近回盲瓣回肠吻合应用于新生儿和婴儿急症的探讨

目的 探讨近回盲瓣回肠端端吻合术应用于新生儿和婴儿急症的可行性和安全性.方法 对2003-2006年行近回盲瓣回肠(末端回肠距回盲瓣10 cm以内)端端吻合术的15例新生儿和婴儿急症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 本组15例中回肠吻合口距回盲瓣均在10 cm以内,其中5 cm以内9例.1例残留小肠约40 cm者术后当日即自动出院,另14例均痊愈出院,平均住院10.5 d.仅1例发生切口感染,未发生吻合口漏等并发症.结论对新生儿和婴儿具有重要功能的尚未被病变累及的回盲部可采用近回盲瓣回肠端端吻合术,辅助肠减压手术多无必要.     

保留回盲瓣回肠末段端端吻合术九例报告

传统观点认为行保留回盲瓣回肠末段端端吻合术因血供差，易发生吻合口漏，但保留了回盲瓣对维持消化道功能有重要意义，我们1998年至2004年行此术式9例，效果良好，现报告如下。     

胃大部切除—胃回肠错误吻合3例报告

胃大部切除、胃回肠错误吻合是一严重的医源性并发症。我院自1969年至1996年间共发生胃大部切除、胃回肠错误吻合3例。现报道如下：临床资料例1：男性，62岁。因十二指肠球部溃疡于1969年6月在连续硬膜外麻醉下行目大部切除术。术后第七天进食普食后大便频次，并有未消化的食物残渣。行钡餐检查，发现胃回肠吻合。作短暂术前准备后，再次手术发现胃与末端回肠（距回盲瓣20cm）吻合。切除吻合口，作回肠－回肠对端吻合与胃空肠吻合，痊愈。例2：男，47岁。因胃小弯溃疡于1972年3月在连续硬膜外麻醉下行胃大部切除术。术后九天出院。出院后腹…     

创伤性腹股沟疝囊内回盲部破裂的手术方法选择(附3例报道)

目的总结创伤性腹股沟疝囊内回盲部肠管破裂的治疗经验以供临床参考。方法回顾性分析笔者所在医院于2000年1月至2016年12月期间收治的3例创伤性腹股沟疝囊内回盲部肠管破裂患者的临床资料。结果 3例患者均为男性,其中1例右腹股沟滑动性疝患者行回盲部切除、回肠升结肠端侧吻合术;1例右腹股沟斜疝患者行回肠末端破裂清创吻合术,附加盲肠回肠皮管造瘘以保留回盲瓣;1例右腹股沟斜疝患者行改良的经盲肠回肠皮管造瘘术。2例避免了切除回盲部的过度医疗之嫌。术后3例患者均一期治愈,无吻合口漏、修补口瘘、腹腔脓肿形成、切口感染等并发症发生。术后3例患者均获随访,随访时间2~3年,随访期间无一例疝复发。结论对创伤性腹股沟疝囊内回盲部肠管破裂患者,需根据损伤部位及损伤程度施行不同的手术。     

保留回盲瓣的肠切除术

因腹股沟斜疝或股疝嵌顿、肠扭转及粘连性肠梗阻所致回肠远端坏死及回肠远端巨大憩室破裂而行回肠远端切除术，对其远切端距回盲瓣１５ｃｍ以内的病例，以保留回盲瓣的肠切除吻合术最符合生理及外科手术治疗的基本原则。【手术方法】开腹后先用两把直止血钳钳夹坏死段肠管...     

回肠管状造瘘术预防腹腔镜下低位/超低位直肠前切除术后吻合口瘘的临床观察(附15例报告)

目的:探讨应用回肠管状造瘘术预防腹腔镜下低位/超低位直肠前切除术后吻合口瘘的临床价值.方法:总结5年来应用回肠管状造瘘术预防腹腔镜下低位/超低位直肠前切除术后吻合口瘘的15例患者临床资料.手术操作方法为在腔镜下完成低位/超低位吻合后,充分游离回盲部,扩大主操作孔至3cm,拉出回盲部,切除阑尾,经其残端向未段回肠置入气囊导尿管,气囊内注水至肠壁稍发白,于水囊远侧缘以可吸收线穿回肠系膜打一结扣,抽出水囊内液体,回盲部回纳腹腔,按原注水量打入气囊,确保水囊位于线结扣近端,尿管截口引出,盲肠壁与侧腹壁固定.结果:全组无吻合口瘘发生,早期1例粪便转流不够彻底,其余患者粪便转流彻底,无肠梗阻发生,无切口感染及癌种植,拔管后无粪漏及腹膜炎发生,无死亡病例.结论:应用回肠管状造瘘术预防腹腔镜下低位/超低位直肠前切除术吻合口瘘是可行的,粪便转流是彻底的.     

