术前正畸对完全性唇腭裂牙槽突植骨疗效的影响

目的　探讨牙槽突植骨术前正畸治疗对于完全性唇腭裂牙槽突植骨长期疗效的影响。方法　选择牙弓狭窄、上颌前牙舌倾或扭转 ,可以伴有前牙反 \ ,牙槽突植骨手术不易进行的完全性唇腭裂患者 16例 ,男 9例 ,女 7例。其中单侧完全性唇腭裂 10例 ,双侧完全性唇腭裂 6例 ,共有裂隙 2 2侧 ,患者年龄 8～ 2 2岁。在牙槽突植骨前进行正畸治疗 ,植骨术后定期拍摄上颌体腔片或上颌前部咬合片 ,观察植骨疗效 ,手术后观察期为 0 5～ 4年。牙槽骨高度的评价采用Bergland标准进行。结果　术前正畸 ,特别是通过开展狭窄的上牙弓 ,能够使因存在错畸形而不易进行牙槽突植骨的唇腭裂患者顺利完成手术 ,牙槽突植骨的临床成功率达 86 %。结论　对于上牙弓狭窄 ,错畸形严重的完全性唇腭裂患者 ,应该在植骨手术前进行正畸治疗。     

唇腭裂患者上颌前部牙槽骨厚度及骨开窗、骨开裂的三维评价研究

目的　利用锥形束CT（cone-beam CT,CBCT）评价不同类型唇腭裂患者上颌前部牙槽骨厚度和形态,以及上前牙骨开窗、骨开裂情况。方法　选择016年8月至019年10月间在南京医科大学附属口腔医院就诊拟行口腔正畸治疗的唇腭裂患者85例（男51例,女34例,平均年龄（14.65±4.95）岁）,其中单侧唇裂伴牙槽突裂（unilateral cleft lip and alveolus,UCLA）患者19例,单侧完全性唇腭裂（unilateral complete cleft lip and palate,UCLP）患者5例,双侧完全性唇腭裂（bilateral complete cleft lip and palate,BCLP）患者14例。在正畸治疗开始前均予以拍摄颌面部CBCT,应用Image J软件测量其上前牙唇腭侧牙槽骨厚度（alveolar bone thickness,ABT）,计算骨开窗、骨开裂发生率,并比较不同唇腭裂类型患者上颌前部ABT及上前牙骨开窗、骨开裂发生率的差异。结果　UCLP、UCLA患侧上前牙骨开裂发生率（34.9%、4.9%）显著高于其健侧（10.7%、11.1%）,但骨开窗发生率无统计学差异。UCLP健侧上中切牙（5.9%）、侧切牙（9.7%）骨开裂发生率低于UCLA。UCLA、UCLP、BCLP三组间患侧上前牙骨开裂及骨开窗发生率均无统计学差异。UCLP、UCLA患侧上前牙ABT在多部位小于其健侧。除UCLP/UCLA患侧侧切牙外,UCLA、UCLP、BCLP各类型上前牙唇侧平均ABT均小于腭侧。UCLA、UCLP、BCLP三组间患侧上前牙唇腭侧平均ABT无统计学差异。UCLP患侧上侧切牙、尖牙分别在唇侧和腭侧根颈处ABT大于UCLA。结论　单侧唇腭裂患者患侧上前牙骨开裂发生率高于健侧,ABT则在多部位小于其健侧;而三种类型患者上前牙唇侧ABT均小于其腭侧。单侧唇裂伴牙槽突裂与单侧完全性唇腭裂患者健侧上中切牙、侧切牙骨开裂发生率及患侧侧切牙、尖牙根颈处牙槽骨厚度存在差异;单侧与双侧完全性唇腭裂间上前牙骨开窗、骨开裂发生率及牙槽骨厚度则无差异。     

