Total knee arthroplasty: periprosthetic tibial fractures

A classification for periprosthetic tibial fractures is presented. It is based on the anatomic location of the fracture in reference to the tibial component; whether the fracture occurred during surgery or in the postoperative period; and whether the prosthesis is radiographically well-fixed or loose. A treatment algorithm is proposed for each fracture type.     

Medial tibial plateau fracture complicating unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

We describe a new cause of a medial tibial plateau fracture complicating the early postoperative rehabilitation following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. The patient was successfully treated by open reduction and internal fixation by buttress plating the fracture and retaining the prosthesis. The treatment option used proved to be successful, although careful patient selection for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty should be recommended to decrease the risk of this complication.     

Periprosthetic fracture of the tibial plateau after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

The authors report three cases of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), complicated with peri-operative periprosthetic fracture of the tibial plateau. The surgical technique was held responsible in all cases. The initial treatment was different in every case; all patients ultimately underwent revision total knee arthroplasty with a good functional outcome. The authors emphasise the importance of careful preparation of the tibial plateau during UKA, adequate sizing of the tibial component and caution when using a hammer during implantation of the tibial component. When a tibial plateau fracture occurs, the treatment of choice should be immediate revision total knee arthroplasty.     

Total knee arthroplasty after complex tibial plateau fractures

Total knee arthroplasty following complex fractures of the tibial plateau is considered a challenge for orthopaedic surgeons and clinical outcomes may vary. A total of 29 total knee replacements were performed after a tibial plateau fracture: 25 patients (16 women, 9 men; average age: 57 years; mean follow-up: 92 months) were available. We had two significative complications: one partial avulsion of the patellar tendon, conservatively treated by bracing, and one case of deep venous thromboembolism, managed with low molecular weight heparin. In two cases (8%) there was a failure of the implant; nine cases were excellent, nine good, four fair and one poor. A percentage of patients with previous complex proximal tibia fractures had an increased rate of postoperative complications due to anatomical deformity, functional deficiency and post-traumatic arthritis and required solutions similar to revision surgery. Total knee arthroplasty is a suitable solution for the treatment of these challenging cases: compared to primary knee replacement, final KSS score is generally lower, but improvement is similar due to poorer pre-operative scores.     

Total knee arthroplasty and fractures of the tibial plateau

Tibial plateau fractures are common injuries that occur in a bimodal age distribution. While there are various treatment options for displaced tibial plateau fractures, the standard of care is open reduction and internal fixation(ORIF). In physiologically young patients with higher demand and better bone quality, ORIF is the preferred method of treating these fractures. However, future total knee arthroplasty(TKA) is a consideration in these patients as post-traumatic osteoarthritis is a common long-term complication of tibial plateau fractures. In older, lower demand patients, ORIF is potentially less favorable for a variety of reasons, namely fixation failure and the need for delayed weight bearing. In some of these patients, TKA can be considered as primary mode of treatment. This paper will review the literature surrounding TKA as both primary treatment and as a salvage measure in patients with fractures of the tibial plateau. The outcomes, complications, techniques and surgical challenges are also discussed.     

双钢板治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折

2007年7月-2010年5月,我院采用双钢板内固定结合植骨治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折,效果良好。 1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组42例,男29例,女13例,年龄18-67岁。骨折按Schatzker分型：Ⅴ型22例,Ⅵ型20例。均为闭合性骨折。合并伤：半月板损伤8例,前交叉韧带损伤2例,膝内侧副韧带损伤5例,外侧副韧带损伤2例,腘动脉断裂1例,合并其他部位骨折19例。     

Navigation of the tibial plateau alone appears to be sufficient in computer-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Purpose

The aim of this study was to present our technique to implant unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) using navigation and to give our first results regarding the accuracy of the device.

Methods

A total of 33 patients with medial femorotibial osteoarthritis (31) or avascular necrosis (2) were included in this study. The mean preoperative hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle was 172.7?±?2.2° (range 167?C177°) and the preoperative planning aimed to reach an HKA angle between 175 and 179° (177?±?2°), a tibial varus at 3?±?1°, which means a tibial mechanical angle (TMA) close to 87?±?1°, and posterior tibial slope at 3?±?2°. In all cases, we used the OrthoPilot? device with dedicated software allowing us to navigate only the tibial plateau.

