陈氏胰肠吻合技术在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用效果观察

目的 观察胰十二指肠切除术中采取陈氏胰肠吻合技术的临床应用效果及安全性。方法 回顾性选择行胰十二指肠切除术的患者100例,术中行陈氏胰肠吻合技术60例(陈氏改良组)、行传统胰管空肠黏膜吻合技术42例(传统组)。比较两组术中相关指标(胰肠吻合时间、出血量)及住院时间,术后胰瘘(分为A、B、C级)、再次手术、腹腔感染、胃排空障碍、消化道出血发生情况及存活情况。结果 陈氏改良组术中胰肠吻合时间及住院时间均短于传统组(P均<0.05);两组术中出血量比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。陈氏改良组术后发生胰瘘10例(16.7%),其中A级2例(3.3%)、B级5例(8.4%)、C级3例(5.0%);传统组术后发生胰瘘14例(33.3%),其中A级4例(9.5%)、B级6例(14.3%)、C级4例(9.5%);陈氏改良组术后胰瘘发生率低于传统组(P<0.05)。两组再次手术及术后腹腔感染、胃排空障碍、消化道出血发生率比较均无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。陈氏改良组病死3例(5.0%),传统组5例(11.9%),两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 与传统胰管空肠黏...     

胰十二指肠切除术若干进展

胰十二指肠切除术若干进展赵玉沛（北京协和医院北京１００７３０）自１９３５年Ｗｈｉｐｐｌｅ等首先报告应用胰十二指肠切除术成功地切除了一例壶腹癌，并于１９４５年提出这种手术的标准方案后，该手术已在世界范围内得到了广泛应用。但由于胰二十指肠切除术操作步骤多...     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰肠吻合口瘘临床分析

目的：回顾分析胰十二指肠切除术后发生胰肠吻合口瘘病例以减少手术并发症。方法：对1986年1月－2001年6月62例胰十二指肠切除术病例资料行回顾性分析。结果：62例中，发生胰肠吻合口瘘9例，发生率14．5％，其中1986年1月－1991年12月发生胰肠吻合口瘘5例，发生率62．5％（5／8）；1992年1月－2001年6月发生胰肠吻合口瘘4例，发生率7．4％（4／54）。围手术期死亡2例，死亡率3．2％，占胰瘘的22．2％。死因为胰瘘致全身衰竭。结论：要降低胰肠吻合口瘘的发生率，重点在于手术技巧及方式的改进。手术前后的支持治疗、应用生长抑制、控制感染、有效的胃肠减压是必须的。一旦发生胰瘘，若早期诊断，及时采取综合治疗，可以使绝大部分的胰肠吻合口瘘得到治愈。     

胰十二指肠切除术中的胰空肠吻合

我院自1977年至2000年共施行胰十二指肠切除术52例,无一例并发胰瘘,无一例手术死亡。现仅就该手术中胰空肠吻合部的处理方法,作一介绍讨论。     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰肠吻合口瘘临床分析

目的回顾分析胰十二指肠切除术后发生胰肠吻合口瘘病例以减少手术并发症.方法对1986年1月～2001年6月62例胰十二指肠切除术病例资料行回顾性分析.结果 62例中,发生胰肠吻合口瘘9例,发生率14.5%,其中1986年1月～1991年12月发生胰肠吻合口瘘5例,发生率62.5%(5/8);1992年1月～2001年6月发生胰肠吻合口瘘4例,发生率7.4%(4/54).围手术期死亡2例,死亡率3.2%,占胰瘘的22.2%.死因为胰瘘致全身衰竭.结论要降低胰肠吻合口瘘的发生率,重点在于手术技巧及方式的改进.手术前后的支持治疗、应用生长抑素、控制感染、有效的胃肠减压是必须的.一旦发生胰瘘,若早期诊断,及时采取综合治疗,可以使绝大部分的胰肠吻合口瘘得到治愈.     

胰十二指肠切除、胰空肠翻转套入吻合预防胰头壶腹癌切除术后胰瘘30例报告

20 0 1年12月至2 0 0 3年6月,我们对30例胰头、壶腹部癌行胰十二指肠切除术后,采用胰空肠翻转套入吻合术,吻合平均耗时约10分钟,无手术死亡,无胰瘘,术后平均住院(10±1.9)天,效果满意。现报告如下。临床资料:本组30例中男2 0例,女10例;年龄33～77岁,平均5 6 .4岁。进行性加重黄疸2 8例,上腹包块2例,隐痛不适2 9例,巩膜及皮肤黏膜轻度黄染16例,中度黄染8例,重度黄染6例,总胆红素及间接胆红素升高,正常值2倍以上者2 8例,2倍以内2例。血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(AL T)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)升高,正常值2倍以上者2 6例,2倍以内者4例。CT检…     

