广州市12岁儿童恒牙龋病影响因素分析

目的研究广州市12岁儿童恒牙龋病状况及其影响因素。方法采用多阶段、分层、等容量、随机抽样的方法,抽取广州市12岁儿童720名,男女各半,进行口腔健康检查和口腔问卷调查。数据采用SPSS13.0统计软件处理,分析12岁儿童恒牙患龋率与影响因素的关系。结果广州市12岁儿童恒牙患龋率为30.1%,女生患龋率高于男生;龋均为0.57。经多因素Logistic逐步回归分析,发现是否独生子女、喝牛奶或酸奶的频率、是否听说过含氟牙膏这3个因素与12岁儿童恒牙龋病显著关联（P〈0.05）。结论非独生子女、没有听说过含氟牙膏是危险因素（OR〉1）,儿童恒牙龋病概率大;喝奶频率高是保护因素（OR〈1）,这些儿童恒牙龋病概率小。     

厦门市3～6岁儿童患龋危险因素分析

目的分析厦门市3-6岁儿童龋病发生的相关因素并进行危险性评估，为全面制定儿童龋病预防的综合措施，尤其是为高危患龋儿童的口腔健康保健提供依据。方法采取多阶段、分层、整群抽样的方法，对厦门市幼儿园3-6岁儿童进行患龋情况调查，并通过发放问卷，对患儿的生长发育、饮食习惯、口腔行为、家庭情况、生活环境、干预措施等6个方面的16个变量进行χ^2检验及Logisticforward回归分析，建立回归模型。结果厦门市3-6岁儿童的乳牙患龋率为71．77％，龋均为4．70，龋面均为7．43。月龄、进食碳酸饮料频率、睡前进食、进食奶制品频率、开始刷牙年龄、家长受教育程度、托幼机构、居住地、家长的口腔保健知识、局部用氟、子女数目、进食甜食频率等与儿童龋病的发生具有相关性，性别、每天刷牙次数、牙膏种类和家庭收入与儿童龋病的发生无相关性。建立的儿童龋病回归模型可在一定程度上对患龋危险性进行预测。结论对儿童龋病应综合防治，从小培养儿童健康的饮食习惯，加强对家长的口腔健康知识教育，并合理局部用氟。     

上海5岁儿童乳牙患龋状况及危险因素分析

目的了解上海5岁儿童龋病流行情况及易感因素。方法对上海市15所幼儿园1478名5岁幼儿进行口腔检查,对患龋高危儿童和无龋儿童家长进行问卷调查,应用χ2检验筛选出乳牙龋病易感者的相关因素,进行Logistic回归分析。结果①5岁儿童无龋率为33.58%,33.21%儿童dmft≥6,这部分龋高发儿童龋、失、补牙数之和占总龋、失、补牙数之和的75.53%,患龋状况呈明显的两极化分布。②睡前进食甜食、家长是否监督或帮助刷牙在两组儿童间有显著性差异(P<0.01);父母口腔健康知识态度、父母受教育程度、牛奶加糖、开始刷牙年龄、进食甜食频率亦有统计学差异(P<0.05);而是否早产、孕期患病、喂养方式、刷牙频率、是否使用含氟牙膏因素在两组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。③Logistic回归分析结果显示,乳牙龋与父母口腔健康知识态度、睡前进食甜食、开始刷牙年龄、父母受教育程度、家长监督/帮助刷牙有关。结论加强对父母口腔健康知识的宣传、刷牙指导,限制糖的摄入及避免不当进糖方式对预防乳牙龋极为重要。     

