子宫内膜异位症影响体外受精—胚胎移植的具体环节探讨

目的　探讨子宫内膜异位症 (内异症 )对体外受精 -胚胎移植 (IVF ET)的影响。方法　回顾性分析85例输卵管因素不孕的患者 (A组 ,12 3个周期 )、18例卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的患者 (B组 ,2 5个周期 )和 16例无卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的内异症患者 (C组 ,2 0个周期 )的获卵数、受精率、卵裂率、胚胎种植率和临床妊娠率等情况。结果　B组的获卵数为 (7 1± 5 9)个 ,非常显著地少于A组的 (11 6± 8 4)个和C组的 (12 1± 7 8)个 ,P <0 0 1;B组和C组的受精率分别为 6 9 5 %和 70 3% ,均显著地低于A组的 77 5 % ,P <0 0 5 ;A、B、C三组的卵裂率、子宫内膜的厚度与类型、胚胎种植率和临床妊娠率均无显著差别。结论　子宫内膜异位囊肿影响卵巢对超排卵的反应 ,内异症影响卵子的受精 ,但不影响受精卵的分裂、子宫内膜容受力、胚胎种植率和临床妊娠率。     

Live birth after in vitro fertilization and single embryo transfer in a kidney transplant patient: a case report and review of the literature

Background  

To present a successful case of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and single embryo transfer (SET) in a kidney transplant (NTX) patient and review of the literature.     

血清雌二醇水平和获卵数对体外受精-胚胎移植治疗结局的影响

目的 探讨体外受精与胚胎移植（IVF－ET）程序中注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）日血清雌二醇（E2）水平及获卵数目对其治疗结局的影响。方法 回顾分析2000年2月至2001年1月947个IVF－ET周期的资料。结果 注射HCG日血清E2水平过高、获卵过多者，IVF－ET卵母细胞受精率下降，IVF－ET临床妊娠率从单因素分析，有增高趋势，经多因素Logistic回归分析，排除年龄等干扰因素后，血E2水平及获卵数对IVF－ET临床妊娠的影响无统计学意义。血E2水平过高及获卵过多者，伴随重度OHSS发生率的上升。结论 注射HCG日血E2水平过高及获卵数过多不能预测IVF－ET的临床妊娠。     

A prediction model for selecting patients undergoing in vitro fertilization for elective single embryo transfer

OBJECTIVE: Construction of a prediction model to enable the selection of patients for elective single ET. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Fertility center in a tertiary referral university hospital. PATIENT(S): Six hundred forty-two women undergoing their first IVF treatment cycle in which no more than two embryos were transferred. INTERVENTION(S): Database analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Ongoing pregnancy and multiple pregnancy. RESULT(S): In multivariate analysis, the best predictors for ongoing pregnancy were female age, the number of retrieved oocytes, the developmental stage score and the morphology score of the two best embryos available for transfer, and the day of transfer. Younger age and high quality of transferred embryos were the best predictors for increased risk of multiple pregnancy. The resulting model enables the calculation of probabilities of pregnancy and twin pregnancy. Depending on embryo quality, there is a threshold age under which the chance of singleton pregnancy is higher if one embryo is transferred compared with two embryos. CONCLUSION(S): Application of this model may enable a reduction in the chance of twin pregnancy without compromising singleton pregnancy rates in a subgroup of patients undergoing IVF.     

Public health implications of a North American publicly funded in vitro fertilization program; lessons to learn

Purpose

A retrospective study was conducted to determine trends in practice and outcomes that occurred since the implementation of the publicly funded in vitro fertilization (IVF) and single embryo transfer (SET) program in Quebec, in August, 2010.

Methods

Data presented was extracted from an advisory report by the Health and Welfare Commissioner, and from a report by the Ministry of Health and Social Services published in June 2014 and October 2013, respectively. This data is publicly available, and was collected from all six private and three public-assisted reproduction centers in Quebec providing IVF services. Data pertains to all IVF cycles performed from the 2009–2010 to 2012–2013 fiscal years.

