新疆维吾尔族、汉族妇女对宫颈癌、HPV及HPV疫苗认知情况的调查分析

目的:调查新疆维吾尔族、汉族妇女对宫颈癌、人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)及HPV疫苗的相关认知情况,为宫颈癌的防治提供健康教育干预基础,降低宫颈癌的发病率和死亡率,提高广大妇女的保健意识。方法:对新疆地区自愿参与调查的妇女发放维吾尔语和汉语两种语言的调查问卷,统计问卷结果。结果:维吾尔族妇女对宫颈癌、HPV及HPV疫苗的知晓率分别为25.0%、8.0%和4.0%,汉族妇女的知晓率分别为35.0%、19.0%和7.0%。维吾尔族、汉族妇女宫颈癌发病高危因素知晓率分别为15.6%和26.5%,做过宫颈涂片检查的比例分别为18.0%和31.0%,做过HPV检查的比例分别为4.5%和11.0%。认知程度与调查对象的文化水平有关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。维吾尔族、汉族妇女对宫颈癌、HPV及HPV疫苗的认知程度随着文化水平的提高而增高。结论:新疆维吾尔族妇女对宫颈癌、HPV及HPV疫苗的知晓率低。新疆是我国宫颈癌高发地区,维吾尔族妇女是新疆地区宫颈癌的高发人群,维吾尔族妇女对宫颈癌、HPV及HPV疫苗相关知识缺乏了解。因此提高新疆地区妇女尤其是维吾尔族妇女对宫颈癌的预防保健意识,提高对宫颈癌、HPV及HPV疫苗相关知识的认知程度是早期发现子宫颈癌前病变、降低宫颈癌发病率及死亡率的关键。     

“分子剪刀”精准治疗宫颈癌不是梦

正宫颈癌是女性生殖系统最常见的恶性肿瘤,人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染是导致宫颈病变和宫颈癌的元凶,感染HPV的妇女中约有1%会发展为宫颈癌。目前,中国每年大概有13.2万妇女新发宫颈癌,每年约有3万多名妇女因宫颈癌死亡。不过,让人倍感振奋的是,随着宫颈癌疫苗的上市及推广应用,未来宫颈癌的发病率会逐渐降低。同时,随着宫     

北京市高校女大学生对宫颈癌及HPV疫苗的认知情况分析

目的了解北京市高校女大学生对宫颈癌及HPV疫苗的认知情况,分析相关影响因素,为大学生宫颈癌及HPV相关健康教育、HPV疫苗推广提供参考依据。方法采用横断面调查的研究方法,通过方便取样,应用自设问卷对北京市高校的1267名全日制本科女大学生进行问卷调查。结果女大学生听说过宫颈癌的比例为94.2%,宫颈癌认知足够的比例为52.4%;听说过HPV疫苗的比例为88.7%,HPV疫苗认知足够的比例为53.9%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,低年级、非医学类是女大学生对宫颈癌认知不足的影响因素,低年级、非医学类、父母受教育程度低是女大学生对HPV疫苗认知不足的影响因素。结论女大学生知晓宫颈癌及HPV疫苗的比例较高但认知不足;医学生与非医学生对宫颈癌及HPV疫苗的认知存在差异;女大学生对HPV疫苗的接种意愿较强但期望价格较低。建议在非医学高校开展健康教育课程,举办宫颈癌及HPV疫苗相关知识讲座,通过网络媒体进行宣传,以提高女大学生对宫颈癌及HPV疫苗的认知。     

196例妇女宫颈人乳头瘤病毒普查结果分析

目的:探讨分析妇女宫颈人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的普查结果。方法:选择2008年对在该院就诊的妇女196例,采用第二代杂交捕获试验对样本进行HPV-DNA的检测。同时,采用问卷调查的方法,对所有调查女性对HPV疫苗的认知情况进行面对面的调查。对不同年龄妇女的HPV检出率和HPV疫苗的认知情况分别进行比较分析。结果:与20~30岁妇女相比,其他年龄段妇女的检出率明显降低,30~50岁妇女愿意接种HPV疫苗比例明显提高,不愿意接受的比例明显下降,差别均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:采取针对性的宣传教育是十分必要的,对提高年轻妇女对HPV的认识,降低宫颈癌的病变几率具有十分重要的意义。     