广州市5岁儿童乳牙龋病相关因素分析

目的调查5岁儿童乳牙患龋情况及相关影响因素,为儿童龋病预防提供资料。方法采用多阶段、分层、等容量、随机抽样的方法抽取720名5岁儿童进行乳牙龋病检查,同时对其家长进行现场问卷调查。对调查结果先采用卡方检验行单因素分析,再行多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。结果乳牙患龋率和龋均分别为57.50%、2.90,男女间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。单因素分析表明家庭的孩子数、儿童进食甜食的习惯、儿童开始刷牙的年龄、每天刷牙的次数、父母是否检查孩子的刷牙效果、对含氟牙膏的知晓率、对孩子口腔健康的评价、家长的学历等相关因素都对乳牙患龋有明显影响。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析表明儿童进食糖水的频率、家长对口腔健康的评价、家长的学历是儿童乳牙患龋的危险因素。结论儿童家长应提高对口腔健康知识的知晓率,主动采取利于口腔健康的行为,以帮助儿童建立健康的口腔行为。     

哈尔滨市3～6岁孤独症儿童乳牙患龋状况调查

目的 探讨3～6岁孤独症儿童乳牙患龋状况及其相关因素,以期为孤独症儿童的龋病防治提供参考.方法 采用整群抽样的方法抽取哈尔滨市3个城区3～6岁孤独症儿童进行问卷调查和口腔检查,问卷调查包括一般人口学特征、饮食习惯、口腔保健意识和行为等方面内容,问卷由儿童家长填写,专人发放与回收;口腔检查采用儿童龋补牙数作为评价儿童乳牙龋病的指标.对检查结果进行统计学分析.结果 共调查孤独症儿童93例(男81例,女12例),患龋率为59％( 55/93),龋均为3.245.随年龄增长,儿童患龋率增加.分析结果显示:母亲龋齿、每天喝甜饮料量、吃甜食频率、睡前吃零食是孤独症儿童龋齿的危险因素;饭后漱口、谁给孩子刷牙、每日刷牙次数、父母文化程度是孤独症儿童龋齿的保护因素.结论 遗传因素、不良饮食习惯及口腔卫生习惯对龋病的发生发展有一定影响,孤独症儿童乳牙龋病及口腔卫生状况的改善有待于家长及医护人员的配合和努力.     

泰州市6～7岁儿童口腔健康状况、行为及其影响因素的调查研究

目的 调查泰州市6～7岁儿童的口腔健康状况和及其影响因素。方法 随机抽取泰州市10所小学1 800名6～7岁儿童,按WHO龋病诊断标准调查儿童患龋情况。采用母亲问卷和教师问卷的调查方法收集儿童的口腔健康态度、行为以及相关影响因素。结果 泰州市1 800名6～7岁儿童乳牙患龋率为68.2%,龋均为3.54,龋面均为8.24;恒牙患龋率为5.2%,龋均为0.07,面均为0.08,33.80%的儿童每天刷牙2次以上,59.10%的儿童每天刷牙1次,4.62%的儿童很少或从不刷牙。61.28%的儿童使用含氟牙膏。大约25.32%的儿童在过去1年拜访过牙医,59.20%儿童每天吃含糖食品3次以上。结论 泰州市儿童患龋率高于全国2008年口腔流行病学调查结果。     

广西12岁白裤瑶族与壮族、汉族儿童患龋状况比较及影响因素分析

目的　比较广西12岁白裤瑶族与壮族、汉族儿童患龋状况及影响因素,探讨白裤瑶族儿童患龋率较低的原因。方法　随机抽取广西南丹县15所小学的12岁白裤瑶族与壮族、汉族儿童1067人为研究对象,进行口腔检查,记录恒牙龋、失、补牙数（DMFT）,通过问卷调查收集人口学特征、口腔卫生习惯、饮食习惯等资料,分析比较3个民族儿童患龋率、龋均及龋病影响因素。结果　受调查总人群患龋率为45.1%、龋均为1.04 ± 1.59。白裤瑶族儿童患龋率和龋均（38.8%、0.79 ± 1.29）低于壮族儿童（48.3%、1.19 ± 1.74）和汉族儿童（51.3%、1.26 ± 1.77）。白裤瑶族12岁儿童父亲学历、母亲学历、是否住校、甜食摄入频率、刷牙频率、碳水化合物摄入频率与壮族、汉族有差异（P < 0.05）,其中甜食摄入频率、父亲学历、是否住校是本次调查龋病的影响因素。结论　白裤瑶族12岁儿童患龋率低于同地区壮族、汉族儿童。甜食摄入频率、父亲学历及住校率的差异可能是白裤瑶族患龋率低于壮族、汉族的主要环境影响因素。     

