Dietary fats, antioxidants and blood pressure

Although obesity and alcohol intake as well as dietary sodium, potassium and magnesium are the major non-genetic determinants of blood pressure levels, interest has recently been stimulated in the function of fatty acids and antioxidants in the aetiology of hypertension. In the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study both plasma ascorbic acid and serum selenium concentrations had a moderate, independent inverse association, estimated dietary intake of saturated fatty acids had a positive association and estimated dietary intake of linolenic acid had an inverse association with the mean resting blood pressure in 722 Eastern Finnish men with neither self reported hypertension nor cerebrovascular disease. Even though these cross sectional observations do not prove causality, they warrant clinical trials to verify or disprove that dietary fats and antioxidants are factors in the development of hypertension.     

Dietary fats and platelet function among Finnish men

The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of platelet aggregation as a risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD) and the relationship between fatty acids and platelet function. Platelet aggregation upon adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adrenaline and thrombin were measured in middle aged men in east and west, two regions of Finland with a nearly twofold difference in IHD mortality. Platelet aggregation results were correlated with the fatty acid compositions of plasma lipid fractions, adipose tissue triglycerides and platelet phospholipids. There was no significant east-west difference in platelet reactivity to ADP, adrenaline and thrombin. ADP-induced platelet aggregation showed significant negative correlations with all the platelet C20-C22 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), but significant positive correlations with the percentage of 18:2n-6 in adipose tissue and plasma cholesterol esters (CE) and triglycerides (TG). Adrenaline-induced aggregation correlated negatively with the percentage of 20:5n-3 in plasma CE and TG, and positively with the total percentage of saturated fatty acids in platelets. Aggregation upon thrombin had a negative correlation with the 20:3n-6/20: 4n-6 ratio in plasma CE and a positive correlation with 18:2n-6 in adipose tissue. The percentages of the major PUFA in platelets correlated significantly with the same fatty acids in plasma CE and phospholipids PL. Platelet 20: 5n-3 had a highly significant negative correlation with the percentage of 18: 2n-6 in plasma and adipose tissue lipids. Platelet 20: 4n-6 was unrelated to its precursors in plasma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Determinants of fasting and postprandial serum bile acid levels in healthy man

The relationship between serum levels of conjugates of cholic acid measured by radioimmunoassay, bile acid absorption, and hepatic clearance was studied in order to define the determinants of fasting and postprandial serum bile acids in healthy man. Acute or chronic interruption of the enterohepatic circulation caused a significant decrease in basal serum levels of cholyl conjugates, while liquid or solid meals caused a marked and reproducible increase in serum cholyl conjugates. A temporal correlation was demonstrated postprandially or after intravenous cholecystokinin between intestinal transit of bile acids and simultaneous changes in levels of serum cholyl conjugates. Finally, the plasma disappearance of intravenously injected cholylglycine was shown to be unaffected by serum levels of endogenous cholyl conjugates. These data are consistent with the interpretation that, in the presence of normal hepatic function, the major determinant of serum bile acids is their rate of intestinal absorption.     

泌尿系统结石成分谱及与血清TG、TC及PGE2水平的相关性

目的分析泌尿系统结石成分谱及与血清三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)及前列腺素E2(PGE2)水平的相关性。方法选取2015年5月至2018年12月于该院就诊的肾结石患者1875例为患者组,选取同期于该院体检合格的健康者83例为对照组。在征得受试者同意的前提下,分别于进入研究队列时刻(T0)及治疗后即入选后第90天(T1)对受试者进行血液标本采集(对照组仅采集T0时的血液标本),采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测血清TG、TC及PGE2水平。结果1875例患者中1677例患者的主要结石成分为草酸钙;主要结石成分为磷酸磷灰石的患者为117例;主要结石成分为尿酸的患者55例;主要结石成分为磷酸镁铵的患者23例;主要结石成分为胱氨酸的患者3例。不同结石成分患者24h尿量及尿pH值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。患者组和健康组血清TG、TC及PGE2水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者组T0和T1的血清TG、TC及PGE2水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。以治疗后水平为基线,血清TG、TC及PGE2水平均存在两两间的正相关(P<0.05)。草酸钙结石患者肾组织标本切片的HE染色显示,肾小管有扩张表现,且多数肾小管中存在草酸钙结晶或结晶团块。结论荆门地区泌尿系统结石成分以草酸钙为主,血清TG、TC及PGE2水平有助于泌尿系统结石的诊断;相比于其他结石成分,草酸钙结石对肾组织损伤更为明显。     

