燃煤氟对雌性大鼠下丘脑、垂体、卵巢脏器系数及组织TGF-β1表达的影响

目的 观察燃煤氟中毒模型雌鼠下丘脑、垂体、卵巢脏器系数变化及组织转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)表达情况,探讨氟对雌性大鼠性腺轴功能影响的可能机制。方法 120只雌性SD大鼠随机均分为对照组(正常饲料)、低氟组(25 mg/kg)、中氟组(50 mg/kg)及高氟组(100 mg/kg),连续喂养5个月,各组分别于第3、4及5个月处死10只大鼠,分离大鼠下丘脑、垂体和卵巢组织称重,采用氟离子选择电极法测定雌鼠尿氟和骨氟含量,观察氟斑牙的情况,计算各组织的脏器系数;采用免疫组化法测定雌鼠性腺轴组织中TGF-β1表达水平。结果 各染氟组的尿氟、骨氟含量高于对照组(P<0.05),并随染氟剂量的增加和时间延长呈上升趋势(P<0.05);除对照组外,各染氟组均有不同程度的氟斑牙,且检出率随染氟剂量的增加而增加(P<0.05);各染氟组雌性大鼠下丘脑、垂体组织脏器系数于各染氟时间段差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),长期氟暴露条件下高剂量组雌性大鼠卵巢脏器系数高于对照组(P<0.05);长期染毒情况下雌鼠下丘脑组织中TGF-β1表达随剂量增加呈先降后升趋势(P<...     

维生素C、E对氟中毒大鼠尿氟排泄的影响

目的：观察氟中毒大鼠尿氟排泄情况,探讨维生素C、E不同剂量以及单独和/或联合使用对氟中毒大鼠尿氟排泄的影响.方法：将90只Wistar大鼠随机分为9组,每组10只,经饮水投氟建立氟中毒动物模型,并通过灌胃补充维生素C、E,分别于实验第5周、第10周和第15周收集24 h尿液,采用氟离子选择性电极法测定尿氟含量.定期称体重,观察大鼠体重的变化.结果： 随着染毒时间的延长大鼠尿氟的排出量逐渐增加,尿氟含量在染毒第15周＞第10周＞第5周（P＜0.05）.补充维生素C和/或维生素E均可使大鼠尿氟含量显著增加.维生素C、E不同剂量组之间尿氟含量也有所不同,随着干预剂量的增加尿氟含量减少.结论：给予维生素C、E对氟中毒大鼠氟代谢有显著作用,可促进尿氟的排泄,阻断氟的吸收.维生素C、E在一定剂量范围内可拮抗氟的毒性作用,减轻氟中毒病情.     

慢性氟中毒大鼠肝脏中P-糖蛋白和细胞核因子-κB的表达水平

目的:研究慢性氟中毒大鼠肝脏中P-糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein,P-gp)和细胞核因子κB(Nuclear factorκB,NF-κB)的表达变化,探讨氟中毒肝脏损害的发病机理.方法:将60只SD大鼠随机分为3组,即对照组、小剂量染氟组和大剂量染氟组,分别给予自来水、加10 mg/L和50 mg/L氟(NaF)的的自来水喂养6个月观察3组大鼠氟斑牙程度及尿氟,同时取大鼠肝脏;采用蛋白印迹方法检测P-gp和NF-κB的蛋白表达水平,实时荧光定量PCR方法检测NF-κB mRNA表达水平.结果:6个月后,小剂量染氟组、大剂量染氟组大鼠氟斑牙程度及尿氟含量明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);小剂量染氟组、大剂量染氟组大鼠肝脏中P-gp和NF-κB蛋白和mRNA表达高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);小剂量染氟组、大剂量染氟组NF-κB mRNA表达高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:慢性氟中毒引起大鼠肝脏中P-gp和NF-κB表达明显升高,这可能与氟中毒性肝脏损伤的发生机制有关.     