CT在唇腭裂二期牙槽突植骨疗效评价中的应用

目的 探讨唇腭裂二期牙槽突植骨后牙槽骨三维结构,以确保唇腭裂牙槽突植骨术后正畸 治疗的顺利进行。方法 选择唇腭裂二期牙槽突植骨术后半年以上的唇腭裂患者７名,病人的唇腭类型 分别为：单侧完全性唇腭裂６人,双侧完全性唇腭裂１人,牙槽突裂隙为８侧。病人的平均年龄为１５岁, 年龄范围 １１岁至 ２６岁。ＣＴ扫描平面与　面平行,从眶下缘至牙冠的根 １／３,每 ２毫米扫一层并进行三维 重建。结果ＣＴ可以真正反映唇腭裂牙槽突植骨部位的三维结构,能够发现唇腭侧存在的骨骼缺陷,有 利于唇腭裂序列治疗的顺利进行。结论 唇腭裂牙槽突植骨后,正畸治疗前采用ＣＴ这一先进手段进行 裂隙部位牙槽骨高度的三维评价,对于牙槽突植骨后正畸治疗及唇腭裂序列治疗具有十分重要的意义, 使牙槽突植骨的评价进入了三维时代。     

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目的观察单侧完全性唇腭裂患者牙槽突裂植骨术后,阻生前牙牵引助萌效果,并分析其成败原因。方法选取2002-2012年大连大学附属口腔医院大连市口腔医院诊治的8例二期植骨成功的替牙期单侧完全性唇腭裂伴牙槽突裂患者,其中男5例,女3例,年龄（10．5±2．6）岁。均有尖牙或侧切牙阻萌,其中侧切牙阻萌2例、尖牙阻萌6例。采用直丝弓矫治技术,在牙列排齐整平并开大阻生前牙间隙后与外科配合进行闭合式牵引助萌,同时进行矫治结果分析。结果6例牵引成功,平均疗程（22．5±4．5）个月,牵引时间（从手术开窗到牙齿破龈）平均（6．5±3．5）个月;牵引到位的牙齿与邻牙邻接关系良好,牙争关系稳定,但与对侧正常萌出前牙相比,牙龈形态略不同。其余2例（1例阻生侧切牙、1例阻生尖牙）牵引失败。结论对于唇腭裂伴牙槽嵴裂植骨术后出现前牙阻萌患者,应在矫治中及时进行牵引助萌。植骨时间、成功率、阻生尖牙萌出角度及与邻牙关系、助萌手术对阻生牙影响等均直接关系到牵引助萌的成败。     

单侧完全性唇腭裂患者牙槽植骨后前牙牵引助萌矫治效果评价

目的 观察单侧完全性唇腭裂患者牙槽突裂植骨术后,阻生前牙牵引助萌效果,并分析其成败原因。方法 选取2002—2012年大连大学附属口腔医院 大连市口腔医院诊治的8例二期植骨成功的替牙期单侧完全性唇腭裂伴牙槽突裂患者,其中男5例,女3例,年龄（10.5 ± 2.6）岁。均有尖牙或侧切牙阻萌,其中侧切牙阻萌2例、尖牙阻萌6例。采用直丝弓矫治技术,在牙列排齐整平并开大阻生前牙间隙后与外科配合进行闭合式牵引助萌,同时进行矫治结果分析。结果 6例牵引成功,平均疗程（22.5 ± 4.5）个月,牵引时间（从手术开窗到牙齿破龈）平均（6.5 ± 3.5）个月;牵引到位的牙齿与邻牙邻接关系良好,牙合关系稳定,但与对侧正常萌出前牙相比,牙龈形态略不同。其余2例（1例阻生侧切牙、1例阻生尖牙）牵引失败。结论 对于唇腭裂伴牙槽嵴裂植骨术后出现前牙阻萌患者,应在矫治中及时进行牵引助萌。植骨时间、成功率、阻生尖牙萌出角度及与邻牙关系、助萌手术对阻生牙影响等均直接关系到牵引助萌的成败。     

Long-term results after secondary bone grafting of alveolar clefts

The aim of this study was longitudinally to evaluate the treatment results after secondary bone grafting in 224 cleft patients with an observation period of more than four years. The patients were divided into three groups according to age and eruption stage of the canine at the time of surgery. Group A included 94 patients with a mean age of 10 years, operated before eruption of the canine; group B included 72 patients with a mean age of 13.1 years operated after eruption of the canine; and group C included 58 patients operated after the age of 16 years (mean age, 20.4 years). The evaluation of the treatment results included longitudinal comparison of marginal bone level, periodontal status on cleft-related teeth, dental status in the bone grafted region, esthetical and functional properties of the reconstructed alveolar process, as well as the influence on growth of the maxilla. The marginal bone level was found to be significantly higher among unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) patients in the youngest groups as compared to the other groups. The number of UCLP and BCLP patients who could be treated without bridgework was significantly higher in the youngest age group than in the other groups, as were the esthetic and functional properties of the reconstructed alveolar process. External root resorption occurred in 17 patients in groups B and C. No influence of the procedure on sagittal growth of the maxilla could be demonstrated, whereas the anterior facial height was reduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