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近回盲瓣回肠末段端端吻合术系指切除病变末段回肠及其系膜 ,结扎、切断回结肠动脉回肠支 ,近端小肠与靠近回盲瓣末段回肠行端端吻合术。此术式由于受传统解剖观念影响 ,即因局部供血不足吻合后会缺血坏死 ,认为距回盲瓣 5cm以内的吻合易发生吻合口漏 ,故临床上不主张此处行端端吻合术。笔者曾收治 5例 ,均行此术并取得了成功。介绍如下。1　临床资料本组 5例病人 ,男 3例 ,女 2例。年龄 3 5～ 75岁 ,中位年龄 55 2岁。根据临床表现不同 ,共分 2组。肠梗阻组 :共 3例。例 1 男 ,65岁。系小肠多发性憩室并发粘连性肠梗阻病人 ,术中见空肠散在…     

输尿管回肠吻合术在可控性尿流改道中的应用

目的 评价输尿管回肠吻合术在可控性尿流改道术后抗返流及防止上尿路感染中的效果。方法 根治性膀胱切除术后行去带盲升结肠可控膀胱术和新膀胱术的患者10例，采用带回盲瓣的回肠段作为可控性膀胱的输入襻，双侧输尿管黏膜下隧道法与回肠吻合，随访观察患者术后输尿管返流及上尿路感染情况等。结果 10例手术顺利，术后随访6～36个月，均未发生输尿管返流或上尿路感染，1例发生单侧肾积水，为吻合口狭窄所致。结论 黏膜下隧道法输尿管回肠吻合术预防去带盲升结肠可控性尿流改道术后输尿管返流及上尿路感染效果良好。     

回肠插管造口术在直肠癌保肛术中的应用体会

目的探讨直肠癌保肛术吻合口瘘的预防措施。方法对25例直肠癌行保肛术，术中用24号气囊导尿管经回盲瓣行回肠插管造口，预防术后吻合口瘘。结果无一例发生吻合口瘘。结论使用24号气囊导尿管经回盲瓣行回肠插管造口预防术后吻合口瘘。具有免除患者再次手术，减轻经济负担，有利于术后尽早进行肿瘤综合治疗，疗效满意等优点。     

临时性末端回肠造口在超低位直肠癌保肛术中的应用体会

目的探讨临时性末端回肠造口在超低位直肠癌术中的应用价值。方法总结14例超低位直肠癌保肛术中行临时性末端回肠造口术的临床效果。结果14例患者术后均恢复良好，无吻合口漏发生。结论在超低位直肠癌保肛术中施行临时性末端回肠造口对预防吻合口漏的发生效果好。     

Atresia of the Ileocecal Junction with Agenesis of the Ileocecal Valve and Vermiform Appendix: Report of a Case

Intestinal atresia involving the ileocecal region is a very rare intestinal malformation, and the presence or absence of the ileocecal valve influences its surgical management. We report the case of a male newborn with a provisional diagnosis of distal ileal atresia, in whom laparotomy revealed that the entire ileocecal region was atretic with an absent ileocecal valve and appendix vermiformis. We resected the dilated terminal ileum together with the atretic segment and performed an ileocolic anastomosis between the terminal ileum and the transverse microcolon without valve reconstruction. When last seen, 8 months after the operation, the baby was developing normally. Ileocolic anastomosis without valve replacement appears to be sufficient if an ileocecal valve is completely absent and only a short segment of the terminal ileum is lost.     

短肠综合征患儿血清微量营养素状况评价

目的评价短肠综合征患儿不同状态下的血清微量营养素状况。方法收集并分析2004年4月至2006年7月间收治并获随访的17例短肠综合征患儿的临床资料。结果本组患儿年龄为3个月至18岁。其中完全脱离肠外营养（PN）11例，6例仍靠部分PN支持；保留回盲瓣11例，无回盲瓣6例；剩余小肠在75cm以上者5例，小于或等于75cm者12例。采用高效液相法测定血清维生素A、E和β-胡萝卜素水平。11例已脱离PN的患儿中有9例测定了血清铁、锌和铜。维生素低于参考值的发生率：维生素A占23．5％，维生素E占35．3％，β-胡萝卜素占58．8％。在未脱离PN、无回盲瓣和剩余小肠小于或等于75cm的患儿中，维生素A和β-胡萝卜素低于参考值的发生率较高。在脱离PN和剩余小肠大于75cm的患儿，维生素E低于参考值发生率较高。而在有或无回盲瓣患儿中，上述的发生率差异无统计学意义。3例血清锌浓度低于正常．1例血清铁浓度低于正常。结论短肠综合征患儿无论在PN支持时还是恢复正常饮食时，均可能发生微量营养素缺乏，应密切随访并补充有关微量营养素。     

Hydrostatic characteristics of the ileocolic valve and intussuscepted nipple valves: an animal model.