佛山市禅城区一年级小学生乳牙龋病流行状况及影响因素分析

目的调查佛山市禅城区一年级小学生乳牙龋病状况及其相关影响因素,为龋病防治工作提供参考。方法采用随机整群抽样法,抽取291名一年级小学生进行乳牙龋病检查,同时向其家长派发口腔健康调查问卷。对数据进行统计分析。结果佛山市禅城区一年级小学生乳牙患龋率为33.7%,龋均为0.97±1.79,统计分析显示男女间差异无统计学意义（P＆gt;0.05）。进行影响龋病的单因素分析,发现是否独生子女、母亲的学历、日常的主要饮料、进食甜食的频率和进食后漱口的频率对小学生乳牙患龋率有影响。多因素Logistic回归分析表明是否独生子女、日常主要饮料和进食甜食的频率是儿童乳牙患龋的危险因素。结论加强口腔卫生知识宣教,改善小学生的饮食习惯,养成良好的口腔卫生习惯,是预防乳牙龋病发生的有效措施。     

城乡3～5岁儿童家庭口腔健康行为与乳牙患龋状况对比观察

目的：探讨城乡3～5岁儿童家庭口腔健康行为与乳牙患龋状况的相关性。方法：采用多阶段、分层、随机抽样的方法,在北京、吉林4个地区幼儿园（城乡各2个）抽取3～5岁儿童共512例,城市儿童268人,农村儿童244人进行乳牙龋病检查,并对受检者的家长进行家庭口腔健康行为问卷。结果：①3～5岁儿童乳牙患龋率为71.23%,龋均4.16;城市儿童乳牙患龋率62.26%,农村81.41%,城乡儿童之间乳牙患龋率具有统计学差异（P〈0.01）。②农村儿童进食甜点心、碳酸饮料、果汁、糖果/巧克力等的频率高于城市。城市儿童开始刷牙时间、频率、用含氟牙膏的比例高于农村。城市家长对儿童定期检查和采取预防措施的人数高于农村。结论：加强对农村儿童家庭口腔健康行为的教育至关重要。     

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目的了解沈阳市12岁学生12腔健康状况、口腔健康行为和口腔保健资源利用情况,为沈阳市学生12腔预防适宜措施的进一步实施提供依据。方法于2010年1月,沈阳市12腔医院和沈阳市牙病预防保健所采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取沈阳市市内5个区12岁学生880名,男女各半。参照《WHO口腔健康调查标准（第4版）》,检查他们全口恒牙牙冠龋病情况,统计患龋率、龋均等。此外,参考《第三次全国口腔健康流行病学问卷调查方案》,设计15个问卷题目,对440名受检学生进行现场询问,了解他们口腔饮食行为、I：2腔卫生行为、利用口腔医疗服务行为等。结果12岁学生恒牙患龋率为32．50％,龋均为0．56,牙龈出血及牙石检出率分别为45．91％和43．07％。每天刷牙1～2次者为91．17％,含氟牙膏使用率为80．30％。在看牙原因调查中以定期口腔健康检查及接受口腔预防措施为目的者占28．00％,仅占有效问卷数的8．56％。结论沈阳市12岁学生恒牙龋齿预防工作取得显著成绩,患龋率和龋均呈下降趋势,但牙龈出血和牙石检出率仍较高。学生口腔健康行为中,刷牙情况和含氟牙膏使用情况良好,但定期检查及采用预防措施行为不能令人满意。提示应重视组织适应目标人群心理特点的健康教育活动和对家长进行口腔健康教育,以促进12岁学生口腔健康行为的建立和巩固。     