Results

The preoperative plan was reached in 93.9?% of cases for HKA angle, 84.8?% for TMA and 100?% for the posterior slope.

Conclusions

Unicompartmental knee navigation is reliable. The navigation of only the tibial bone cut is a reasonable option as has been shown in this study. Its role is invaluable in the positioning of mobile-bearing UKA, where the risk of overcorrection should not be underestimated.     

Fixation of tibial pilon fractures with percutaneous cannulated screws

Closed reduction and internal fixation with percutaneous cannulated screws was performed on seven patients with closed pilon fractures. The mean follow-up was 30.6 months. They were assessed using a subjective scoring system. The average score was 90.8/100. This method of fixation avoids extensive soft tissue dissection and gives excellent results. To our knowledge, this method of closed reduction and stabilisation of pilon fractures solely by percutaneously inserted cannulated screws has not been previously reported.     

膝内侧单髁置换两种假体胫骨组件的荟萃分析

[目的]采用循证医学的方法评价膝内侧单髁置换全聚乙烯胫骨组件(all-polyethylene prosthesis, AP)与金属背托组件(metal backed prosthesis, MB)的临床疗效。[方法]收集2018年10月以前发表的比较膝关节内侧单髁假体MB与AP的随机对照或非随机回顾性对照研究,对两种胫骨组件假体置换术后膝关节活动度、股骨胫骨角、并发症、再手术率、Kaplan-Meier生存分析等指标进行统计学分析。[结果]共9项研究,涉及1139病人,1169侧膝内侧单髁置换符合纳入标准列入本研究。AP组和MB组在术后活动度和股骨胫骨角的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);但AP组术后持续疼痛率、再手术率高于MB组,而AP组生存率低于MB组(P<0.05)。两组在外侧间室骨关节炎进展、胫骨平台骨折、假体下沉、假体磨损率的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在平均随访时间小于5年的对比研究中,AP组持续疼痛率、假体松动和再手术率均高于MB组(P<0.05)。在平均随访时间大于5年的对比研究中,AP组持续疼痛率显著高于MB组(P<0.05),而两组间假体松动、再手术率、外侧间室骨关节炎进展率、假体磨损率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]本研究结果表明:AP假体的术后持续疼痛发生率、假体松动率、总并发症率和再手术率高于MB假体,而AP假体的生存率低于MB假体。     

Treatment of bicondylar tibial plateau fractures with lateral locking plates

Bicondylar tibial plateau fractures usually include damage to the soft tissue, and efforts to fix both the lateral and medial columns with plates can result in tissue loss and infection.     

膝关节单髁置换术胫骨假体术前定位的临床研究

[目的]探究膝关节单髁置换术胫骨假体精准定位的方法及其对临床疗效的影响。[方法]2014年6月~2014年12月,116例膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎患者,随机分成两组进行单髁置换术,术前定位组60膝,传统手术组56膝。术前定位组采用术前定位方法,即调整胫骨截骨导向器杆冠状面与胫骨嵴平行、矢状面远端距离皮肤1.80cm进行胫骨平台截骨;传统手术组采用牛津MP操作手册推荐的方法,即胫骨导向器在两个平面上均与胫骨长轴平行进行胫骨平台截骨。测量比较两组患者术后胫骨假体内外翻角(TCVA),胫骨假体后倾角(TCPSA)及HSS评分。[结果]术后平均随访12个月,术前定位组和传统手术组术后的胫骨假体内外翻角度分别为(0.92±1.81)°和(1.61±2.51)°(t=-1.072,P=0.288),胫骨假体后倾角度分别为(6.91±0.85)°和(7.32±1.73)°(t=-1.081,P=0.284),两组之间差异均无统计学意义,但术前定位组的胫骨假体内外翻角及后倾角更接近0°和7°,并且离散度小,更加精准。两组间术前、术后2周、6个月和1年的HSS评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]:本研究采用的术前定位方法能提高单髁置换术胫骨假体定位精确性,并取得了满意的临床效果。     

Minimally invasive versus conventional unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Introduction  

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has been proven to be a viable procedure in case of medial osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques have been described to facilitate recovery after surgery. The aim of this study was to rule out major failure mechanisms and to obtain clinical data for comparison between a conventional and the MIS approach.     