The ileocolic valve, in the dog, decelerates the passage of stools and prevents fecal reflux. A loss of anterograde resistance worsens the symptoms of short bowel syndrome. The absence of fecal reflux control enhances the risk of recurrence of Crohn's disease. The aim of the present study was to examine what length of intussusception-like nipple valve (INV) should be constructed in order to restore the hydrostatic characteristics of the normal ileocecal valve. The anterograde and retrograde hydrostatic resistances of INVs of different lengths (4, 5, 6, or 7 cm) were compared with those of the normal ileocolic valve by using a contrast enema and x-ray monitoring in a canine model. It was found that the 4-cm-long INV may be sufficient to achieve an appropriate antireflux efficacy (59.60 +/- 4.26 cm H(2)O) versus the ileocolic valve (25.80 +/- 4.92 cm H(2)O), but this does not furnish an anterograde resistance comparable to that of the normal ileocolic valve (10.70 +/- 1.15 cm H(2)O vs. 21.60 +/- 3.96 cm H(2)O). We found that the appropriate length of the INV with which the anterograde resistance of the ileocolic valve could be attained in our model was between 6 and 7 cm. Thus, the shortest possible constructed INV should be effective in clinical conditions such as Crohn's disease, but the recommended length in short bowel syndrome should be greater than this.     

Small bowel transplantation using grafts from living‐related donors. Two case reports

Abstract A living‐related small bowel transplantation (SBT) was performed in two pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome. In both cases, the donor was the patient's mother. The distal ileum (100 cm, 120 cm) was harvested and the ileocolic vessels, ileocecal valve, and terminal ileum were left intact. The two donors were discharged from the hospital on postoperative days 15 and 6, respectively. Recipient 1 was a 2 year 6 month‐old boy with short bowel syndrome who underwent SBT due to loss of venous access. The graft vein was anastomosed to the recipient's infrarenal inferior vena cava. Despite triple immunosuppression (tacrolimus, steroid, and azathioprine), there were four episodes of rejection. The patient had been on total parenteral nutrition for almost his entire post‐transplant course. He died from Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia 16 months after the transplantation. Recipient 2 was a 4 year 5 month‐old girl with short bowel syndrome who underwent an isolated small bowel transplantation because of recurrent line sepsis. Her pretransplant bilirubin was 8.0 mg/dl and a biopsy showed severe fibrosis. The graft vein was anastomosed to the recipient's inferior mesenteric vein. After transplantation, her bilirubin level became normal within 10 days. Triple immunosuppression (tacrolimus, steroid, and cyclophosphamide) together with a 3‐day course of OKT‐3 made her post‐transplant course feasible. After overcoming a single episode of rejection she left the hospital 4 months after SBT. The patient is currently (10 months after transplantation) hospitalized due to rejection, which is being successfully controlled, and she is off total parenteral nutrition. From our experience, harvesting of the distal ileum for use as a bowel graft can be safely performed. The advantages of living‐related grafts, optimal graft length, and choice of vascular reconstruction in SBT are yet to be explored.     

A new surgical technique for voice restoration after laryngopharyngoesophagectomy with a free ileocolic graft: preliminary report.

We describe a new one-stage surgical technique for voice restoration combined with reconstruction of the cervical esophagus after laryngopharyngoesophagectomy with a free ileocolic autograft. Reconstruction of the alimentary tract is accomplished with the colonic segment, and the phonatory shunt is fashioned from the terminal ileum. The ileocolic valve, reinforced by "cecal application," functions as an inherent valve that prevents aspiration through the shunt. Six patients underwent reconstruction with this method. There was no graft necrosis, although one venous anastomosis required correction because of kinking. There were two hospital deaths: one patient died of multiple organ failure in the perioperative period and the other died of a recurrence of the disease. The remaining four patients were tolerating a regular diet at discharge from the hospital. Five of the six patients were able to achieve a fair to good voice.     

Zur Differenzialdiagnose der akuten Appendizitis und des Ileus

A 13-year-old female presented with recurrent, right-sided abdominal pain since the age of 2 years. Examination showed a tender, cylindric mass in the right lower quadrant. Ultrasound and MRI revealed an ileocolic intussusception. On laparotomy, there was an ileo-ileal intussusception due to a 3.8-cm polypoid tumor about 40 cm proximal to the ileocoecal valve. Histology showed polypoid heterotopic gastric mucosa with no Meckel's diverticulum. To our knowledge, only 12 cases of intussusception of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the ileum without Meckel's diverticulum have been reported in literature. This case adds to this small list and represents a possible cause of intussusception.     