精神分裂症患者药物治疗过程中血糖三酰甘油和甲状腺素水平分析

目的比较精神分裂症患者服用抗精神病药物后血葡萄糖（glucose,GIU）、甘油三酰（triglyceride,TG）和游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（fee-triio-dothyronine,FT3）、游离甲状腺素（free-thyroxine,FT4）、促甲状腺素（thyroidstimulathing hormone,TSH）水平的变化。方法观察不同抗精神病药物治疗的患者88例,分别于第2、4、8、12周检测血GLU、TG和甲状腺素水平。结果在治疗过程中,两组患者血GLU水平略有升高,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。治疗4周后,TG水平都显著升高,氯氮平组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,利培酮组差异也有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。在治疗8周后,氯氮平组TG水平进一步升高（P〈0．001）,利培酮组TG水平也明显升高（P〈0．01）,此时两组FT4水平都显著降低（P〈0．05）,而TSH水平却显著升高（P〈0．05）,且患者TG与FT3、FT4水平呈显著负相关。结论长期服用氯氮平和利培酮治疗的精神分裂症患者存在脂代谢紊乱,而这种紊乱与甲状腺素水平有显著的相关性。     

Pharyngeal lipase and digestion of dietary triglyceride in man.

Lipolytic activity was studied in esophageal and gastric aspirates obtained with a nasogastric tube from 14 healthy adult subjects. Samples were collected from esophagus, first at 30-35 cm and then at 40-45 cm from the nose, as the subject, after drinking 15-30 ml of a cream-milk mixture, swallowed small amounts of water. The samples from stomach were taken last and usually contained a small amount of cream-milk mixture. Lipolytic activity was assayed using chylomicron, milk, and corn oil triglyceride as substrate. Esophageal and gastric samples both contained lipolytic activity which hydrolyzed long-chain triglyceride to diglyceride, monoglyceride, and FFTA, had a pH optimum of 5.4, and was not affected by either had a pH optimum of 5.4, and was not affected by either 0.5 M NaCl or 4 mM sodium taurodexycholate. The activity, expressed as nanomoles of chylomicron triglyceride hydrolyzed per milliter per minute, ranged from 0 to 145 in upper esophageal, 5 to 303 in lower esophageal, and 50 to 357 in gastric samples. Only a trace of lipolytic activity was found at pH 5.4 in saliva collected from the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, thus excluding those tissues as a source of the activity found in esophageal and gastric aspirates. The findings suggest that in man glands in or near the pharynx secrete a lipase that acts in the stomach to hydrolyze long-chain triglyceride to partial glycerides and FFA. It is proposed this reaction is the first step in the digestion of dietary fat and that the amphiphilic lipids formed by lipolysis facilitate the emulsification of triglyceride in the stomach.     

老年人不同年龄段血流变与甘油三酯改变的影响

目的 探讨老年人不同年龄段甘油三酯的改变对其血流变的影响.方法 收集895例佛山地区60以上老年人体检资料,首先分为男女对照组(男747人,女148人),并以年龄段分为3个组别,以61～70岁为对照组,与71～80岁、80岁以上组别进行对比,通过统计分析,研究甘油三酯(TG)与全血黏度高切(WBACH)、全血黏度低切(WBACL)、全血还原黏度高切(WBOACH)、全血黏度低切(WBOACL)、血浆黏度(BPAC)等密切的关系.结果 男性甘油三酯(TG)在对照组达到高峰,女性则以71～80岁组别达到高峰,随后稍有下降,但各组别仍然高于正常.而老年人血流变指标则以对照组为最高,随后也稍有下降,但各组别仍然高于正常,与甘油三酯(TG)呈正相关.结论 老年人甘油三酯的升降造成血液的黏稠度的变化,从而引起血流变各项指标的改变,对预防老年人由于高血脂所引起的心脑血管等疾病有十分重要的作用.