Results

SET was performed in 71 % of cycles in 2012. The number of children born from IVF was 1057 in 2009–2010 and 1723 in 2012–2013 (p < 0.0001). Multiple birth rates from IVF were 24 % in 2009–2010 (before the program began) and 9.45 % in 2012–2013 (p < 0.0001). The proportions of IVF babies that were premature, that were the result of multiple births, or that required neonatal intensive care unit admission (NICU) all decreased by 35.5 % (p < 0.0001), 55 % (p < 0.0001), and 37 % (p < 0.0001), respectively, from 2009–2010 to 2012–2013. The cost per NICU admission for an IVF baby increased from $19,990 to $28,418 from 2009–2010 to 2011–2012.

Conclusion

This first North American publicly funded IVF program with a SET policy shows that such a program contributes substantially to number of births. It has also succeeded in increasing access to treatment and decreasing perinatal morbidity by decreasing multiple birth rates from IVF. A substantial increase in global public health care costs occurred as well.     

Minimal precycle testing and ongoing cycle monitoring for in vitro fertilization and fresh pre-embryo transfer do not compromise fertilization, implantation, or ongoing pregnancy rates

OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the fertilization, implantation, and ongoing pregnancy rates with a minimal precycle and ongoing cycle monitoring protocol for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review was conducted of 103 consecutive cycles of fresh in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer from 1996 to 1998. Precycle screening included semen analysis without strict morphologic analysis, and hysterosalpingography-sonohysterography within the last year. Serum prolactin, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, reactive plasma reagin, human immunodeficiency virus, rubella titer, blood type, hepatitis B surface antigen, and hepatitis C antibody testing was performed on all patients within 3 months of cycle initiation. Women > or =37 years old underwent clomiphene challenge testing. The monitoring protocol included the following: baseline transvaginal ultrasonography after 12 to 14 days of midluteal gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist down-regulation to assess endometrial thickness and adnexal appearance, transvaginal ultrasonography for follicle evaluation at 7 and 10 days, serum estradiol assay if > or =20 follicles, quantitative beta-human chorionic gonadotropin 12 to 14 days after pre-embryo transfer, repeat quantitative beta-human chorionic gonadotropin 3 to 5 days later, and transvaginal ultrasonography for intrauterine gestational sac confirmation 7 to 9 days after the initial positive pregnancy test result. The dose of gonadotropin used remained constant unless the sonogram obtained on day 7 indicated a suboptimal response (<3 follicles each, with an average diameter of 10 to 12 mm) or hyperresponse (> or =15 follicles with an average diameter of 10 to 12 mm). RESULTS: The per embryo implantation rate (fetal cardiac activity) was 13.1%, and the live birth rate per 100 pre-embryo transfers was 31.5 for patients < or =40 years old. The average number of pre-embryos transferred was 3.1. The singleton pregnancy rate was 71%, and there were no multiple gestations greater than twins. The mean number of oocytes fertilized was 66%. There was 1 case of failed fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection. There were two other cases of failed fertilization. One case of severe ovarian hyperstimulation occurred in spite of cryopreservation of all embryos. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer can be accomplished with minimal precycle testing and ongoing cycle monitoring without compromising fertilization, implantation, and ongoing pregnancy rates. This results in reduced overall costs for couples.     

体外受精—胚胎移植前切除积水输卵管的意义

目的探讨体外受精-胚胎移植 (in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer,IVF-ET) 前切除积水的输卵 管的意义。方法回顾性分析因输卵管积水导致不孕而要求接受IVF-ET的32例患者,其中17例病人在 IVF-ET切除了积水的输卵管,共接受IVF-ET27个周期,为观察组;有15例病人未切除积水输卵管,共接 受IVF-ET26个周期,为对照组。比较两组病人卵巢对超排卵的反应、受精率、卵裂率、累计胚胎评分(cumula tive embryo score,CES)、胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率。结果观察组受精率、卵裂率、胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率分别 为76.9％、75.0％、11.6％、33.9％,均显著地高于对照组的69.2％、66.7％、2.3％、7.7％,P＜0.05;观察组CES 为(43.4±11.2),非常显著地高于对照组(36.6±13.1),P＜0.01;观察组和对照组的获卵数分别为(13.1±9.7) 个和(12.9±8.2)个,无显著差异。结论IVF-ET前切除积水的输卵管可改善IVF-ET的结局,并且不影响 卵巢对超排卵的反应。     