导致我国妇女宫颈癌的病因找到

在2008年4月27日举行的第6次全国宫颈癌协作组工作会议暨HPV疫苗与宫颈癌防治研讨会上，中国癌基金会公布了由中国癌基金会领衔，多个宫颈癌防治协作组参加，历时5年的“中国妇女人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染和宫颈癌的流行病学调查”。这一迄今我国最大规模的人群专项调查结果显示，我国城乡妇女高危型HPV感染率均较高，     

2006谁在改变我们的健康

●宫颈癌疫苗上市了 美国默沙东公司宫颈癌疫苗上市,意味着宫颈癌将成为可以预防的第一个恶性肿瘤.宫颈癌病因最清楚,几乎都由人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)引起,其中,超过2/3的宫颈癌病例可以归咎于两种类型的HPV16型和18型.该疫苗预防HPV16和HPV18所致宫颈、阴道和外阴癌前病变的有效率达到100%.     

长治市医学和非医学大学生HPV疫苗相关知识现况调查

目的探讨大学生对宫颈癌疾病相关知识及预防性HPV疫苗的认知现状,为学校进行宫颈癌及HPV病毒相关健康教育提供理论依据,为预防性HPV疫苗的推广接种和宫颈癌的防治提供参考资料。方法以长治地区高校大学生为研究对象;采取自行设计的电子问卷,于2018年3-9月组织在校大学生进行在线问卷调查。结果共收回570份问卷,有效问卷552份,有效率96. 84%。其中23. 73%(131/552)的学生了解宫颈癌发病时主要的临床表现,28. 09%(160/552)的学生知道诱发宫颈癌的最常见HPV高危型别,仅有17. 39%(96/552)的学生认为二价与四价预防性HPV疫苗对于预防宫颈癌的效果是相当的。结论应加强大学生关于宫颈癌疾病及预防性HPV疫苗相关知识的全面、系统宣教,健康教育的重点可放在关于HPV疫苗有效性、安全性及接种相关知识背景等方面,可一定程度上对宫颈癌疾病的防控和HPV疫苗的接种推广起到积极作用。     

大学生人群HPV疫苗认知及影响因素研究进展

高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)持续感染是导致宫颈癌的主要因素,HPV疫苗接种是预防宫颈癌的重要措施。大学生是HPV的易感人群和HPV疫苗的目标接种对象,大学生对HPV及其疫苗的认知水平直接影响HPV疫苗接种行为和宫颈癌防制效果。本文对国内外大学生HPV疫苗认知及影响因素研究作综述,为大学生人群HPV预防接种和预防宫颈癌提供依据。     

我国女性人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染的流行病学现状

宫颈癌给我国乃至全世界都造成了沉重的社会经济负担，人乳头瘤病毒（human papilloma virus，HPV）尤其是高危型HPV与宫颈癌前病变和宫颈癌密切相关，HPV疫苗的出现无疑给广大女性带来了福音。目前多个国家已经开展了HPV的疫苗免疫计划，我国大陆虽然刚刚批准了二价的HPV疫苗在国内使用，但仍缺乏系统的HPV感染的流行数据，因而本文就我国女性HPV感染的流行病学状况作一综述，旨在为HPV疫苗的研发和应用及宫颈癌防治工作提供指导。     

人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的研究现状及接种政策

宫颈癌是一种常见的妇科恶性肿瘤。接种人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗对预防尖锐湿疣、HPV感染和宫颈癌具有重要意义。因此,本研究从宫颈癌的流行现状及其危险因素、宫颈癌的防护策略、HPV类型、HPV疫苗类型和作用机制、疫苗安全性和有效性、男性接种HPV疫苗、各国接种政策等方面进行综述,并进一步提出我国HPV疫苗接种政策建议。     

HPV and cervical cancer testing and prevention: knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes among Hispanic women

Cervical cancer is a preventable disease resulting from infection with high-risk types of sexually transmitted human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Public knowledge of HPVs and their link to cervical cancer is limited. Participation in cervical cancer prevention programs, including Pap and HPV screening and HPV vaccine acceptance, is crucial for limiting the incidence of cervical cancer. Hispanic women suffer the highest cervical cancer incidence rates in the United States. In this study, we conducted community-based focus groups with Hispanic women to explore knowledge and attitudes relating to cervical cancer, HPV, HPV testing, and HPV vaccination. Study findings suggest a need to increase public health literacy in relation to HPV, the link between HPV and cervical cancer, and HPV primary and secondary prevention options. Health care providers should be prepared to share information with patients that supports and promotes informed decision making about HPV testing and vaccines and their complementary roles in cervical cancer screening and prevention.     