胰十二指肠切除术中捆绑式胰肠吻合预防胰漏的作用

胰漏为胰十二指肠切除术后最常见、最严重的并发症之一。2004年10月～2006年10月,我们在16例胰十二指肠切除术中采用捆绑式胰肠吻合法,术后均未发生胰漏。现报告如下。     

胰十二指肠切除术并发胰瘘的原因及预防

目的探讨胰十二指肠切除术并发胰瘘的原因及其预防方法。方法回顾性分析25例胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料。结果术后并发胰瘘4例（4/25）,其中行胰空肠端侧吻合3例（3/8）,空肠套入捆绑式吻合1例（1/17）。结论胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的发生与手术方式相关,捆绑式胰肠吻合发生胰瘘的几率较小。胰管内放置引流管能减少胰瘘的发生。     

胰头十二指肠切除术

胰头十二指肠切除术是普通外科最复杂的手术之一.近年来,采用胰头十二指肠切除治疗良恶性病变增加.一方面,放射学水平的进展利于病变的精确诊断和治疗;另一方面,也归功于围术期处理水平的提高和外科手术技术的进步.湖南省人民医院肝胆医院1990-01/2007-12施行胰头十二指肠切除术604例,手术死亡率仅0.3%,手术效果优良.本文以胰头癌手术为例,介绍我们关于胰头十二指肠切除术的一些经验.     

改良胆肠、胰肠吻合重建在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

总结52例胰十二指肠切除术治疗胆总管下段癌、十二指肠乳头癌及胰头癌的近期治疗结果。其中采用改良胰空肠单层褥式套入端端吻合，胆肠单层内翻缝合术12例。施行标准Whipple术40例。认为行改良术式的胆肠、胰肠吻合操作简便，安全可靠，并发症少，优于标准的Whipple术式。     

经腹壁空肠造瘘行ERCP在消化道重建患者中的临床应用

目的探讨消化道重建患者经腹壁空肠造瘘行ERCP诊疗的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析22例经腹壁空肠造瘘行ERCP诊疗的消化道重建患者的疗效及并发症发生情况。结果22例均一次性完成经腹壁空肠造瘘,其中21例（95．5％）成功完成ERCP诊疗,内镜通过瘘口到达乳头或胆肠吻合口处的时间为6—34min,平均为18．4min;另外1例失败。ERCP诊断吻合口狭窄10例、肿瘤复发8例、胆总管结石1例、内支架堵塞1例,1例未见明显异常。置入塑料胆道内支架9例,置入金属胆道支架7例,更换塑料内支架1例,取石1例,仅行柱状球囊扩张2例。术后并发早期切口感染4例,并发胆道感染1例,并发肠瘘1例。结论对于消化道重建患者经腹壁空肠造瘘行ERCP是一种安全、有效、微创的治疗方法,可以在临床上推广使用。     

Reappraisal of a method of reconstruction after pancreatoduodenectomy

BACKGROUND/AIMS: After pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), pancreatic leak and the functional pancreatic and gastrointestinal disorders are the most important complications. Still there is no single method which takes care of all of them. After identifying the various reasons behind these complications, the senior author started performing the present method in the 1980s. Since then we have been able to bring these complications to a very low incidence. The present study is designed to substantiate the claims of various advantages of this method of PD and reconstruction and to explain the rationale behind this method. METHODOLOGY: This is a retrospective study of 225 consecutive PD procedures done for periampullary cancers, during the period of 1993-2004. The shortterm and long-term results assessed were mortality rate, morbidity rate, early reoperation, survival, steatorrhea, pancreatic enzyme supplementation requirement, occurrence of bile gastritis, dumping, new onset of diabetes, marginal ulcers, cholangitis, postoperative weight trends and frequency of hospital readmission for symptom management. Follow-up was done 6 monthly in all the patients with the aim of diagnosis of recurrence and assessment of long-term gastrointestinal and pancreatic function and nutritional status. In addition, in 15 patients, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) with gastric and jejunal biopsy, 99Tc-HIDA scan, determination of fecal fat loss after a standard 100-g fat diet for three days, fecal elastase-1 measurement (ELISA) and MRCP were done to objectively document the changes in gastrointestinal and pancreatic function. The data were compared with the results available in the literature. RESULTS: The mean age was 56 years with a range of 27-85 years. There were 130 males and 95 females. Preoperatively 18 patients had diabetes and preoperative weight loss varied from 5-30 kilograms with a mean of 12 kilograms. Of all the PD cases 57 were for ampullary, 70 were for lower end cholangiocarcinoma and 98 were for pancreatic head cancer. The postoperative complications occurred in the form of intra-abdominal bleed (5), pancreaticojejunostomy leak (12), intra-abdominal abscess (4) and pneumonia (5). Delayed gastric emptying was not seen in any of the patients. In 8/12 patients with PJ leak the closure was achieved with the conservative treatment. The 30-day mortality was 6/225 (2.66%). The causes were sepsis in 3, intra-abdominal bleed in 2 and pulmonary embolism in 1 patient. There was no mortality related to PJ leak. The median follow-up was of 36 months. The overall 5-year survival for ampullary, lower end cholangio- and pancreatic head carcinoma were 65%, 25% and 20% respectively. After surgery none of the patients had clinical evidence of steatorrhea, gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, cholangitis, dumping and there was no new case of diabetes. After 6-12 months 80% of the patients gained weight similar to their preoperative levels. UGIE with gastric and jejunal biopsies, 99Tc-HIDA scan, fecal fat loss estimation, fecal elastase estimation and MRCP were done in 15 patients and were found to be normal. CONCLUSIONS: Our method of PD and reconstruction produces encouraging results with respect to PJ leak, mortality, DGE, malabsorption, bile gastritis, dumping, marginal ulcers and diabetes. We recommend this technique as a safe and effective method even to the low volume centers.     