重庆市10~12岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋情况及相关因素分析

目的 调查分析重庆市城乡10~12岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋情况并分析相关因素,为儿童龋病防治工作提供依据,并为实施有针对性的口腔健康教育提供建议。方法 2018年3—5月间,采用多阶段、分层、整群、随机抽样的方法抽取重庆市3个区及3个县共18所学校5 057名儿童进行口腔健康检查和问卷调查。结果 第一恒磨牙总患龋率为39.2%,龋失补牙数为0.84±1.20;龋齿充填率为3.4%,窝沟封闭率为6.1%。第一恒磨牙患龋率在男女之间、城乡之间、独生子女和非独生之女之间、少数民族和汉族之间的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）,窝沟封闭率在城乡之间差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示：每天刷牙次数、吃甜点次数、睡前吃甜点/喝牛奶、是否独生子女、父母学历是龋病发生的独立影响因素。结论 重庆市10~12岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋率高,窝沟封闭率及龋齿充填率较低,城乡差异较大,儿童口腔健康知识匮乏,存在不良口腔卫生行为和饮食习惯,要加强儿童口腔健康教育,将口腔健康宣教落实到学校,提高在校儿童口腔保健知识水平,缩小城乡差异。     

重庆市10～12岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋情况及相关因素分析

目的 调查分析重庆市城乡10~12岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋情况并分析相关因素,为儿童龋病防治工作提供依据,并为实施有针对性的口腔健康教育提供建议。方法 2018年3—5月间,采用多阶段、分层、整群、随机抽样的方法抽取重庆市3个区及3个县共18所学校5 057名儿童进行口腔健康检查和问卷调查。结果 第一恒磨牙总患龋率为39.2%,龋失补牙数为0.84±1.20;龋齿充填率为3.4%,窝沟封闭率为6.1%。第一恒磨牙患龋率在男女之间、城乡之间、独生子女和非独生之女之间、少数民族和汉族之间的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）,窝沟封闭率在城乡之间差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示：每天刷牙次数、吃甜点次数、睡前吃甜点/喝牛奶、是否独生子女、父母学历是龋病发生的独立影响因素。结论 重庆市10~12岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋率高,窝沟封闭率及龋齿充填率较低,城乡差异较大,儿童口腔健康知识匮乏,存在不良口腔卫生行为和饮食习惯,要加强儿童口腔健康教育,将口腔健康宣教落实到学校,提高在校儿童口腔保健知识水平,缩小城乡差异。     

东莞市12岁儿童龋病现状及其行为影响因素分析

目的:研究东莞市城乡12岁儿童恒牙龋病现状及其行为影响因素,分析两者之间的关系,为东莞市儿童口腔卫生保健工作提供科学依据。方法:采用多阶段、分层、整群、随机抽样的方法,抽取东莞市12岁城乡常住人口604人,检查全口恒牙龋病的患病状况并用问卷调查的方式收集全部受检儿童口腔健康行为等相关因素。结果:东莞市12岁儿童患龋率和龋均分别是40.89%和1.47。Logistic回归分析显示:口腔保健知识掌握越多的儿童其患龋率越低,食用水果的频率越高,儿童患龋率也相应增加。结论:东莞市12岁儿童患龋水平较高,口腔卫生行为较差,口腔保健知识掌握情况是致龋最为重要的影响因素,食用水果的频率是危险因素。     

Prevalence of caries and dental erosion among school children in The Hague from 1996-2005

In 2005 a dental survey of the prevalence of caries among 6- and 12-year-old schoolchildren in The Hague was carried out. In the case of the 12-year-olds, the prevalence of dental erosion was also studied. The sample consisted of 814 students in twelve primary schools in The Hague. The results reveal that since the previous study, in 2002, the trend in the direction of an increasing percentage of children with deciduous caries-free teeth and permanent caries-free teeth had continued. In the case of the children who were not caries-free, it was noticeable that, in general, the number of new dental caries (dmfs- and DMFS-score) had not changed in the period 1996-2005, while the number of restorations among the 6- and 12-year olds had decreased. The mean restorative index in the deciduous dentition of 6-year-olds decreased from approximately 40% in 1996 to approximately 20% in 2005; with respect to permanant dentition among 12-year-olds, the percentage decreased from more than 90% to 60%. The percentage of 12-year-olds with dental erosion in 2005 remained unchanged as compared with 2002: 24%. The research revealed that there was no increase in dental caries or dental erosion among the 6- and 12-year-old school children in The Hague.     

