丹参注射液对家兔体内CYP1A2、CYP2D6和CYP3A4活性的影响

目的：用Cocktail探针药物法研究丹参注射液对家兔细胞色素P450亚型酶活性的影响。方法：将家兔随机分成四组,耳缘静脉注射给予丹参注射液,分低、中、高剂量三个实验组,空白对照组给予生理盐水。用HPLC法测定各组Cock-tail探针药物（咖啡因、美托洛尔和氨苯砜）的血药浓度,比较药时曲线及药代动力学参数的变化,评价各组细胞色素P450亚型酶的活性。结果：丹参注射液低、中、高剂量组CYP2D6的活性与对照组相比降低,具有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;CYP1A2和CYP3A4的活性与对照组相比差异均无统计学意义。结论：丹参注射液对家兔CYP2D6有抑制作用,对CYP1A2和CYP3A4的影响不显著。提示临床应用丹参注射液时,应关注其对CYP2D6的抑制作用,避免联合用药引发CYP2D6介导的药物相互作用,促进临床安全合理用药。     

"Cocktail"探针药物法评价苦碟子注射液对大鼠CYP450酶活性的影响

目的 探究苦碟子注射液对大鼠细胞色素P450酶亚型CYP3A4和CYP2E1酶活性的影响.方法 将SD 雄性大鼠随机分成4组(n=8),分苦碟子注射液高剂量组,临床等效剂量组,阳性药组(苯巴比妥钠),生理盐水组,给药2周后,在第15天早上尾静脉注射给予氯唑沙宗(10mg·kg-1)和氨苯砜(10mg·kg-1).用HPLC法测定大鼠血浆探针药物浓度,获得各探针药物的药代动力学参数评价苦蝶子注射液对大鼠CYP3A4、CY P2E1活性的影响.结果 持续腹腔注射苦碟子注射液14d后,和空白组比较,氨苯砜的血药浓度及药动学参数变化无统计学差异(P>0.05),药物对大鼠CYP3A4的活性水平影响较小;氯唑沙宗的AUC0-t和AUC0-∞减小,t1/2降低,CL增大,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).苦碟子注射液临床给药剂量组和高剂量组大鼠CYP2E1的活性水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(W TBXP<0.05).结论 苦碟子注射液能较强的诱导大鼠肝药酶CYP2E1活性,而对CYP3A4活性影响不大,但与阳性药(苯巴比妥)的诱导强度相比较弱.     

酒精性肝损伤大鼠细胞色素P450 CYP2E1和细胞色素P450 CYP3A的代谢活性

目的观察酒精性肝损伤对大鼠细胞色素P450CYP3A(CYP3A)和细胞色素P450CYP2E1(CYP2E1)代谢活性的影响。方法采用ig给予白酒制备大鼠酒精性肝损伤模型,检测血清中谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性,采用HE染色法光镜下观测酒精对肝脏损伤程度。大鼠ip给予CYP3A探针药物咪达唑仑10mg·kg-1或ig给予CYP2E1探针药物氯唑沙宗50mg·kg-1后,采用高效液相色谱法测定不同时间点大鼠血浆中咪达唑仑和氯唑沙宗的血药浓度,并应用3P87软件计算其药代动力学参数,以考察CYP2E1和CYP3A的代谢活性的变化。大鼠ig给予氯唑沙宗80mg·kg-1后,热板方法测定大鼠添足次数和添足反射潜伏期。结果酒精性肝损伤可致大鼠肝小叶结构不清,肝索排列紊乱,肝细胞体积增大,呈弥漫性中度水变性,肝窦受压,大部分肝细胞胞浆内见大小不等的脂肪空泡;与正常对照组相比,酒精性肝损伤组大鼠GPT和GOT活性分别增加了16.0%和20.0%(P<0.05,P<0.01)。酒精性肝损伤致大鼠CYP2E1对探针药物氯唑沙宗的代谢活性增强,AUC,t1/2和cmax分别降低了38.0%,30.5%和35.0%(P<0.05);酒精肝损伤组大鼠氯唑沙宗镇痛效果明显降低;酒精性肝损伤致大鼠CYP3A对探针药物咪达唑仑的代谢活性增强,AUC,t1/2和cmax分别降低了122.6%,54.9%和56.9%(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论酒精性肝损伤可使大鼠CYP2E1和CYP3A代谢活性增强。     

