103 mg/dl and for high exposure group were 237, 189, 37 and 104 mg/dl respectively. Mean serum TG between two groups was different. Even after adjustment for age, BMI, smoking and work hours per week, serum TG among high exposure group was 89 mg/dl higher than low exposure group and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.00). There was no significant difference between two groups in TC, LDL and HDL levels. This study did not find a statistically significant relationship between exposure to noise and serum TC, LDL and HDL, but TG in two groups was different and this difference was statistically significant.     

Evaluation of fasting serum insulin levels among Japanese school-age children

We examined the physical constitution, serum lipids, fasting serum insulin (IRI), food intake, and physical activity in 1,330 children in three age groups (6-7, 9-10, and 12-13) in Nagao village for the period 1994-1996. Serum total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were positively correlated, and HDL-C and TG were negatively correlated in all age groups. IRI was significantly higher among the elder children, and it was also higher in girls than in boys. IRI was positively correlated with the body mass index (BMI) and triceps skinfold thickness in ages 9-10 and 12-13, but no significant correlation was noted with waist/hip ratio (W/H ratio). In ages 12-13, IRI was positively correlated with TC and TG and negatively correlated with HDL-C. In high-IRI children (above 11.4 microU/mL) ages 12-13, the high-fat diet (fat-energy ratio above 30%) and low physical activity children (physical activity score below 10 points) were more frequent, and the mean levels of triceps skinfold were higher. The positive correlation between TC and HDL-C was not significant among high-IRI children. We concluded that a high-fat diet, low physical activity, and body fat accumulation influence the IRI level, which is closely related to serum lipid levels.     

Lipid status in a population of Spanish schoolchildren

We assessed lipid status in a population of 181 schoolchildren and adolescents divided into three age groups: 6–7 years (n = 60), 10–12 years (n = 61) and 13–15 years (n = 60). All subjects were from the Mediterranean coastal area of Vélez-Málaga in southern Spain. Nutrient intakes and biochemical parameters related with lipid status [total cholesterol (TC), HDL-chol, LDL-chol, VLDL-chol and triglycerides (TG)] were measured. Boys and girls aged –7 years had the same plasma concentrations of TC and TG; these concentrations were slightly higher than the mean values for age and sex found in earlier studies in Spanish populations. The high TC values were due mainly to increased concentrations of LDL-chol. This age group also had the largest percentage of members (26.6% boys, 36.6% girls) with plasma TC above 200 mg/dl. Of the groups aged 10–12 years, more girls than boys had abnormally high plasma cholesterol (16.1 vs 10%), HDL-chol (6.5 vs 0%) and TG concentrations (6.5 vs 0%). However, more adolescent boys than adolescent girls (aged 13–15 years) had abnormally low plasma concentrations of HDL-chol (10 vs 3.3%).     

魔芋食品对人体脂质代谢影响的研究

用含极低热能、微量蛋白质、高膳食纤维的魔芋精粉添加制成食品,对110名高血脂者进行研究。实验组加食魔芋食品,对照组食普通食品,实验期45天,实验前、后和停食魔芋食品后45天分别检查血脂一次。结果表明:1.实验组TG、TC、LDL-C水平均比食用前显著降低(P<0.01);HDL-C、apoAI均比食用前显著升高(P<0.01);而对照组各项指标变化无显著意义(P>0.05)。实验组与对照组比较,TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C的变化差别显著(P<0.01)。2.魔芋食品对高脂血症者与TG、TC危险临界值者降血脂效应不同,前者TG下降83.8±133.5mg/dl,TC下降42.4±23.4mg/dl;后者TG下降-1.1±23.1mg/dl,TC下降8.3±18.2mg/dl;两者的差异显著(P<0.001)。3.实验期间膳食同日常水平。实验组三大营养素和热能摄入量稍高于对照组,膳食脂肪占总热能35％以上,热能超过供给量1/5以上,但魔芋食品降血脂效果仍显著。     

A comparative study of serum proteins, lipids, calcium and inorganic phosphorus between Japanese and Dutch university students.