唇腭裂患者齿槽嵴裂植骨修复术后随访结果分析

目的分析影响齿槽嵴裂修复术后效果的因素。方法对同一术者所行齿槽嵴裂植骨术的唇腭裂患者５４例进行回顾性研究，所有患者均有术前及手术后３个月以上的完整资料。分析植骨区的Ｘ线组织影像的临床分级与手术年龄、裂类型及手术类型等的关系。结果①齿槽嵴裂的植入骨成活率为９４％，临床成功率为８９％；②齿槽嵴裂的植骨效果与患者的年龄有关，１８岁以上患者植骨的临床成功率明显低于其他年龄患者；③除腭瘘修补术外，齿槽嵴裂植骨术与其他唇腭裂手术同期完成者其临床成功率与单纯行齿槽嵴裂植骨术的临床成功率相似；④单纯伴发唇裂或不完全腭裂的齿槽嵴裂植骨效果优于完全性唇腭裂的齿槽嵴裂植骨效果。结论良好植骨床的形成和植骨区严密的缝合是保证齿槽嵴裂植骨成功的关键     

Preliminary report of two-stage secondary alveolar bone grafting for patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVE: To overcome the difficulties of one-stage secondary alveolar bone grafting for patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) who have a broad alveolar cleft, the value of two-stage alveolar bone grafting was examined. PATIENTS: Three patients (2 girls and 1 boy) with BCLP were treated by two-stage alveolar bone grafting. The procedure consisted of a first-stage surgery (mean age 8 year 6 months +/- 7.8 months), which consisted of alveolar bone grafting for one side of the BCLP, and second-stage surgery for the contralateral side several months later. For the postoperative assessment, radiographs of the operated site were examined. RESULTS: The average amount of implanted bone per operation and per patient was 6.8 +/- 1.1 g and 13.7 +/- 1.0 g, respectively. Postoperative clinical and radiographic examinations revealed that an appreciable alveolar bone ridge had formed, and there were no major complications. CONCLUSIONS: Two-stage alveolar bone grafting, which makes it possible to reduce the amount of implanted bone, could be an optional surgical procedure for patients with BCLP and a broad alveolar cleft.     

Prediction of outcomes of secondary alveolar bone grafting in children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate

The aim of this cross-sectional clinical outcome study using retrospective data capture of treatment histories was to examine the characteristics of children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) in the United Kingdom (UK) who were not grafted at the appropriate age or who had an unsuccessful secondary alveolar bone graft. The subjects were born with complete non-syndromic UCLP between 1.4.82 and 31.3.84 and were aged between 12.0 years and 14.7 years at the time of data collection under the care of 48 cleft teams. The success of secondary alveolar bone grafting was assessed using a modification of the Bergland index. There were no independent predictors for unmet bone grafting need. The outcome of secondary alveolar bone grafting was assessed for 164 subjects; 90 (55%) had a successful first graft. Non-Caucasian (P = 0.037) and increasing age at grafting (P = 0.007) were risk factors for poor outcome. After adjustment for other risk factors, increased age at grafting was independently associated with having a seriously deficient or failed graft (OR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.06 P = 0.036). All the non-Caucasians in this sample had an unsatisfactory graft. Increasing age in months at grafting and ethnicity are predictors for poor outcome of secondary alveolar bone grafting in children born with UCLP in the UK.     

双侧唇腭裂牙槽突植骨长期疗效的研究

目的　探讨双侧唇腭裂病例牙槽突植骨的远期疗效。方法　 5 5例双侧完全性唇腭裂患者 ,双侧牙槽突植骨手术在GOS儿童医院 (GreatOrmondStreetHospitalforChildren)完成 ,植骨部位共110个。植骨材料选用髂骨松质骨 ,以植骨手术进行时尖牙的萌出情况将裂隙分为 2组。植骨前后拍摄上颌前部咬合片 ,手术后观察时间为 1至 10年。采用Bergland标准评价植骨部位的牙槽骨高度。结果　在尖牙萌出前植骨的成功率 (95 % )明显高于尖牙萌出后植骨者 (6 7% )。结论　影响唇腭裂患者牙槽突植骨成功的因素很多 ,植骨时机是植骨成功与否的重要因素     