大鼠肝微粒体代谢研究槲皮素对CYP1A2,CYP2E1,CYP3A2活性的影响及抑制机制

目的体外代谢研究槲皮素对大鼠肝CYP1A2,CYP2E1,和CYP3A2活性的影响。研究其抑制强度及抑制机制。方法QU与底物共同温孵,HPLC检测底物特定的代谢产物生成量的变化反映对应亚酶的活性变化。比较槲皮素与酮康唑,红霉素在相同浓度下对CYP3A2的抑制能力强弱。不同浓度槲皮素对CYP3A2和CYP2E1底物代谢产物生成双倒数直线的影响初步分析槲皮素可能的抑制机制。结果各HPLC检测方法线性相关系数均>0.9991,RSD均<8.4%,回收率91.1%-107.6%。槲皮素在体外0～8μmol·L-1诱导大鼠肝微粒体CYP1A2的活性达338.1%,并抑制CYP2E1(49.2%),和CYP3A2(60.3%)。槲皮素对CYP3A2的抑制能力在酮康唑和红霉素之间。槲皮素竞争性抑制CYP3A2右美沙芬N脱甲基反应,非竞争性抑制CYP2E1氯唑沙宗6羟化反应。结论槲皮素对多个CYP450亚酶有抑制作用,它是有效的CYP3A竞争性抑制剂。做为黄酮类植物雌激素,槲皮素有分子结构的优势亦有对CYP450酶调控能力而具有未来抗肿瘤药物研究的潜力。     

振源胶囊对细胞色素P_(450)酶CYP1A2、CYP3A4、CYP2E1的影响

目的:研究振源胶囊对细胞色素P450酶CYP1A2、CYP3A4、CYP2E1的影响。方法:用Cocktail探针药物法,将Wistar大鼠随机分组,灌胃给予振源胶囊溶液,以生理盐水组为空白对照,诱导10d,于股动脉插管,注射给予3种探针药物咖啡因、氨苯砜、氯唑沙宗,通过高效液相色谱法检测各探针药物的代谢率来评价各组CYP1A2、CYP3A4、CYP2E1亚型酶的活性;药动学计算采用DAS2.0软件完成。结果:给予振源胶囊的大鼠,咖啡因代谢加快,半衰期缩短;氨苯砜代谢减慢,半衰期延长;氯唑沙宗半衰期与空白对照组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:振源胶囊对大鼠CYP1A2有诱导作用,对CYP3A4有抑制作用,对CYP2E1的作用不明显。     

黄酮类化合物对细胞色素P450 CYP1，2E1，3A4和19的影响

黄酮类化合物广泛存在于蔬菜、坚果、水果和饮料及中草药中，可诱导或抑制多种细胞色素P450的活性。本篇综述主要集中回顾黄酮类化合物对于细胞色素P450 CYP1，2E1，3A4和19的影响。归纳总结了该类物质抑制和诱导细胞色素P450的多种机制，如刺激特定的受体、稳定相关mRNA等。并总结了该类物质对细胞色素P450的影响体内和体外水平的研究结果并非总是一致的原因，如体内外的浓度的差异、基因和其他环境因素的影响。由于黄酮类化合物可通过影响细胞色素P450的活性影响药物代谢从而导致药物不良反应和药物相互作用，因此在将该类物质与其他药物合用时应高度重视。     