胫骨高位截骨术与单髁置换术治疗膝内侧间室骨关节炎的疗效

目的 探讨胫骨高位截骨术(HTO)与单髁置换术(UKA)治疗膝内侧间室骨关节炎的疗效.方法 将60例膝内侧间室骨关节炎患者按治疗方法的不同分为HTO组和UKA组,每组30例.比较术中出血量、手术时间、术后引流量、并发症发生情况.记录两组术前及末次随访时疼痛VAS评分、Tegner膝关节运动评分、HSS评分.结果 患者均...     

Classification of periprosthetic fractures complicating total knee arthroplasty

As the total number of knee arthroplasties increase, the frequency with which periprosthetic fractures will be encountered can be expected to increase as well. The classification of these fractures is an important aspect in the development of an understanding of these problems. Adequate classification systems allow accurate communication between researchers and comparisons to be made between different techniques. Classification systems also allow algorithms to be developed to guide clinicians in the diagnosis, investigation, and treatment of these fractures. The authors present an outline of the classification systems described for fractures occurring in relation to total knee arthroplasty.     

Outcomes of periprosthetic distal femur fractures following total knee arthroplasty: Intramedullary nailing versus plating

BackgroundPeriprosthetic distal femur fractures (PPDFFs) present a challenge in terms of optimizing fixation in patients with poor bone quality and limited bone stock. The main treatment options include laterally based plating and intramedullary nailing. We hypothesized that treatment of PPDFFs with intramedullary nails would result in improved union rate, fewer complications, and an equivalent rate of malalignment compared to plating.Materials and methodsCases of PPDFFs were identified through a query of our institutional trauma database between 2011-2018. Adult patients (>18 years) were included if they sustained a fracture of the distal femur around a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) that was not initially treated at another institution. The anatomic lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA) and the anatomic posterior distal femoral angle (aPDFA) were measured on the follow-up radiographs.ResultsNinety-seven PPDFFs in 97 patients, with a mean age of 76 years and 74% female were identified. Plating was used in 74 patients (76%) and 23 patients (24%) were treated with intramedullary nailing. Extension deformity in the sagittal plane was more common following intramedullary nailing compared to plating (10/23 nailing versus 10/74 plating) (p=0.002). There were 12 reoperations (12/75, 16%), and the method of fixation was not associated with rate of reoperation (p=0.9).ConclusionIntramedullary nailing was associated with an increased risk of malalignment, most commonly an extension deformity, in this series. However, malalignment was not associated with worse outcomes.     

Standard versus customised locking plates for fixation of schatzker ii tibial plateau fractures

Aim3D-printed implants could improve the capture of fracture fragments for improved stability of tibial plateau fracture fixation. The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical strength of fixation constructs using standard and customised 3D-printed proximal tibial locking plates for fixation of tibial plateau fractures.MethodsThis is a biomechanical study utilising six pairs of cadaveric tibiae. Fractures were created in an identical fashion using an osteotome and mallet, and fixed using either a standard, commercially-available proximal tibia locking plate or a customised 3D-printed plate. Design and production of the customised plates followed a “3D printing at point-of-care” model. Customised stainless steel 316 L plates were produced within a local additive manufacturing laboratory based upon pre-operative CT scans. Determination of implant choice within each cadaver pair was performed via simple randomisation. Following fracture fixation, the tibiae were skeletalised and biomechanically tested using a customised loading jig and a size-matched femoral knee prosthesis. The constructs were loaded cyclically from 100 N to approximately three times the cadaveric body-weight at 5 Hz for 10 000 cycles. Every 1000 cycles, the test was paused and the tibia was physically checked for failure. If failure had not occurred by the end of the testing cycle, the construct was loaded to failure and the load at which the construct failed was noted.ResultsFixation constructs using the 3D-printed plates performed comparably to those using the standard plates. There was no significant difference in the degree of fracture fragment displacement in both constructs. Overall longitudinal construct stiffness and load to failure was higher in the 3D-plates group but this did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionProduction of customised plates for proximal tibia fractures at point-of-care is feasible, however fixation constructs with these plates did not provide any biomechanical advantage over standard plates in terms of axial loading stiffness.