HPV检测在妇产科临床中的应用

女性生殖道人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）感染临床常见,而持续性高危型HPV感染是发生宫颈癌的主要原因。目前临床上常用的几种HPV检测方法,其主要目的是确定是否存在高级别宫颈上皮内瘤样变（CIN）,而不是诊断有无病毒感染。美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准的HPV检测方法包括杂交捕获2代HPV （ＨＣ２－ＨＰＶ）、Cervista HPV、Cobas HPV和Aptima HPV检测。这4种HPV检测方法诊断高级别CIN的敏感度和特异度非常接近。目前HPV检测在妇产科临床中的应用主要包括：与细胞学联合筛查或单独筛查宫颈癌及其癌前病变、细胞学筛查异常的分流及治疗后或筛查异常的随访。HPV初筛方案与联合筛查效能相似、需要的检测次数更少,但HPV初筛诊断高级别CIN的特异度较低,也可能更易漏诊宫颈癌。如何最佳地将HPV检测应用于宫颈癌防治仍需继续完善。     

基因芯片技术检测宫颈癌组织的人乳头瘤病毒基因型

目的:了解宫颈癌患者人乳头瘤病毒的感染率及基因型分布情况,探讨人乳头瘤病毒基因型与癌肿类型的相关性。方法:采用可检测23种HPV基因型的基因芯片方法检测200例宫颈癌组织的HPV基因型,计算HPV及各基因型的感染率,比较HPV及其主要基因型分布与癌肿类型的关系。结果:200例宫颈癌组织中HPV的阳性率为94.00%,其中宫颈鳞癌为95.86%,显著高于宫颈腺癌的80.00%,χ2=9.73,P<0.01;而HPV16、HPV18型和HPV双重感染在鳞、腺癌中的阳性率无显著性差异;200例宫颈癌组织中共检测到9种HPV基因型,分别为HPV16、18、45、33、58、59、73、31、56,HPV16检出率最高,达74.00%、其次是HPV18(16.00%);HPV双重感染24例,检出率达12.00%。结论:HPV在宫颈鳞癌的感染率显著高于宫颈腺癌;HPV基因型分布与癌肿类型无关;宫颈癌的HPV基因型别多样,且均为高危型感染,以16、18型最常见,并存在双重感染。     

HPV与宫颈癌疫苗研究进展

绝大多数宫颈癌组织中均可检测出人乳头瘤病毒成分,人乳头瘤病毒致癌蛋白可引发宫颈鳞状上皮的恶性转化。以HPV为靶标的宫颈癌疫苗研究,成为宫颈癌生物治疗的重要策略,从多种途径进行的宫颈癌疫苗的研究,为防治HPV感染和宫颈癌的发生带来了新的希望。     

Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer: Gardasil vaccination status and knowledge amongst a nationally representative sample of Australian secondary school students

The aim of this paper was to measure student knowledge of HPV and risks associated with cervical cancer, explore associated factors, correlate knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer with other domains of sexual health related knowledge and estimate student self-reported rates of HPV immunisation. Data were from a nationally representative cross-sectional stratified cluster sample of year 10 and 12 students in the Australian secondary school system. Contingency table, comparison of means, correlation and multiple OLS regression analyses of students answering HPV (n = 1927) and cervical cancer (n = 2680) knowledge questions was undertaken. Student HPV and cervical cancer knowledge was generally poor. Young women exhibited better knowledge than young men however the difference was, to some extent, accounted for by vaccination for HPV. Sexually active students and those having more sexual partners in the previous year did not report higher levels of HPV and cervical cancer knowledge. The large majority of young women surveyed reported a HPV vaccination as did a small proportion of young men. Students who reported being vaccinated had higher levels of knowledge about HPV and cervical cancer. Student knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer is considerably limited. There is some evidence that being vaccinated for HPV improves a person's level of understanding of the disease and cervical cancer. The recent national public health campaign focussing on cervical cancer vaccination for young women may be partly responsible for a lack of understanding of HPV as a common STI.     

Prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus infection among married women in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2010

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary cause of cervical cancer. This study examined the prevalence of cervical HPV infection and the distribution of HPV specific types among married women in Hanoi to provide updated data for planning cancer preventive activities. Sample of 750 married women aged 15 to 69 years were interviewed and had gynecological examination. HPV infection status and HPV genotyping tests were done for all participants. RESULTS: indicated that the prevalence of cervical HPV infection in among married women in Hanoi was 6.13%. The 5 most common HPV types among Hanoi population were HPV 16, HPV 18, HPV 58, HPV 81, and HPV 45. HPV prevalence was higher among younger ages. The proportion of women infected with high-risk HPV accounted for 91.3% of the positive cases. As HPV infection is associated with cervical cancer, steps should be taken for cervical cancer screening and treatment for Hanoi population.     