丝裂霉素C在体外和体内对大鼠肝脏CYP2D1/2,CYP2C11和CYP1A2活性的影响

目的研究丝裂霉素C(MMC)在体外和体内对大鼠肝脏CYP2D1/2,CYP2C11和CYP1A2活性的影响。方法用诱导剂和抑制剂分别在体内和体外调节大鼠肝脏P450同工酶活性，并用HPLC检测3种同工酶各自底物的特定代谢产物，以计算同工酶活性。结果在体外, MMC可以使地塞米松诱导的大鼠肝脏微粒体CYP2D1/2,CYP2C11和CYP1A2活性分别抑制(19±6)%(P<0.05),(85±10)％(P<0.01)和(36±6)%(P<0.05)，并使β-萘黄酮诱导的CYP1A2活性降低(58±6)%(P<0.01)。在体内，以20% LD₅₀的剂量连续3 d或6 d腹腔注射MMC 对大鼠肝脏CYP2D1/2，CYP2C11和CYP1A2活性的影响无统计学差异。结论在体外MMC可以抑制大鼠肝微粒体CYP2D1/2，CYP2C11和CYP1A2的活性，但在体内对这3种细胞色素P450同工酶活性的影响无统计学差异。     

己烯雌酚对人肝微粒体内CYP3A4和CYP2C9酶的抑制作用

目的:体外实验考察己烯雌酚(DES)对细胞色素P450 3A4(CYP3A4)和细胞色素P450 2C9(CYP2C9)活性的抑制作用,以评佑DES通过抑制这两个重要的细胞色素P450(CYP)亚型而引发药物-药物相互作用的可能性.方法:混合人肝微粒体与不同浓度的DES(或阳性抑制剂),CYP3A4或CYP2C9的探针...     

脉络宁注射液合用阿司匹林对大鼠水杨酸药动学的影响

目的:研究脉络宁注射液和阿司匹林合并用药后,大鼠体内水杨酸药动学参数的变化.方法:16只大鼠随机分为阿司匹林组和合并用药组(n=8),两组大鼠均参照临床等效用量(阿司匹林,7.5 mg·kg-1;脉络宁注射液,3 mL·kg-1),每天给予阿司匹林(阿司匹林组)以及阿司匹林和脉络宁注射液(合并用药组),连续8天,并分别在给药后的第1天和第8天于14 h内进行采血试验.用HPLC法测定大鼠体内水杨酸的血药浓度,DAS2.0软件计算药动学参数,并采用独立样本t-检验进行组间差异性的统计分析比较.结果:单次给药后,相比于阿司匹林组,合并用药组大鼠体内水杨酸的t1/2、AUC0-14 h和AUC0-∞显著减小,CL/F显著增大,Cmax变化不明显;而多次合并用药后,两组大鼠体内水杨酸的t1/2、AUC0-14、AUC0-∞、CL和Cmax等药动学参数均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:单次合并用药后,脉络宁注射液可加快阿司匹林在体内的清除;而多次合并用药后,脉络宁注射液对水杨酸在体内消除的影响不显著.     

环孢素与小檗碱合用抑制肝CYP3A1、CYP2E1、mdr1基因表达的实验研究

目的：观察环孢素(cyclosporin, CsA)单用及与小檗碱(berberine chloride,Ber)合用对小鼠和大鼠肝CYP3A1、CYP2E1基因及多药耐药基因mdr1a和mdr1b表达的影响。方法： 采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT PCR)法测定小鼠和大鼠肝CYP3A1、CYP2E1、mdr1a和mdr1b基因在给药后的变化。结果：小鼠灌胃给药6 d时，Ber与CsA合用对CYP3A1和CYP2E1基因均有明显抑制作用；大鼠灌胃给药12 d时，与对照组比较，除了Ber 100 mg·kg 1组外，其余各组对大鼠肝CYP3A1、CYP2E1、mdr1a、mdr1b基因均有明显的抑制作用。结论：Ber与CsA合用可明显抑制小鼠和大鼠肝CYP3A1及mdr1a、mdr1b基因的表达，从而减少CsA在肝的代谢及消除，这可能是Ber增加CsA血药浓度的重要机制。     

Effects of notoginsenoside R1 on CYP1A2, CYP2C11, CYP2D1, and CYP3A1/2 activities in rats by cocktail probe drugs

Context: Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) is the main component with cardiovascular activity in Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen, an herbal medicine that is widely used to enhance blood circulation and dissipate blood stasis.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate NGR1's effects on CYP1A2, CYP2C11, CYP2D1, and CYP3A1/2 activities in rats in vivo through the use of the Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) probe drugs.