Microbiologic efficacy of a surgically constructed nipple valve

The efficacy of a surgically constructed nipple valve in preventing reflux of colonic bacteria into the small bowel was evaluated. The nipple valve significantly decreased the number of S. marcescens, a marker bacterium, in the small bowel when compared with plain ileocolic anastomosis. In this study, the nipple valve prevented the reflux of bacteria similar to an intact ileocecal valve which suggests that the nipple valve is an effective bacteriologic barrier and may be used as a substitute for the ileocecal valve in patients with short bowel syndrome.     

Reconstruction of the pharynx and cervical esophagus using ileocolic free autograft

BACKGROUND: Advanced stage hypopharyngeal cancer is commonly treated by surgery and radiotherapy. This report presents a technique using ileocolic free autograft as a single-stage procedure for voice and swallowing rehabilitation after pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy. METHODS: Digestive tract restoration is obtained by using the cecum and ascending colon, while the last ileal loop, protected by the ileocecal valve for food and liquid inhalation, is anastomized to the cervical trachea. After abdominal harvesting, the ileocolic complex is transected, transposed, and then revascularized in the cervical field. RESULTS: Six patients underwent this operation successfully with recovery of swallowing function and vocal performance within a short period of time, varying from 18 to 38 days. CONCLUSION: On the basis of achieved results, the ileocolic free autograft can be considered a good option for pharyngoesophageal reconstruction, offering as it does an immediate restoration of swallowing and voice function.     

克罗恩病并发肠瘘的诊断与治疗

目的探讨克罗恩病(CD)并发肠瘘的诊断与治疗方法。方法对1978至2004年收治的62例CD并发肠瘘患者的临床资料进行分析。结果本组肠外瘘68例次,其中多发瘘6例次;肠内瘘8例次。肠瘘以末端回肠瘘(27例次)和回结肠吻合口瘘(21例次)为主。手术方式主要为回结肠吻合口拆除重建(26例次)和回盲部切除回结肠吻合(14例次)。首次肠瘘、术后服用免疫药物者复发率15.4%,明显低于未服药患者(34.8%);复发时间为(40±17)个月,明显长于不服药组的(8±3)个月;两组比较,P<0.01。结论CD合并的肠瘘以肠外瘘为主。主要手术方法为瘘口切除与肠吻合术。术后应用免疫抑制药物可降低CD合并肠瘘的复发率。     

25 Years of a Standardized Technique for Living Donor Intestinal Transplantation: A Systematic Review

A safe, reproducible and standardized surgical technique for intestinal procurement and transplantation from a living donor (LD) was introduced in 1997 and has been used in the majority of cases since. The key principles are: 1. procurement of 180-200 cm of distal ileum in adults (about 60-150 cm in pediatric recipients depending on age and weight) on a vascular pedicle comprising the LD ileocolic vessels or terminal branches of the superior mesenteric vessels, 2. the terminal ileum (30-40 cm of the most distal ileum), the ileocecal valve and the cecum remain with the donor to not interfere with B12-absorption and bowel transit time, 3. systemic venous drainage with anastomoses between the LD ileocolic vessels and the recipient's infrarenal aorta and vena cava, and 4. restoration of recipient bowel continuity through proximal anastomosis and distal graft ileostomy for biopsy access and graft monitoring. Recipients of a successful LD intestinal transplant become total parenteral nutrition (TPN)-independent within a few weeks posttransplant. LD vs deceased donor (DD) intestinal transplants can be performed in a more timely fashion. Hence, LD (in contrast to DD) intestinal transplants are also pre-emptive procedures in patients with advanced, but still reversible, TPN-induced liver disease and help reduce the wait-list mortality for combined DD intestinal and liver transplants. Life-saving combined LD intestinal and liver transplants, albeit rare, have also been successfully performed either simultaneously or subsequently. There have been no reported deaths or major complications of living intestinal donors. A better metabolic profile has been reported in some donors post-donation. In total, 85 documented LD intestinal transplants have been performed worldwide at over 20 different transplant centers in 12 different countries. In about 70 transplants, the standardized technique was used. There has been no difference in outcome between LD vs DD intestinal transplants. Long-term studies have shown that > 10 year of graft function is not uncommon. Since the introduction of the standardized surgical technique, LD intestinal transplantation has evolved from an experimental to an established and standardized procedure.