唇腭裂二期牙槽突植骨临床常用评价方法的分析

目的随机选择52例单侧完全性唇腭裂患者,其中男性31人,女性21人,牙槽突植骨手术进行时,病人的年龄范围9至26岁,平均年龄15.2岁。方法在牙槽突植骨手术后对病人定期随访并拍摄上颌前部咬合片和上颌体腔片。分析上述两种X线片在评价牙槽裂隙部位牙槽骨高度的作用时,使用同一天拍摄的上颌体腔片和上颌前部咬合片。拍摄所分析的X线片时,裂隙侧尖牙已经萌出。评价标准采用1986年Bergland等所提出的临床分级方法进行。每种X线片分别进行两次评价,两次评价间间隔一周。结果上颌前部咬合片和上颌体腔片在评价牙槽突植骨部位的牙槽骨高度上没有本质的区别。结论正畸治疗前判断牙槽突高度时,既可以选择上颌体腔片也可以选择上颌前部咬合片。     

Transverse changes after surgical closure of complete cleft lip, alveolus and palate

Surgery for patients with unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral (BCLP) complete cleft lip, alveolus and palate has a considerable influence upon craniofacial growth. With respect to this, the cleft team at Hannover Medical School has attempted to reduce necessary surgical interventions to labioplasty, palatoplasty and veloplasty. Still, the effects of these operations influence maxillary growth to an extent which requires orthodontic treatment in all patients. This study focuses upon the transverse alterations of the alveolar arch and the deciduous dentition after lip and palate surgery. Dental casts prior to any surgical intervention and after labioplasty and complete palaotoplasty of the hard and soft palate were measured for transverse changes by using anatomical landmarks. The results indicate a significant occurrence of anterior relative to posterior arch width loss for both UCLP and BCLP patients. Orthodontic treatment should be planned and performed with respect to these findings in order to support craniofacial growth and prevent maxillary dental arch deficiency. Received: 2 November 1998 / Accepted: 15 February 1999     

大龄腭裂患者同期腭裂修复与齿槽嵴裂植骨的临床观察

目的：探讨８岁以上单侧完全性腭裂患者同期腭裂修复与齿槽嵴裂植骨的可行性及植骨效果。方法：对３８例同期腭裂修复与齿槽嵴裂植骨的腭裂患者作回顾性研究。患者年龄８～２４岁,平均年龄为１４．８岁。分析手术时间、术中出血、术后恢复和创口愈合情况。术后随访１２月以上,对随访的Ｘ线片进行植骨效果的客观评价。结果：所有手术均顺利完成,平均手术时间比单纯改良兰氏腭裂修复手术多３７ｍｉｎ,没有明显增加术中出血量,患者     

Evaluation of secondary alveolar bone grafting outcomes performed after canine eruption in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate

Clinical Oral Investigations - Evaluate the results of secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), operated after permanent canine...     

改良唇挡单侧扩弓后牙槽骨高度与厚度变化的CBCT研究

目的 研究改良唇挡单侧扩弓后裂侧牙槽骨高度与厚度的变化.方法 对年龄在12～16岁应用改良唇挡完成单侧扩弓的18名单侧完全性唇腭裂患者扩弓前后的CBCT图像进行重建,测量扩弓后裂侧牙槽骨高度与厚度,对测量结果进行统计学分析.结果 裂侧尖牙、第一、第二前磨牙颊、腭侧牙槽骨的高度均降低,其中尖牙变化量最大(P<0.01),尖牙颊侧骨开裂的患者增多.第一、第二前磨牙颊侧牙槽骨在釉牙骨质界下4mm、6mm处厚度增加,尖牙颊侧在6mm处骨厚度增加(P<0.01),在4mm处骨厚度减少(P<0.05),尖牙、第一、第二前磨牙腭侧牙槽骨厚度减少.结论 唇挡扩弓后,裂侧牙齿颊侧牙槽骨的高度降低,厚度增加.对于裂侧尖牙正畸治疗前后的牙周状况应该引起重视.     

Prevalence of intranasal ectopic teeth in children with complete unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ectopic eruption of intranasal teeth. DESIGN: This was a retrospective study, where records of children with repaired cleft lip and palate were analyzed. SETTING: The study was conducted at a large craniofacial center, the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, USP, Bauru, S?o Paulo, Brazil. SUBJECTS: The sample consisted of 815 records from patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) and 1,495 records from patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). The age of the subjects was 5 to 10 years old and the groups included both males and females. RESULTS: The results showed that 0.61% of the children with BCLP and 0.40% of those with UCLP had an intranasal tooth. The prevalence of an intranasal tooth for the whole group was 0.48%, and it appeared to be more common in females.     