Risk of preterm delivery in singletons conceived by in vitro fertilization

To evaluate the preterm delivery and other obstetrics complications similar in singleton pregnancies achieved through IVF compared to spontaneous pregnancies. Retrospective case-control study included 1663 women with singleton pregnancies following IVF-ICSI (study group) and 3326 women with singleton spontaneous pregnancies (control group) who delivered between January 2015 and January 2018 at the Peking University Third Hospital. The control group matched 1:2 by age, BMI, parity, and gravidity. Maternal outcomes included preterm delivery and complications. There was significantly higher incidence of gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, and placenta previa in IVF-ICSI pregnancies versus controls (p?<?.05). IVF-ICSI resulted in significantly higher rate of preterm birth than in spontaneous pregnancies (p?<?.05) and the difference remained significant for deliveries that occurred before 28, 32, and 34?weeks gestation (p?<?.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that female-factor infertility, hypertensive disorder, placenta previa, and PROM were significant prognostic factors associated with increased risk of prematurity. IVF-ICSI is associated with increased risk of obstetric complications including preterm delivery in singleton pregnancies. Female-factor infertility is an independent prognostic factor for preterm birth. This information is important for patient counseling and helps to refine the recommendation to optimize maternal health before embarking on fertility treatments.     

Double transfer of embryos in in vitro fertilization,or is there a delayed receptivity of the endometrium?

Sixty-seven in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients who underwent ultrasonically guided oocyte pickup (OPU) after induction of superovulation with human menopausal gonadotropins were submitted to two different protocols of embryo transfer. In the first group of 33 patients, four to five embryos were transferred to the uterus 48 hr after OPU. In the second group of 34 patients two to three embryos were transferred at 48 hr after OPU and two other embryos were transferred after freezing and thawing 48 hr later (96 hr after OPU). The pregnancy rate achieved in the double embryo transfer (ET) protocol was significantly higher than in the single-ET protocol (32.4 vs. 18.2%, respectively; P<0.05).     

卵泡液中PAF水平与体外受精结局的关系

目的:研究不孕妇女接受IVF-ET治疗过程中取卵日卵泡液中PAF水平与IVF-ET结局的关系。方法:回顾分析于我院首次接受IVF-ET助孕、当日移植新鲜胚胎的68例患者的临床资料。根据取卵日卵泡液中PAF水平分为3组:低PAF组(≤5.9ng/ml)、中PAF组(5.9~11ng/ml)和高PAF组(≥11ng/ml)。结果:取卵日卵泡液中PAF水平与年龄呈明显负相关(r=-0.313,P0.05)。卵泡液中PAF水平与HCG日血清E_2水平的关系:当E_2≤1000pg/ml时,PAF水平与之呈明显正相关(r=0.800,P0.05);当E_2水平1000pg/ml时,PAF与之呈明显负相关(r=-0.378,P0.05)。卵泡液中PAF水平与获卵数呈明显正相关(r=0.249,P0.05);3组患者的2PN形成率、优胚率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:卵泡液中PAF水平对IVF-ET结局有一定的影响。     

子宫内膜异位症影响体外受精-胚胎移植结局的初步探讨

目的　探讨子宫内膜异位症的严重程度对体外受精 胚胎移植 (IVF ET)各个环节的影响。方法　对1999年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 4月在中山大学附属第一医院 10 7例已明确分期的子宫内膜异位症不育患者共 139周期IVF ET与同期输卵管因素不育患者 139例进行的 139周期IVF ET的控制性超排卵 (COH)治疗、受精率、卵裂率、每周期胚胎植入率和临床妊娠率、流产率等进行回顾性对照分析。结果　中、重度子宫内膜异位症不育患者与对照组相比进行IVF治疗时使用促性腺激素的总量增加而获卵数减少。重度患者雌二醇 (E2 )峰值下降 ,流产率增加 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 )。子宫内膜异位症不育患者IVF ET治疗时随着病情加重 ,卵巢对控制性超排卵的反应性下降 ,重度患者流产率增高。结论　子宫内膜异位症影响了卵子与胚胎的发育。     

Laparoscopic excision of ovarian endometrioma does not exert a qualitative effect on ovarian function: insights from in vitro fertilization and single embryo transfer cycles