腹腔镜胃癌手术消化道重建与术后胃食管反流病

腹腔镜技术在过去20余年里的长足进步对胃癌的外科治疗具有非凡意义,如今的微创手术不仅在肿瘤根治手段上日益规范成熟,也更关注功能的保留与保护。腹腔镜胃癌根治术中的消化道重建与术后生理功能密切相关,同时决定着手术的成败。随着器械的发展与技术的进步,消化道重建方法正不断革新,本文就其中几种术式与重建后胃食管反流病的发生做一述评。     

三角吻合术应用于全腹腔镜胃癌根治术后消化道重建的效果分析

目的探讨三角吻合术应用于全腹腔镜胃癌根治术后消化道重建的效果。方法选取2014-01~2017-01于该院行全腹腔镜胃癌根治术60例患者,按术式分为三角吻合术组(观察组)30例和BillrothⅡ式吻合术组(对照组)30例,将两组患者的一般治疗情况及手术前后营养指标(总蛋白、白蛋白)水平差值进行对比分析,明确三角吻合术消化道重建效果。结果两组患者吻合时间、术中失血量、排气时间、淋巴结清扫数量、肿瘤组织远近段切缘长度、住院时间等一般治疗情况及术前与术后营养指标差值对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);但观察组患者术后镇痛药物数量略少于对照组,且术前与术后6个月的营养指标水平差值较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);身体质量指数(BMI)差值也低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);同时,观察组术后并发症发生率仅为6.67%,略低于对照组的13.33%,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论三角吻合术应用于全腹腔镜胃癌根治术不仅安全可行,较BillrothⅡ式吻合术减少术后疼痛,其对患者营养状态及BMI的远期影响也更佳。     

A modified reconstruction method to prevent critical complications after pancreatoduodenectomy

BACKGROUND/AIMS: A new method of reconstructing the pancreatic stump after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is necessary to improve the postoperative mortality rate. Thus, we modified the pancreatoenteric procedure to reduce anastomotic leakage from the pancreatic stump after PD, and we conducted a study to evaluate the usefulness of the new procedure on the basis of patients' postoperative condition. METHODOLOGY: We compared the postoperative condition of 21 patients who underwent PD with the new separated loop (SL) reconstruction (6 men, 11 women; mean age, 67.7+/-7.2 years) to that of 31 patients (12 men, 19 women; mean age, 66.8+/-10.3 years) who underwent PD with pancreatogastrostomy (PG). In the SL reconstruction procedure, the proximal jejunum is brought up behind the colon, and an end-to-side choledochojejunostomy is made with a single layer of interrupted sutures. Approximately 20cm of the jejunum is fitted with a fixed stomach tube for postoperative enteral feeding, and the cut proximal jejunum is positioned next to the pancreatic stump. A pancreatic tube is inserted into the lumen of the pancreatic duct and fixed without closing the pancreatic duct. Pancreatojejunostomy is achieved as an end-to-end anastomosis with the pancreatic stump telescoping into the proximal jejunum. Approximately 20cm of the jejunum is anastomosed side-to-end to the stomach, and end-to-side jejunojejunostomy is made to complete a Y-type reconstruction. Each patient's postoperative condition was also assessed on the basis of serum albumin (ALB), cholinesterase and total cholesterol (T-CHO) levels on postoperative days (PODs) 14 and 28. RESULTS: A high level of amylase in drainage fluid was noted in two (6.5%) and delayed gastric emptying in four (12.9%) of the patients in the PG group. There were no complications in the SL group. Postoperative levels of ALB on POD 14 and T-CHO on POD 28 were significantly higher than in the PG group. CONCLUSIONS: The SL method is safe and does not induce complications after PD. Our results indicate that this method may provide a favored outcome.     