Changes in soft tissue thickness after Le Fort I osteotomy in different cleft types

The soft tissue thickness before and after Le Fort I osteotomy was evaluated in 46 cleft patients. The sample consisted of 10 patients with isolated cleft palate (CP, mean age 25.5 years); 10 patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP, mean age 21.7 years); and 26 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP, mean age 22.9 years). Patients with bimaxillary surgery, simultaneous rhinoplasty, or V-Y plasty of the upper lip were excluded. Soft tissue changes were analyzed by cephalograms taken shortly before surgery and at 6 months postoperatively. Horizontal advancement varied from 4.1 mm in the UCLP group to 5 mm in the BCLP group. The vertical lengthening varied from 3.7 mm in the CP group to 7.2 mm in the BCLP group. In all cleft types, thinning of the subnasal area, superior labial sulcus, and upper lip (anterior nasal spine-subnasale, point A-soft tissue point A, and prosthion-labrale superius) took place. Significant thinning of the upper lip occurred in the UCLP and BCLP patients. Surgical changes of the lower lip and mandibular area were small and insignificant. There were significant differences in soft tissue thicknesses between different types of clefts. The subnasal area and superior labial sulcus were significantly thicker in the CP group than in the BCLP or UCLP groups, both pre- and postoperatively. The upper lip was thickest in the BCLP group preoperatively but thickest in the CP group postoperatively. The upper lip was thinnest in the UCLP group both before and after the operation.     

唇腭裂二期牙槽突植骨二维与三维影像评价方法的对比分析

目的　探讨二维X线片与CT扫描及三维重建在评价唇腭裂二期牙槽突植骨疗效中的一致性。方法　选择唇腭裂二期牙槽突植骨术后半年以上的唇腭裂 9例 (单侧完全性唇腭裂 8例 ,双侧完全性唇腭裂 1例 ) ,牙槽突裂隙为 10侧。年龄范围 12～ 2 6岁 ,平均年龄 15 5岁。患者首先拍摄上颌前部咬合片 ,经Bergland分级标准确定为 :Ⅰ型 :2侧 ;Ⅱ型 :2侧 ;Ⅲ型 :5侧 ;Ⅳ型 :1侧。在上颌前部咬合片拍摄后的 2个月内 ,进行上颌骨CT扫描及三维重建。结果　上颌前部咬合片所示裂隙植骨区牙槽骨的高度被CT证实。CT检查发现有 2个裂隙植骨区存在唇、腭侧凹陷。结论　唇腭裂牙槽突植骨后 ,在正畸前仍然可以使用上颌前部咬合片进行牙槽突植骨疗效的评价。但同时应注意观察X线片植骨区牙槽骨的密度和临床检查 ,必要时应该进行CT检查     

Mandibular bone graft material for reconstruction of alveolar cleft defects: long-term results.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the long-term effect of mandibular bone as donor material in bone grafting of the alveolar process defect in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), compared with iliac crest cancellous bone. METHOD: During a 7-year period, 101 UCLP patients were bone grafted, 57 cases with iliac crest cancellous bone and 44 with mandibular symphyseal bone. The long-term results with an observation time of more than 4 years were analyzed with respect to marginal bone level and dental and gingival condition in the grafted area. Complications were recorded. RESULTS: The bone level in the grafted area was satisfactory in both groups. Impaction of cleft-side canines was found in 35% of the patients in both groups. Patients with agenesis of the cleft side lateral incisor had significantly more impacted canines, compared with patients with a cleft-side lateral situated in the lesser maxillary segment, probably due to the fact that the lateral incisors help in guiding the canine down through the grafted area. The number of complications was scarce, although both groups demonstrated some gingival retraction with a longer crown length at the cleft side central incisor. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study have changed our strategy in bone grafting. Timing of orthodontic treatment and bone grafting has been more varied depending on the position and presence of teeth in the cleft area. Bone grafting of the alveolar process is not just a local treatment of a bony defect, but in respect to the burden of treatment, bone grafting of the alveolar process has to be planned in accordance with orthodontic treatment and maxillofacial growth.