Materials and methods: After pretreatment with NGR1 or physiological saline, the rats were administered intraperitoneally with a mixture solution of cocktail probe drugs containing caffeine (10?mg/kg), tolbutamide (15?mg/kg), metoprolol (20?mg/kg), and dapsone (10?mg/kg). The bloods were then collected at a set of time-points for the ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis.

Results: NGR1 was shown to exhibit an inhibitory effect on CYP1A2 by increased caffeine C_max (43.13%, p?<?0.01) and AUC_0???∞ (40.57%, p?<?0.01), and decreased CL/F (62.16%, p?<?0.01) in the NGR1-treated group compared with those of the control group, but no significant changes in pharmacokinetic parameters of tolbutamide, metoprolol, and dapsone were observed between the two groups, indicating that NGR1 had no effects on rat CYP2C11, CYP2D1, and CYP3A1/2.

Discussion and conclusion: When NGR1 is co-administered with drugs that are metabolized by CYP1A2, the pertinent potential herb–drug interactions should be monitored.     

注射用丹参总酚酸(冻干)对人CYP450酶和P-糖蛋白体外抑制作用及对大鼠CYP1A2和CYP3A体内诱导作用(英文)

目的探讨注射用丹参总酚酸(冻干)(SLI)对人CYP450酶和P-糖蛋白体外抑制作用以及对大鼠CYP1A2和CYP3A体内诱导作用。方法①应用P450-GloTMCYP450检测试剂盒,通过化学发光法测定SLI和经典抑制剂对细胞色素P4501A2(CYP1A2),CYP2D6,CYP3A4,CYP2C19和CYP2C9的IC50值,通过比较SLI和经典抑制剂对相应细胞色素P450亚型的IC50值来判断SLI对人CYP450酶的体外抑制作用。②Wistar大鼠分别iv给予SLI 3,10和30 mg·kg-1和诱导剂苯巴比妥钠20 mg·kg-1,采用探针底物法,通过比较代谢产物的生成速率来评价SLI对大鼠CYP1A2和CYP3A的诱导作用。③应用ATP酶检测试剂盒,通过化学发光法测定ATP酶活性来评价SLI是否为P-gp的底物或抑制剂。结果①CYP1A2,CYP2C9,CYP2C19,CYP2D6和CYP3A4抑制剂的IC50与SLI对其的IC50进行比较(CYP1A2:0.12μmol·L-1vs 840μmol·L-1;CYP2C9:3.362μmol·L-1vs 704μmol·L-1;CYP2C19:3.236μmol·L-1vs 306μmol·L-1;CYP2D6:0.117μmol·L-1vs 2660μmol·L-1;CYP3A4:0.078μmol·L-1vs 1780μmol·L-1)。②与空白对照组(86.4±6.3)nmol·g-1.min-1相比,SLI 3,10和30 mg·kg-1组CYP1A2活性分别为83.4±6.6,82.5±4.0和(83.4±6.6)nmol·g-1.min-1。与空白对照组(16.1±0.9)nmol·g-1.min-1比较,SLI 3,10和30 mg·kg-1组CYP3A活性分别为15.7±0.6,15.9±0.7和(15.9±1.0)nmol·g-1.min-1,无显著性差异。③以临床血药浓度为依据设计的一系列浓度的SLI 0.0002,0.0006,0.002,0.006,0.017,0.052,0.156和0.468 g.L-1的ATP酶活性分别与空白对照组进行比较(5.8,5.3,5.8,5.5,5.8,5.2,,5.8,5.3,vs 5.75μmol·g-1.min-1),无显著性差异。结论SLI临床给药剂量既不能体外抑制人CYP1A2,CYP2D6,CYP3A4,CYP2C19和CYP2C9酶活性,也不能诱导大鼠CYP1A2和CYP3A,同时也不是P-gp的体外抑制剂或底物。     