比较两种探针检查法对福建省12岁儿童龋病抽样调查的差异

目的:了解福建省12岁儿童龋病的患病现状,比较2种探针检查法对龋齿检出率的影响。方法:根据WHO《口腔健康基本调查方法》第3、4版,参照“第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查”,采取多阶段分层、等容量随机抽样的方法对福建省792名12岁儿童分别以CPI探针和5号探针检查龋齿。结果:2种探针检查法得出福建省12岁儿童的患龋率分别为32.83%和56.06%。CPI探针检查法得出在不同性别及城乡之间差异均无统计学意义。5号探针检查法得出女性患龋率大于男性(P<0.01)。与福建省2000年对12岁儿童进行的口腔健康抽样调查所统计的结果相比较,患龋率降低0.13%,龋均上升为21.17%。5号探针检出的患龋率及龋均均高于CPI探针的检出率。患龋率之间的差异为23.23%。结论:5号探针的龋检出率高于CPI探针的龋检出率。     

The second national survey of oral health status of children and adults in China

OBJECTIVES: To describe the oral health status of Chinese children and adults at national level in relation to location and province and to highlight changes in dental caries experience. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study, oral epidemiological survey based on WHO methodology, clinical examinations. SETTING: National survey by National Committee for Oral Health. SUBJECTS: Representative samples of provinces, districts, townships; cluster sampling including subjects aged 5,12,15,18, 35-44 and 65-74. Each age group consisted of 23,452 participants, i.e. total of 140,712 individuals. RESULTS: At age 5, 76.6% were affected by dental caries and mean dmft was 4.5. Mean DMFT varied from 1.0 in 12-year-olds, 1.4 in 15-year-olds, 1.6 in 18-year-olds, 2.1 in 35-44-year-olds to 12.4 in 65-74-year-olds. In adults, caries experience was higher in females than in males. The effect of urbanisation on caries prevalence in children varied by province and age. Among adolescents and young adults caries levels were high in urban areas while caries experience was high for old-age people of rural areas. At national level, changes in dental caries prevalence of 12- and 15-year-olds were small. However, some provinces with extensive oral health programmes (e.g. Love Teeth Day) showed declining caries experience whereas provinces with limited preventive activities had increasing levels of caries. For all age groups, gingival bleeding and calculus were most frequent. Severe periodontal conditions were relatively rare. CONCLUSION: The systematic implementation of preventive oral care and community-oriented health programmes are needed for the continuous promotion of oral health in China.     

The oral health of children with clefts of the lip, palate, or both.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries, developmental defects of enamel, and related factors in children with clefts. DESIGN: This cross-sectional prevalence study used standard dental indices for assessment. SETTING: Children underwent a dental examination under standard conditions of seating and lighting in the outpatient department of a dental hospital as part of an ongoing audit to monitor clinical outcomes. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-one children aged 4, 8, and 12 years were included in the study. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Dental caries were assessed by use of the decayed, missing, and filled index for primary teeth (dmft); Decayed, Missing, and Filled index for permanent teeth (DMFT) according to the criteria as used in the national survey of children's dental health in the United Kingdom. Developmental defects were assessed using the modified Developmental Defects of Enamel Index (Clarkson and O'Mullane, 1989). Dental erosion was assessed using the criteria derived for the national survey of children's dental health. RESULTS: Caries prevalence increased with age; 63% of patients at 4 years and 34% at 12 years were caries free. The mean dmft for the 4-year-olds was 1.3 with a mean DMFT for the 12-year-olds of 1.8. All the 4-year-olds had evidence of erosion of enamel in the primary teeth (incisors and first molars) and 56% of the 12-year-olds had erosion of permanent teeth (incisors and first permanent molars). Developmental defects of enamel became more prevalent with age, with at least one opacity in 56% of 4-year-olds and 100% of 12-year-olds. Hypoplasia was not found in the primary dentition but affected permanent teeth in 38% of 8-year-olds and 23% of the 12-year-olds. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that dental disease is prevalent in these patients. These assessments not only provide a baseline on oral health parameters in young people with clefts but underline the need for a more aggressive approach to prevention of oral disease to optimize clinical outcome.     