芪蓟肾康颗粒总黄酮对IgA肾病大鼠血尿、蛋白尿及TNF-α和MCP-1表达的影响

目的 观察芪蓟肾康颗粒总黄酮对IgA肾病大鼠尿红细胞计数、24 h尿蛋白定量及TNF-α和MCP-1表达的影响,判定其治疗实验性IgA肾病的有效性,探讨其抑制炎症反应的作用机制.方法 采用口服牛血清白蛋白,皮下注射蓖麻油合并四氯化碳混合物,尾静脉注射脂多糖的方法复制实验性IgA肾病模型.将50只大鼠随机分成正常组,模型组,总黄酮高剂量组,总黄酮低剂量组,替米沙坦组,检测各实验组IgA肾病大鼠尿红细胞计数、24 h尿蛋白定量,用ELISA法检测大鼠血清中TNF-α和肾组织MCP-1含量.结果 模型组大鼠的尿红细胞计数(113.57±32.5)个/μL和24 h尿蛋白排出量(593.51±114.01)mg/24 h,血清中TNF-α(882.33±21.39)μmoL/L,肾组织MCP-1(23.53±4.13)μmol/L显著高于正常组(P<0.05);经治疗5周后,总黄酮高剂量组大鼠的尿红细胞计数为:(48.42±22.27)个/μL,总黄酮低剂量组为:(51.38±25.94)个/μL,替米沙坦组为:(59.15±11.01)个/μL;总黄酮高剂量组24 h尿蛋白排出量为:(286.46±134.33)mg/24 h,总黄酮低剂量组为:(358.43±167.79)mg/24 h,替米沙坦组为:(263.91±126.42)mg/24 h,显著低于模型组(P<0.05);黄酮高剂量组血清中TNF-α含量为:(844.00±95.12)μmol/L,黄酮低剂量组为:(943.44±132.32)μmol/L,替米沙坦组为:(713.44±20.1)μmol/L;黄酮高剂量肾组织MCP-1含量组为:(17.50±2.89μ)mol/L,黄酮低剂量组为:(19.68±2.94μ)mol/L,替米沙坦组为:(16.70±2.09μ)mol/L)明显少于模型组(P<0.05),各治疗组间比较无统计学意义.结论 芪蓟肾康颗粒总黄酮能有效降低IgA肾病大鼠尿红细胞计数,减少24 h尿蛋白的排出量,降低血清中TNF-α,肾组织MCP-1的表达,对实验性IgA肾病大鼠具有一定的治疗作用,抑制炎症反应.     

三硝基甲苯对恒河猴外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体互换的影响

目的了解三硝基甲苯(TNT)对恒河猴外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体互换(SCE)的影响,探讨TNT致突变性。方法给3组恒河猴不同剂量TNT经口染毒,取外周血按微量全血培养法加5-BrdU体外培养,制片后分析SCE频率情况。结果与对照组比较,60、120mg/kg组染毒后SCE频率均显著增加,差异有显著性(P<0·01);60mg/kg组从染毒前的(8·31±5·22)次/细胞升高到染毒后60d的(19·35±11·61)次/细胞和90d的(23·23±9·92)次/细胞,并呈剂量-反应关系;120mg/kg组染毒后SCE频率已达本次实验的最大值(28·85±9·39)次/细胞,和90d(27·58±8·57)次/细胞差异无显著性(P>0·05)。结论TNT可能存在致突变性。     

硒对氟致雄性大鼠生殖损害的拮抗作用

目的 :探讨硒对高氟所致雄性大鼠生殖损害的拮抗作用。方法 :1 0 0只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成对照组、氟 (NaF 1 5 0mg/L)组、氟加低硒 (0 .5mg/L亚硒酸钠 )组、氟 (NaF 1 5 0mg/L)加中硒 (2 .0mg/L亚硒酸钠 )组、氟(NaF 1 5 0mg/L)加高硒 (4 .0mg/L亚硒酸钠 )组 5组 ,通过饮水加氟、加硒的方法染毒 1 0周。观察氟、硒对大鼠体重、睾丸和附睾质量及其脏器系数 ,精子计数、活动率及畸形率 ,睾丸、附睾生化标志酶 ,血清性激素 ,睾丸组织病理切片以及初级精母细胞染色体畸形率的影响。结果 :①右侧睾丸质量对照组为 (1 .80± 0 .2 2 )g ,氟加高硒组为 (1 .6 1±0 .1 1 )g ,2者相比差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。②精子计数 :氟组 (9.2 3× 1 0 7ml-1 )、氟加中硒组 (37.6 7× 1 0 7ml-1 )与对照组 (2 8.6 0× 1 0 7ml-1 )比较 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;精子畸形率 :氟组 (36 .33% )氟加中硒组 (1 2 .70 % )与对照组 (1 4 .83% )比较 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;精子活动率 :氟组 (6 2 .0 7%± 6 .5 0 % )氟加中硒组 (6 8.2 1 %± 4 .99% )与对照组 (73.6 7%± 6 .5 1 % )比较 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 0 1 )。③LDH :氟组 ((5 79.4 7± 97.1 6 )u/g)、氟加中硒组 ((72 6 .1 3± 1 1     