Purpose

To evaluate whether laparoscopic excision of endometrioma exerts a qualitative effect on ovarian function.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of oocytes retrieved in 25 cycles of 21 patients undergoing IVF treatment with controlled ovarian stimulation. The number of oocytes recovered from ovaries with a history of excision of endometrioma (E-Ov) were compared to those from contra-lateral healthy ovaries (H-Ov) as for the analysis of a quantitative effect of surgery. As for the analysis of a qualitative effect, 55 oocytes from E-Ov were compared to 128 oocytes from H-Ov in terms of normal fertilization rate and the rate of top-quality embryos per normally fertilized eggs. Furthermore, 10 embryos derived from oocytes recovered from E-Ov were compared to 24 embryos derived from oocytes from H-Ov in terms of clinical and on-going pregnancy rates per embryos in 34 single embryo transfer cycles.

Results

Mean number of oocytes recovered from E-Ov was significantly smaller than that from H-Ov (2.2 ± 2.0 vs. 5.1 ± 3.3, P = 0.009). There was no difference between oocytes from E-Ov and H-Ov as for normal fertilization rate (63.6 % vs. 69.5 %, P = 0.43) and the rate of top-quality embryos (40.0 % vs. 49.0 %, P = 0.34). Clinical and on-going pregnancy rates per embryos were also similar in embryos derived from oocytes recovered from E-Ov and H-Ov (40.0 % vs. 25.0 %, P = 0.39 and 20.0 % vs. 20.8 %, P = 0.96).

Conclusions

The quality of oocytes recovered from the ovary with a history of laparoscopic excision of endometrioma is not inferior to the quality of oocytes from contra-lateral healthy ovary.     

常规体外受精与卵胞浆单精子注射技术妊娠及分娩结果比较

目的通过比较接受常规体外受精技术(IVF)及卵胞浆单精子注射技术(ICSI)治疗后妊娠的病例,分析临床资料、妊娠及产科结局,从而评估其安全性。方法对中山大学附属第一医院1998年1月至1999年12月接受体外受精-胚胎移植治疗后妊娠的533例临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果ICSI组受精率明显高于IVF组,IVF和ICSI两组早期胚胎发育情况、产科结局、围生情况及出生后婴儿的健康情况差异无显著性意义。结论与常规IVF相比,ICSI并不增加胎儿畸形率及新生儿并发症,但仍需要长期的大量的随访以排除可能的危险性。     

Clinical study on embryo transfer after human in vitro fertilization

One hundred forty-six embryo transfers were carried out in the In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Clinic at St. Pierre Hospital, Brussels, between November 1983 and February 1985. In each of these cases a series of characteristics of the replacement procedure was systematically rates indicated that (i) no significant differences appeared among three different operators, (ii) the absence or occurrence of cervical bleeding and subjective evaluation of the procedure were related to the chances of establishing a pregnancy, and (iii) the duration of replacement had no influence on the outcome of trials. A prospeative randomized study of 100 replacements showed that (i) no better pregnancy rate was obtained by placing patients in the knee-to-chest rather than the dorsal position and (ii) the addition of a rigid external sleeve to the catheter did not provide any advantage. A simplified method of replacement is thus advocated.     

剖宫产手术史对体外受精-胚胎移植患者临床结局的影响

目的探讨剖宫产手术史对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)患者临床结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2013年1月—2015年12月行IVF-ET且有剖宫产手术史的144例患者的助孕情况、妊娠及分娩结局,对照组为同期行IVF-ET且既往仅有阴道分娩史的166例患者。结果与对照组比较,剖宫产史组基础卵泡刺激素水平(b FSH)、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(h CG)注射日雌二醇(E2)水平、子宫内膜厚度、促性腺激素(Gn)用量、G n刺激时间,获卵率、受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、胚胎移植数、多胎妊娠率、流产率、异位妊娠率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);但剖宫产手术史组胚胎移植困难比例(6.25%)高于阴道分娩史组(0.00%),胚胎种植率(24.01%)及临床妊娠率(40.28%)明显低于阴道分娩史组(分别为34.98%和54.82%),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);剖宫产史组双胎妊娠者较对照组双胎妊娠发生前置胎盘、产后出血比例增加(P0.05);无论是剖宫产手术史组还是阴道分娩史组,双胎分娩较单胎分娩新生儿出生孕周、体质量明显降低(P0.01)。结论剖宫产手术史可能降低IVF-ET患者的胚胎种植率和临床妊娠率,增加胚胎移植难度。对疤痕子宫妇女应严格控制移植胚胎数目,妊娠后加强孕期监管。     