Human papillomavirus and screening for cervical cancer: state of art and prospects

More than 99% of all cervical cancers contain high risk HPV. Only a persistent infection with high risk HPV of the cervical epithelium results in cervical cancer. Because the risk of cervical cancer is identical for all different HPV types, tests which detect all 14 high risk HPV types at one time are sufficient for clinical management. Testing for hr-HPV is mandatory for women with mild dyskaryosis and for the follow-up of women treated for CIN lesions. Based on efficiency to detect CIN3 and cervical cancer and preliminary cost benefit analysis, the combination of a high risk HPV test in conjunction with a cervical smear appears to be the best way of cervical cancer screening. A definite point of view on using high risk HPV testing for primary screening for cervical cancer will be obtained after the completion of a randomized trial of 44,000 women, in which the efficiency to detect CIN3 and cervical cancer by high risk HPV testing in conjunction with a cytomorphological smear is compared with screening by classical cytology.     

多种HPV亚型检测在宫颈病变诊治中的意义

目的:通过研究不同HPV亚型与宫颈病变之间的关系,为宫颈病变的筛查和防治提供理论基础。方法:采用导流杂交基因芯片技术对1 430例宫颈病变患者进行21种HPV亚型检测,包括16种高危亚型(HR-HPV)和5种低危亚型(LR-HPV),对阳性患者行宫颈多点活体组织检查(活检),以组织病理学诊断作为宫颈病变确诊的金标准。结果:①1 430例宫颈病变患者中检测到HPV阳性患者210例,阳性率为14.68%,其中,感染HR-HPV 174例(82.86%),感染LR-HPV 36例(17.14%);居前6位的感染亚型是:HPV 16(43.81%)、52(15.71%)、11(10.00%)、58(8.57%)、31(7.62%)、33(7.14%)。其中单一感染176例(83.81%),多重感染34例(16.19%)。②HR-HPV感染致CIN和宫颈癌的发病率明显高于LR-HPV;HR-HPV的感染率随宫颈病变程度的加重而逐渐增高,其中,宫颈癌组HR-HPV感染率与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③宫颈癌组HPV多重感染率与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:不同HPV亚型感染可导致不同的宫颈病变,并且与宫颈病变的不同程度密切相关。HPV多重感染与宫颈癌的发病密切相关。多种HPV亚型检测在宫颈病变筛查和防治过程中具有重要意义。     

宫颈疾病3328例临床分析

目的:探讨宫颈疾病发病情况及特点,为宫颈癌早诊早治提供依据。方法:对2002年1月~2004年12月就诊的3 328例宫颈疾病病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:宫颈炎性病变占82%,宫颈上皮内瘤样变占7%,宫颈浸润癌占0.3%。HPV感染阳性632例,其中宫颈上皮内瘤样变HPV感染率为64%,宫颈浸润癌HPV感染率为90%。宫颈良性病变中HPV的阳性率明显低于宫颈上皮内瘤样变及宫颈癌患者(P<0.01)。HPV感染的高峰年龄为18~28岁,宫颈癌及癌前病变的高峰年龄为30~48岁。高危HPV持续感染、多性伴、性传播疾病是发病的高危因素。结论:认真对待宫颈炎性病变,对HPV阳性者进行积极的跟踪、筛查是宫颈癌早期预防、诊治的重点。30~48岁是城市医院宫颈疾病诊治、宫颈癌防治的重点人群。     

Chapter 30: HPV vaccines and screening in the prevention of cervical cancer; conclusions from a 2006 workshop of international experts

The finding that cervical cancer only occurs in women infected with specific, "high-risk" types of the human papillomavirus (HPV) has led to the development of novel, non-cytology-based cervical cancer prevention strategies. We now have sensitive molecular methods for detecting HPV that dramatically improve our ability to detect high-grade cervical cancer precursor lesions. Perhaps more importantly, prophylactic HPV vaccines have been developed that are protective against cervical cancer precursors caused by HPV 16 and 18. In the Spring of 2006, over 100 experts in HPV, cervical cancer screening, and vaccination worked together to define how best to incorporate HPV DNA testing and the HPV vaccines into cervical cancer prevention efforts. In this summary, we summarize the opinions of this expert group on how these advances can be introduced to provide the maximum benefit to women and to reduce the global burden of cervical cancer.