TGF-β_1氟中毒大鼠肾脏的表达及意义

目的:用腹腔注射氟化钠水溶液的方法建立大鼠急性氟中毒模型,检测氟中毒大鼠肾脏TGF-β1的表达,探讨TGF-β1在氟中毒肾脏损害表达的意义。方法:选择健康成年SD(Sprague-Dawley)大鼠36只,雌雄各半,随机按照注射剂量分组为:高氟组12只(注射氟剂量为20 mg/kg),低氟组12只(注射氟剂量为10 mg/kg),对照组12只(注射0.9%NaCl 5 ml/kg)。采用腹腔注射方式,每2日1次,无氟饮食,分别于饲养后30天剖杀,测定各组大鼠体重差、肾重/体重比,氟中毒大鼠尿常规变化,氟中毒大鼠肾功能变化。离子电极法测量尿氟浓度,测量骨氟浓度,应用免疫组化方法检测肾脏TGF-β1分布和含量,应用HE染色方法显微镜下观察大鼠肾组织结构病理学改变。结果:①大鼠中毒表现:牙齿呈黄白相间的氟中毒体症,且随着染氟剂量的增加,牙齿变化明显,随染氟剂量的增高,尿氟和骨氟浓度增高,各组数据两两比较,P<0.05。②一般指标检测:测定各组大鼠体重差、肾重/体重比,氟中毒大鼠尿常规变化,氟中毒大鼠肾功能变化,各组间比较,P>0.05。③氟中毒大鼠肾组织形态学变化。HE染色:与对照组比较,染氟大鼠主要表现为肾小管上皮细胞水肿、渗出、坏死,细胞间界限不清,且随着染氟浓度增高,损伤改变加重,肾小球和肾间质改变轻微。④TGF-β1在肾小管上皮细胞的胞质中表达,随着染毒浓度增高,表达增强,与对照组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:①表明通过腹腔注射氟化钠氟大鼠制造肾损伤动物模型办法可靠;②氟中毒可引起肾结构损伤,且主要表现为肾小管上皮细胞损伤;③氟中毒TGF-β1主要在大鼠肾脏肾小管表达,可能是肾小管损伤与修复过程中的一对重要互逆平衡因素;④当出现明显氟斑牙等氟中毒表现时,染氟大鼠肾脏功能尚未出现损害,而此时肾脏显微结构已经发生显著改变。在肾功能出现损害前,TGF-β1的表达可以早期判断氟对肾脏集合系统的损害程度。     

伊维菌素原药对大鼠的亚急性吸入毒性研究

目的研究伊维菌素原药对大鼠亚急性吸入毒性,求出最大无作用剂量。方法采用SPF级Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠,共72只,随机分成6组,每组12只,雌雄各半。设190、380、750 mg/m3等3个剂量组和1个溶剂对照组(0.03%吐温-80溶液),另设1个空白对照和1个附加组(750 mg/m3)。采用动式(口鼻式)吸入染毒,每天染毒1次,持续4 h,每周染毒5 d,直至28 d,附加组动物停止染毒后继续观察14 d。试验结束后,分别对动物作血液常规、生化、体重及脏器系数等测定,并进行组织病理学检查。结果 750 mg/m3剂量组雌雄大鼠在染毒后期出现被毛蓬松、呆滞、流涎、震颤等中毒反应。750 mg/m3剂量组雌鼠食物利用率下降,血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平升高(P0.01),肝脏器系数(脏体比)升高(P0.05),且病理组织学检查发现部分大鼠肝细胞混浊肿胀现象;750 mg/m3剂量组雄鼠染毒第4周的体重下降,血清尿素氮(BUN)和ALT水平升高(P0.01),总胆固醇(CHOL)水平下降(P0.05)。结论伊维菌素原药对大鼠亚急性吸入毒性试验的最大无作用剂量雌、雄性均为380 mg/m3(4 h/d)。     

利福喷丁的药代动力学研究

报道用改进的高效液相色谱法测定利福喷丁在大鼠血液、组织、胆汁、粪和尿中的药物浓度。结果表明,大鼠口服三种剂量(100,50,10mg/kg)后在144h的血液浓度仍分别为11.97±3.11,0.95±0.51,0.16±0.04μg/ml;大鼠口服50mg/kg后在144h时,肝、肺、肾等主要脏器的浓度平均为1.41±0.24,0.66±0.21,0.77±0.31μg/g显示出一定的长效性。大鼠口服三种剂量后的半衰期分别为53.61±7.42,25.69±3.69,24.35±1.09h,提示剂量在50mg和10mg/kg时,利福喷丁的体内过程呈现一级动力学模型,而在剂量100mg/kg时,则表现出非线性动力学的特征。     

丙溴磷及其混配农药对小鼠学习记忆功能的影响

目的研究丙溴磷及其混配农药对小鼠学习记忆功能的影响。方法将小鼠随机分为丙溴磷染毒组、丙溴磷与氰戊菊酯混配染毒组、丙溴磷与灭多威混配染毒组和对照组。3个染毒组分别给予3种染毒剂量进行染毒,于染毒前和染毒24h后进行小鼠跳台试验。结果丙溴磷染毒组与2个混配农药染毒组的高、中剂量组跳台试验受电击次数、电击总时间、首次错误潜伏时分别为(64.90±36.32)次、(6.10±3.60)s、(119.52±55.94)s,(86.90±32.16)次、(5.00±2.09)s、(66.20±37.98)s;(74.20±27.88)次、(2.90±1.45)s、(86.90±31.12)s,(103.10±32.75)次、(2.10±1.29)s、(60.50±39.83)s;(76.40±35.28)次、(3.60±1.96)s、(101.30±38.74)s,(156.30±70.57)次、(1.60±0.97)s、(56.80±31.57)s。与对照组比较,丙溴磷染毒组中的高、中剂量组与2个混配农药染毒组高剂量组跳台试验受电击次数、电击总时间明显增加(P<0.05,P<0.01)、首次错误潜伏时明显缩短(P<0.01)。结论丙溴磷及其混配农药能降低小鼠学习记忆功能,其中丙溴磷的作用可能更为重要。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.