行体外受精-胚胎移植的40岁以上妇女妊娠结局分析

目的 探讨行体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)40岁以上妇女的结局及其影响因素.方法 采用回顾性分析方法,收集2001年3月至2006年3月于广东省妇幼保健院行IVF-ET治疗不孕症的40岁以上妇女82例,共93个周期,从中找出不同年龄妇女进行IVF-ET的临床结局及其影响因素.结果 82例患者共行93个超促排卵周期,其中取消周期11个,取消率11.83%;行新鲜胚胎移植74个周期,临床妊娠率25.68%,着床率10.87%,流产率36.4%;40岁、41岁、42岁、43岁及以上组临床妊娠率分别为32.14%、36.36%、25.00%和0;前3组的流产率分别为44.44%、25.00%和50.00%;与短方案组比较,长方案组促性腺激素(Gn)刺激时间、用量明显增多,获胚胎数和移植胚胎数更多(P＜0.05),但两组临床妊娠率、着床率和流产率差异并无显著意义;42岁及以下妇女当获卵数超过4个,妊娠率明显增加.结论 40岁以上妇女行IVF-ET妊娠率和着床率均明显降低,并且流产率升高.对于40岁以上妇女,一定数量的卵子可能提高IVF成功率.     

Psychological studies of in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer participants

During the last decade, reproductive endocrinology has provided new technologies for treatment of infertilityone of which is in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF/ET). The use of this technology has been accompanied by considerable interest in understanding the psychology of those seeking IVF/ET and in understanding psychological reactions during and after IVF/ET. This paper reviews the psychological research within the IVF/ET literature as divided into three major areas: first, psychological profiles of women and their partners requesting IVF/ET; second, clinical reports which describe the psychological experience of IVF/ET and provide recommendations for counseling both before and during IVF/ET; and third, follow-up studies of IVF/ET participants. This paper is designed to highlight initial findings in these three areas of research and thus provide a context for future research directions. Specific suggestions for future study include redirecting research effort from investigations of psychopathology to detecting stress which may affect IVF/ET outcome.     

Limiting multiple pregnancy in in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles

Purpose: Our purpose was to assess how the number of embryos transferred can be adjusted to limit multiple gestations. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 535 consecutive embryo transfers for the years 1991–1993 was conducted. Results: Fewer than three embryos were associated with a low pregnancy rate. Pregnancy rates were highest in women less than 35 when four or more embryos were transferred. With four or more embryos, multiple gestation pregnancy correlated with the number of high-quality embryos transferred. The risk of triplets and quadruplets was greatest for women less than 40. Conclusions: Multiple-embryo transfer carries a risk of plural gestation. The risk of multiple pregnancy cannot be eliminated without decreasing the pregnancy rate. The risk of high-order multiple pregnancy was best correlated with the number of good-quality embryos transferred. While all are at risk, patients younger than 40 were at highest risk.     

体外受精 - 胚胎移植后异位妊娠的危险因素、诊断及治疗

目的　探讨体外受精 -胚胎移植 (IVF-ET)后异位妊娠 (EP)的危险因素、诊断及治疗方法。方法　对我院 1992年 10月～ 2 0 0 2年 6月接受体外受精-胚胎移植治疗 (包括单精子胞浆内注射 ,ICSI)后 82 1例临床妊娠中 38例异位妊娠进行回顾性分析。结果　IVF -ET后异位妊娠的发生率 4 6 % ,多胚胎不同部位妊娠(HP)的发生率 0 6 %。异位妊娠组取卵数明显多于对照组。单因素分析发现异位妊娠史、盆腔炎性疾病 (PID)史是IVF-ET后异位妊娠的危险因素。结论　盆腔炎性疾病史、异位妊娠史是IVF -ET后异位妊娠的高危因素。胚胎移植后妇女激素水平可能与异位妊娠的发生相关 ,但需进一步的研究证实。早期诊断和微创性治疗 ,减少异位妊娠的并发症和死亡率