Effect of chronic disulfiram administration on the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and N-acetyltransferase in healthy human subjects

AIMS: Short-term disulfiram administration has been shown to selectively inhibit CYP2E1 activity but the effects of chronic disulfiram administration on the activities of drug metabolizing enzymes is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of disulfiram given for 11 days on selected drug metabolizing enzyme activities. METHODS: Seven healthy volunteers were given disulfiram 250 mg daily for 11 days. Activities of the drug metabolizing enzymes CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and N-acetyltransferase were determined using the probe drugs caffeine, mephenytoin, debrisoquine, chlorzoxazone, and dapsone, respectively. Chlorzoxazone was administered before disulfiram administration and after the second and eleventh doses of disulfiram, while the other probe drugs were given before disulfiram administration and after the eleventh disulfiram dose. RESULTS: Disulfiram administration markedly inhibited chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation by more than 95%, but did not affect metabolism of debrisoquine or mephenytoin. Caffeine N3-demethylation was decreased by 34% (P < 0.05). Monoacetyldapsone concentrations were markedly elevated by disulfiram administration resulting in a nearly 16-fold increase in the dapsone acetylation index, calculated as the plasma concentration ratio of monoacetyldapsone to dapsone. CYP-mediated dapsone N-hydroxylation was not significantly altered. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that disulfiram-mediated inhibition is predominantly selective for CYP2E1. The magnitude of CYP2E1 inhibition was similar after both acute and chronic disulfiram administration. The effects on caffeine N3-demethylation (CYP1A2) and dapsone metabolism suggest that chronic disulfiram administration may affect multiple drug metabolizing enzymes, which could potentially complicate the use of chronically administered disulfiram as a diagnostic inhibitor of CYP2E1.     

ROS generated by CYP450, especially CYP2E1, mediate mitochondrial dysfunction induced by tetrandrine in rat hepatocytes

Aim:

Tetrandrine, an alkaloid with a remarkable pharmacological profile, induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes; however, mitochondria are not the direct target of tetrandrine, which prompts us to elucidate the role of oxidative stress in tetrandrine-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and the sources of oxidative stress.

Methods:

Rat primary hepatocytes were isolated by two-step collagenase perfusion. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by analyzing ATP content, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the mitochondrial permeability transition. The oxidative stress was evaluated by examining changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH).

Results:

ROS scavengers largely attenuated the cytotoxicity induced by tetrandrine in rat hepatocytes, indicating the important role of ROS in the hepatotoxicity of tetrandrine. Of the multiple ROS inhibitors that were tested, only inhibitors of CYP450 (SKF-525A and others) reduced the ROS levels and ameliorated the depletion of GSH. Mitochondrial function assays showed that the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) induced by tetrandrine was inhibited by SKF-525A and vitamin C (VC), both of which also rescued the depletion of ATP levels and the mitochondrial membrane potential. Upon inhibiting specific CYP450 isoforms, we observed that the inhibitors of CYP2D, CYP2C, and CYP2E1 attenuated the ATP depletion that occurred following tetrandrine exposure, whereas the inhibitors of CYP2D and CYP2E1 reduced the ROS induced by tetrandrine. Overexpression of CYP2E1 enhanced the tetrandrine-induced cytotoxicity.

Conclusion:

We demonstrated that CYP450 plays an important role in the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by the administration of tetrandrine. ROS generated by CYP450, especially CYP2E1, may contribute to the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by tetrandrine.