The levels of serum proteins, lipids and minerals in Japanese and Dutch students measured by biochemical methods were compared and their correlation with the nutritional status were investigated. The mean values of serum total proteins (TP), albumin (Alb), globulin (Glb) and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio in the Japanese students (7.8±0.5, 4.7±0.3 and 3.2±0.4g/dl, and 1.5±0.2, respectively) were similar to those of the Dutch students (7.8±0.5, 4.7±0.3 and 3.0±0.3g/dl, and 1.6±0.2, respectively). However, the mean value of TP in males (8.0±0.5g/dl for the Japanese and 8.0±0.4g/dl for the Dutch) was significantly higher than this in females (7.7±0.3g/dl for the Japanese and 7.5±0.5g/dl for the Dutch) in the each group (p<0.01) and the mean value of Alb of male Dutch students (4.9±0.2g/dl) was higher than that in females (4.5±0.3g/dl, p<0.01). No significant differences were found between the two groups in serum lipid and mineral levels. The serum phospholipid (PL) level in female Dutch students (217±37mg/dl) was significantly higher than that in males (188±25mg/dl, p<0.01), while the serum triglyceride (TG) level in female Japanese students (60±25mg/dl) was significantly lower than that in males (74±33mg/dl, p<0.05), which agreed with the frequency distribution patterns of these lipids. Comparing the two student groups of both countries, there were significant positive correlations between TP and Alb (p<0.001 for both groups), TP and Glb (p<0.001 for both groups) and Alb and A/G ratio (p<0.001 for the Japanese and p<0.01 for the Dutch) in each group. A significant negative correlation between Glb and A/G ratio (p<0.001) was also found in each group. Significant positive correlations were also observed between PL and TG (p<0.01 for the Japanese and p<0.05 for the Dutch), PL and total cholesterol (TC) (p<0.001 for each group) and TG and TC (p<0.01 for the Dutch). The serum PL and TC increased significantly with the serum TP in the Japanese students (p<0.01 for PL and TP, p<0.05 for TG and TP) but not in the Dutch students. The authors concluded that serum protein, lipid and mineral profiles between the two groups did not differ much in spite of their different eating patterns.     

北京市体重正常和超重肥胖儿童血糖血脂状况分析

目的探讨超重、肥胖儿童血糖、血脂水平变化特点，为儿童肥胖的干预研究提供依据。方法选择北京市3所中学、2所小学，根据2005—2006年中小学生体检身高、体重结果进行筛选，对自愿参加的1045名7～15岁学生进行身高、体重测量。采集空腹肘静脉血测定血清总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）和空腹血糖（FPG）。结果FPG，TG，HDL—C，LDL—C在不同体型男、女儿童间差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0．01），HDL—C水平为肥胖组〈超重组〈正常组，FPG，TG，LDL—C水平均为肥胖组〉超重组〉正常组。男童TC异常检出率差异无统计学意义，FPG，TG，LDL—C偏高和HDL—C偏低的检出率均为肥胖组〉超重组〉正常组；女童FPG，TC，LDL—C异常检出率差异均无统计学意义（P值均〉0．05），TG偏高和HDL—C偏低的检出率为肥胖组〉超重组〉正常组。结论超重和肥胖儿童较体重正常儿童存在明显的血糖和血脂异常。应加强超重和肥胖儿童血糖和血脂检测，并进行综合干预.     

Association of serum lipids with coffee, tea, and egg consumption in free-living subjects.

The associations of serum lipids with coffee, tea, and egg consumption were examined in a survey of 658 men in Israel. A significant, positive association was found between coffee consumption and serum total cholesterol (TC), mainly reflecting a difference in the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Among the subjects aged 20-39, the difference in TC between the lowest and highest consumption categories was 13.2 mg/dl, and among those aged 40-69 the difference was 7.4 mg/dl. An even stronger, negative association between tea intake and TC was present; the difference between the lowest and highest consumption categories was 28.7 mg/dl for the younger subjects and 18.4 mg/dl for the older group. On the other hand, serum TC levels were not elevated at higher levels of whole egg consumption. Thus, allowing for the bias inherent in dietary recall, coffee and tea consumption appear to be associated more strongly with serum lipid and lipoprotein levels than egg consumption.     

Serum lipids and their correlates in Chinese urban and rural populations of Beijing and Guangzhou. PRC-USA Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Epidemiology Research Group.