Dental caries and dental erosion among 5- and 6-year old and 11- and 12-year old school children in the Hague, the Netherlands. Changing prevalences?

In 2002 a dental survey amongst 6- and 12-year-old schoolchildren in The Hague had been carried out. The 2002 survey suggested that in the period 1996-2002 the caries prevalence (% of cariesfree children) and the caries experience (mean dmfs/dmft scores) among 6-year-old children did not have changed significantly. Children of low socio-economic status in 2002 had an average higher dmfs/dmft count compared to 6-year-olds of medium and high SES. However, the survey suggested in the period 1996-2002 a significant increase of cariesfree 12-year-old children in low SES. Among 12-year-olds socio-economic differences in caries experience of the permanent dentition have diminished in 2002. In 1998 and 2002 respectively 3 and 23% of the 12-year-olds showed the prevalence of any dental erosion. This increase of the prevalence of dental erosion is in agreement with data from other European countries.     

Prevalence and severity of dental caries in 5- and 12-year old children in the Veneto Region (Italy)

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the occurrence of dental caries among 5- and 12-year-old children in Northeastern Italy and to compare dental status between immigrants and native-born children. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: A cross-sectional survey of 260 5-year-olds and 862 12-year-olds was carried out between October 2003 and May 2004. Dental caries were diagnosed at the caries into dentine (D3) threshold. Differences in dental health status were compared between immigrant and native-born children for both age groups. RESULTS: Among 5-year-old children, mean dmft was 1.45 (SD=2.69), SiC=4.31, 65.8% had no caries. Immigrant 5-year-olds (6.2%) scored more poorly than their Italian counterparts: mean dmft was 5.12 (vs. 1.21; p<0.001) and only 25.0% were caries free (vs. 68.4%; p<0.001). Among 12-year-olds, mean DMFT was 1.44 (SD=2.00), SiC=3.88, 55.1% had DMFT=0: 5.6% also had poorer dental status: mean DMFT was 3.23 (vs. 1.33; p<0.001), SiC=6.69 (vs. 3.66), and only 17.1% had DMFT 0 (vs. 56.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of dental caries and care obtained for both age groups are similar to those of other industrialised countries. When our results for 12-year-olds were compared with those of two previous surveys (1984 and 1994), a major decline in the prevalence of dental caries was observed. Being immigrant was a strong determinant in caries occurrence.     

Study on availability of dental health services for children in health center--correlation between attendance of 3-year-old children at dental health services and caries prevalence]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dental health services for children in a health center. The samples were 316 children who had 3-year-old dental examination at a health center in Tokyo. The analysis was carried out by a computer using the results of the children's oral status and of their mothers', questionnaires and past records showing when and how many times they had attended such activities. The results were as follows: 1. Attendance of children at dental services showed the effectiveness in preventing dental caries, and it was suggested that attendance at least 3 times before the age of 18 months should be the most effective way to decrease the dental caries in the 3-year-olds. 2. According to the questionnaires, time of going to bed, snacks time, and the habit of thumb-sucking at the age of 3 years, and stopping the habit of bottle-feeding and of night breast-feeding at 18 months of age showed a great correlation concerning the number of dental caries in the 3-year-olds. 3. The more often the children had attended the dental services, the more often their behavior for eating snacks and toothbrushing changed for the better. 4. The more the mothers had dental caries, the more was the number of dental caries in their children and moreover their attendance at the dental services was less.