Pancreaticojejunostomy,hepaticojejunostomy and double Roux-en-Y digestive tract reconstruction for benign pancreatic diseases

Surgery such as digestive tract reconstruction is usually required for pancreatic trauma and severe pancreatitis as well as malignant pancreatic lesions. The most common digestive tract reconstruction techniques (e.g., Child’s type reconstruction) for neoplastic diseases of the pancreatic head often encompass pancreaticojejunostomy, choledochojejunostomy and then gastrojejunostomy with pancreaticoduodenectomy, whereas these techniques may not be applicable in benign pancreatic diseases due to an integrated stomach and duodenum in these patients. In benign pancreatic diseases, the aforementioned reconstruction will not only increase the distance between the pancreaticojejunostomy and choledochojejunostomy, but also the risks of traction, twisting and angularity of the jejunal loop. In addition, postoperative complications such as mixed fistula are refractory and life-threatening after common reconstruction procedures. We here introduce a novel pancreaticojejunostomy, hepaticojejunostomy and double Roux-en-Y digestive tract reconstruction in two cases of benign pancreatic disease, thus decreasing not only the distance between the pancreaticojejunostomy and choledochojejunostomy, but also the possibility of postoperative complications compared to common reconstruction methods. Postoperatively, the recovery of these patients was uneventful and complications such as bile leakage, pancreatic leakage and digestive tract obstruction were not observed during the follow-up period.     

Meta-analysis of antecolic versus retrocolic gastric reconstruction after a pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy

Introduction

Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is a common complication after a pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPD) and is associated with significant morbidity. This study determines whether DGE is affected by antecolic (AC) or retrocolic (RC) reconstruction after a PPPD.

Method

An electronic search was performed of the MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed databases to identify all articles related to this topic. Pooled risk ratios (RR) were calculated for categorical outcomes, and mean differences (MD) for secondary continuous outcomes using the fixed-effects and random-effects models for meta-analysis.

Results

Nine studies including 878 patients met the inclusion criteria. DGE was lower with an AC reconstruction RR 0.31 [0.12, 0.78] Z = 2.47 (P = 0.010). Length of stay (LOS) MD −4 days [−7.63, −1.14] Z = 2.65 (P = 0.008) and days to commence a solid diet MD −5 days [−6.63, −3.15] Z = 5.50 (P ≤ 0.000) were also significantly in favour of the AC group. There was no difference in the incidence of pancreatic fistula, intra-abdominal collection/bile leak or mortality between the two groups.

Conclusion

AC reconstruction after PPPD is associated with a lower incidence of DGE. Time to oral intake was significantly shorter with AC reconstruction, with a reduced hospital stay.     

Effects of two methods of reconstruction of digestive tract after total gastrectomy on gastrointestinal motility in rats

AIM: To compare the effects of Roux-en-Y and jejunum interposition reconstruction procedures after total gastrectomy on intestinal motility.METHODS: Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the control group (C), the laparotomy group (L), the jejunal transection group (JT) where the jejunum was transected 10 cm distal from the Treitz ligament and anastomosed, the Roux-en-Y group (RY) and the jejunal interposition group (JI) after total gastrectomy. To evaluate intestinal transit, the animals were given 0.1 ml Evans Blue solution through an orogastric tube. The rats were executed by CO2 inhalation 30 minutes later and the intestinal transmit was determined as the distance between the site of esophageojejunal anastomosis and the most distal site of small intestine colored with blue.RESULTS: One month after operation, the body weight of rats among JI and RY were almost identical (274.6±9.5 vs 270.4±10.6, P＞0.05), but were significantly lighter than those of JT and L group. Four months after the operation, the body weight in the JI group increased compared to the preoperative level (345.2±15.7 g vs 299.5±8.3 g, P＜0.01).However, the body weight of RY group decreased compared to preoperative (255.1±11.3 g vs 295.0±12.0 g, P＜0.01).The difference was more significant at six months postoperative. Small bowel transmit time in RY was slower than that in JI group and C group (P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Changes of body weight and intestinal motility in JI group are less influenced than in RY group.