In 1983 and 1984, surveys were conducted in four Chinese population samples, urban and rural for both Beijing and Guangzhou, as part of PRC-USA collaborative research in cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary epidemiology. Serum total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were measured in 4280 men and 4695 women aged 35-54 years, in laboratories standardized by the US Centers for Disease Control. Age-adjusted mean serum TC was higher in urban than rural samples and generally higher in Beijing than Guangzhou, ranging from 155 mg/dL for Guangzhou rural women to 187 mg/dl for Guangzhou urban women. Group mean values of HDL-C varied from 48 to 59 mg/dl, higher in Beijing than Guangzhou, and higher in women than men. TC/HDL-C ratio ranged from 3.05 to 3.82. Serum TG values were higher for Beijing than Guangzhou; the lowest group mean values of 78 mg/dl and 75 mg/dl were in rural Guangzhou men and women. Mean body mass index (BMI) was uniformly low, ranging from 20 kg/m2 for rural Guangzhou to 24 kg/m2 for urban Beijing. Multiple regression analyses showed that BMI was positively and independently related to serum TC, LDL-C, TG, and TC/HDL-C, and inversely related to HDL-C. Smoking was positively related in both sexes to TG and TC/HDL-C, and inversely related to HDL-C. Smoking was also positively related to TC and LDL-C in men. In men, alcohol was positively related to TC and HDL-C, and was inversely related to TG and TC/HDL-C. Heavy manual work was inversely related to TC, LDL-C, and TC/HDL-C in men, but not related to lipids in women. Thus, for these Chinese population samples, despite their lower serum TC and BMI, the correlates of serum lipids are similar to those in western populations. These variables accounted for only part of the observed urban-rural and north-south differences in serum lipids among these Chinese population samples. The significance of the relatively low serum TC and TG and high HDL-C in relation to low cardiovascular disease in Chinese populations is the object of further investigation in follow-up studies.     

The effect of coffee consumption on serum lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background/objectives:Numbers of epidemiological studies assessing coffee consumption and serum lipids have yielded inconsistent results. We aimed to evaluate the effects of coffee intake on serum lipids.Subjects/methods:We searched several English and Chinese electronic databases up to September 2011 for randomized controlled trials of coffee on serum lipids. Weighted mean effect size was calculated for net changes in serum lipids by using random-effect models or fixed-effect models. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted to explore possible explanations for heterogeneity among trials.Results:Twelve studies conducted in Western countries with a total of 1017 subjects were identified. Meta-analyses showed, on average, drinking coffee for 45 days was associated with an increase of 8.1?mg/dl (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.5, 11.6; P<0.001) for total cholesterol (TC), 5.4?mg/dl (95% CI: 1.4, 9.5; P=0.009) for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and 12.6?mg/dl (95% CI: 3.5, 12.6; P=0.007) for triglyceride (TG). The increase in TC were greater in trials using unfiltered coffee and caffeinated coffee as the treatment group. Those who had hyperlipidemia were more sensitive to the cholesterol-raising effect of coffee. Meta-regression analysis revealed a positive dose-response relation between coffee intake and TC, LDL-C and TG.Conclusion:The intake of coffee especially unfiltered coffee is contributed significantly to the increase in TC, LDL-C and TG, and the changes were related to the level of intake. Studies of coffee intake on serum lipids in Asian populations should be performed.     

A preliminary study of hyperlipidemia in Bangkok school children

As a preliminary study, we determined the serum lipid profiles among primary school children from four Bangkok schools and identified the risk factors and their association with child lipid profiles. We conducted a cross-sectional study using fasting blood samples and food frequency questionnaires. Overall, there were 40% that had hypercholesterolemia with total cholesterol (TC) at > or = 200 mg/dl and high low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at > or = 130 mg/dl. Overall, 5.4% had high triglyceride (TG) levels at > or = 150 mg/dl. There was no association between lipid profiles and age, gender or nutritional status, except that higher TG levels were found among obese children than others (p < 0.001). The most popular high fat foods were fried chicken, sausages and cakes, in order of preference. Results from this study indicate that Bangkok public primary school children are facing a problem with hyperlipidemia. Build up discipline in healthy eating habits, healthy food choices and physical exercise should pave the way to healthy Thai kids and growing adults with better quality of life.     

Effect of Dehulling and Cooking of Lentils (Lens Culinaris, L.)on Serum Glucose and Lipoprotein Levels in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of lentils on serum glucose and serum lipid levels in diabetic rats. Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, 12 weeks of age weighing 220-290g, were used. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin at a level of 35 mg/kg intra-peritoneally. The animals were randomly divided into five groups, eight animals each: a casein diet (control), raw whole lentil (RWL), cooked whole lentil (CWL), raw dehulled lentil (RDL) and cooked dehulled lentil (CDL). Animals were fed with experimental diets for six weeks, sacrificed and blood samples were taken. Serum glucose level of the CDL group (387.9 ± 53.3 mg/dl) was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of the control, RDL and RWL groups (529.0 ± 11.7, 538.6 ± 45.0, 542.1 ± 32.2 mg/dl respectively). In addition, HDL concentration of CWL group (66.3 ± 1.9 mg/dl) was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that of the control, RWL and RDL groups (54.9 ± 3.5, 50.8 ± 4.2, 54.0 ± 3.4 mg/dl respectively). However, there was no significant difference in serum glucose and serum HDL between the CDL and CWL groups. No significant differences (p>0.05) were detected in triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol among the experimental groups. It is concluded that cooked lentils rather than raw lentils was more effective in lowering blood glucose and improving HDL cholesterol in diabetic rats. There was no difference between whole and dehulled lentils with regard to effects on blood glucose and HDL cholesterol levels.     

Lipidemic effects of a mild-term treatment with calcium heparin in vasculopathic subjects

The Authors study the lipidemic effects of a "middle-term" treatment with heparin calcium in vasculopathic subjects undergoing the drug for antithrombotic purposes. The series consists of 35 subjects (21 m, 14 f, mean age 57 +/- 8) suffering from peripheral arteriopathy (24 cases) and instable angina (11 cases) of arteriosclerotic nature, and free from endocrinometabolic and hepatorenal diseases; all the subjects were normolipemic, except for 4 cases having hyperlipoproteinemia of type II B. After a week of standard diet and drug wash-out, each patient underwent antithrombotic treatment with calcium heparin (10.000 Units subcutaneously) for three weeks during the hospitalization; for each sample, the plasma levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL-3-cholesterol (HDL-3-C) and HDL-2-cholesterol (HDL-2-C) were determined enzymatically (kits Boerhinger Mannheim). The Authors observe a significant (P less than 0.05) increase of TC and LDL-C after one and after two weeks of treatment with a return to the baseline after three weeks; levels of TG, HDL-C, HDL-3-C, HDL-2-C and the HDL-C/TC and HDL-2-C/HDL-C ratios showed an ascending profile until the third week without significant changes, compared to the baseline values. Subdividing the series arbitrarily into into two groups (A and B) respectively having rather low ("normolipemic") and high ("hyperlipemic") values of TC and TG respectively below (group A) and above (group B) 230 mg/dl (TC) and 165 mg/dl (TG).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Antiatherosclerotic effect of the edible mushrooms Pleurotus eryngii (Eringi), Grifola frondosa (Maitake), and Hypsizygus marmoreus (Bunashimeji) in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice

In the present study, we examined the antiatherosclerotic effects of 3 edible mushrooms, Pleurotus eryngii (Eringi), Grifola frondosa (Maitake), and Hypsizygus marmoreus (Bunashimeji), in atherosclerosis-susceptible C57BL/6J, apolipoprotein E–deficient (apoE^−/−) mice. Male apoE^−/− mice (6 weeks of age) were fed a normal diet (cholesterol concentration <66 mg/100 g) or a normal diet containing 3% dried Eringi, Maitake, or Bunashimeji mushroom powder for 10 weeks. Food intake, body weight, serum total cholesterol (TC), and serum triacylglycerols (TG) were measured periodically during the experimental period. At the end of the experiment (at 16 weeks of age), the atherosclerotic lesion area was measured in cross-sections of the aortic root. Serum TC concentrations in the Bunashimeji group were significantly lower than that in the control group at 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 weeks of age. Serum TC concentrations in the Eringi, and Maitake groups were significantly lower than that in the control group only at 12 weeks of age. There was no significant difference in the serum TG concentrations in all groups during the experimental period. The atherosclerotic lesions were significantly decreased in the Eringi, Maitake, and Bunashimeji groups than that in the control group at the end of the experiment. Dietary supplementation with the Bunashimeji mushroom powder had the strongest antiatherosclerotic effect among 3 mushrooms. In conclusion, supplementation of the 3 edible mushrooms prevents the development of atherosclerosis, even normal diet. Antiatherosclerotic effect is partly via lowering of serum TC concentrations; further mechanisms should be investigated.     

Relationship of coffee consumption with serum lipids and lipoproteins in Japanese men

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship of instant coffee and brewed coffee with serum lipids and lipoproteins in Japanese men. METHODS: Study subjects were 4587 male self-defense officials aged 48-56 years who had a preretirement health examination at one of the three hospitals of the Self-Defense Forces from October 1986 to December 1992. A self-administered questionnaire ascertained lifestyle characteristics including consumption of a limited number of foods and beverages by all of the men. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were measured, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were calculated from the values of TC, TG, and HDL cholesterol. RESULTS: While the consumption of brewed coffee was unrelated to any parameter of serum lipids and lipoproteins, instant coffee consumption showed a highly significant positive association with serum LDL cholesterol levels and an inverse association with serum TG levels. After adjustment for body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, green tea consumption, rank, and hospital, for each cup of instant coffee per day, LDL cholesterol levels were 0.82 mg/dl (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29-1.35) higher, and TG levels in a natural log-scale were 0.014 mg/dl (95% CI 0.006-0.022) lower. There was also a tendency for a positive association between instant coffee intake and serum TC levels (trend p = 0.09). HDL cholesterol levels were unrelated to instant coffee consumption. These associations did not change after additional adjustment for selected foods and beverages associated with serum lipids and lipoproteins. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that instant coffee, not brewed coffee, may be associated with raised levels of serum LDL cholesterol and decreased levels of serum TG.     

噪声暴露对某国有大型煤矿工人血糖和血脂水平的影响

目的 探讨某国有大型煤矿工作场所噪声对工人血糖和血脂水平的影响。方法 对新泰市某国有大型煤矿作业工人进行职业健康检查,随机选择长期接触高噪声(82.8~100.1 LAeq dB(A))428人为观察组,接触低噪声(53.9~71.0 LAeq dB(A))506人为对照组,比较两组工人血糖和血脂水平差异。结果 观察组工人血清葡萄糖为(5.32±0.79)mmol/L、总胆固醇为(4.72±0.82)mmol/L、甘油三酯为(1.67±1.31)mmol/L、高密度脂蛋白为(1.41±0.30)mmol/L、低密度脂蛋白为(2.79±0.68)mmol/L。观察组工人血清葡萄糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的血清葡萄糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇异常率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的脂肪肝检出率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随着工龄的增加,血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量也增高,各工龄组之间血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 长期接触高噪声可能是煤矿作业工人血糖和血脂水平升高的危险因素。     

石家庄市学龄儿童超重、肥胖与血压、血脂和血糖的关系

目的探讨城市学龄儿童超重、肥胖与血压、血脂和血糖等心血管疾病危险因素的聚集性。方法采用多阶段分层抽样，测定石家庄市区913名7～13岁儿童的身高、体重、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和空腹血糖水平。结果儿童超重和肥胖总检出率为29．24％（男34．98％，女24．23％）。与正常儿童相比，超重和肥胖儿童的SBP、DBP、TC和TG水平明显升高，HDL-C明显降低。超重和肥胖儿童的高血压、高TG、高TC、高血糖和低HDL-C检出率也明显高于正常儿童。校正年龄和性别后，超重和肥胖儿童的SBP、DBP、TC、TG、血糖升高和HDL-C降低的危险性分别为正常儿童的6．77、3．22、2．55、6．42、3．85和2．94倍（95％CI分别是4．15～11．04、1．38～7．49、1．59～4．11、3．46～11．92、1．69～8．78和1．83～4．73）；超重与肥胖儿童有任意1、2、3个所选心血管疾病危险因素的危险性分别是正常儿童的2．74、13．15和15．33倍（95％CI分别是1．92～3．92、6．69～25．87和4．17～56．39）。结论儿童期超重与肥胖增加儿童心血管疾病危险因素的聚集性以及儿童获得多个心血管疾病的危险性。控制儿童超重和肥胖有助于心血管疾病的早期预防。