血清胰岛素样生长因子及其结合蛋白诊断儿童生长激素缺乏症的价值

为了解血清胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF－1），胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白－3（IGFBP－3）浓度与生长激素缺乏症（GHD）患儿生长激素（GH）激发试验中血清生长激素峰值的关系，以确定血清IGF－1，IGFBP－3浓度诊断GHD的价值，为其代替GH激发试验提供依据，选择GHD患儿62例（男39例，女23例）为GHD组，60例健康儿童（男38例，女22例）为对照组。分别用放射免疫分析（RIA）法，免疫放射分析（IRMA）法检测GHD组血清IGF－1，IGFBP－3浓度，同时被GH激发试验，测定血清GH峰值，并比较其与IGF－1，IGFBP－3的关系，测定对照组血清IGF－1，IGFBP－3。结果显示，GHD组血清IGF－1，IGFBP－3均显著低于对照组（t分别为3.116,11.579,p均＜0．01）；GHD组血清IGF－1，IGFBP－3浓度与GH激发试验中的GH峰值呈显著正相关（r分别为。331，0。347，P均＜0．01）；GHD组血清IGF－1，IGFBP－3降低的阳笥率分别为97．58％，98．38％，与激发试验的阳性率（100％），比较无统计学意义（x^2分别为.3074,2.033,P均＞0．05）。表明血清中IGF－1，IGFBP－3浓度检测对诊断GHD有重要价值，认为检测血清中IGF－1，IGFBP－3浓度可以替代GH激发试验。     

生长激素抵抗和肝硬化

近年来研究发现肝硬化者血清生长激素（GH）水平升高,胰岛素样生长因子（IGF－1）和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白－3（IGFBP－3）水平下降,称之为生长激素抵抗,本文就GH换抗产生机制,克服GH抵抗用于肝硬化治疗的研究进展作一综述。     

新发病1型糖尿病儿童血生长激素、胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)Ⅰ和IGF结合蛋白3水平的变化

在新发病的1型糖尿病患儿和正常对照儿童测定血GH，胰岛素样生长因子（IGF），IGF结合蛋白（IGFBP）3的水平。结果显示新发病的1型糖尿病患儿可乐定刺激的生长激素分泌，血IGF，IGFBP-3水平低于正常对照儿童。     

老年2型糖尿病GH-IGF轴的变化及与脂质代谢关系

目的观察老年2型糖尿病患者生长激素胰岛素样生长因子(GHIGF)轴的变化,并探讨老年2型糖尿病患者胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(IGFⅠ),胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白1(IGFBP1),胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3(IGFBP3)与大血管病危险因素糖、脂质代谢紊乱的关系。方法检测35例老年2型糖尿病患者(其中19例伴大血管病变,16例不伴大血管病变)的血清生长激素(GH),IGFⅠ,IGFBP1,IGFBP3,并与18名健康的老年人作对照。同时还进行了IGFⅠ、IGFBP1、IGFBP3与总胆固醇(TC),甘油三酯(TG),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC),糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)之间的相关关系的分析。结果(1)老年2型糖尿病伴大血管病变患者的IGFⅠ的水平显著低于对照组和不伴大血管病变患者(P<0.05),而血清GH、IGFBP1的水平显著的高于对照组和不伴大血管病变的患者(P>0.05),TGFBP3的水平3组之间无差异(P>0.05);(2)相关关系分析结果表明,老年2型糖尿病患者IGFⅠ的水平与HDLC呈正相关关系(P<0.05),与HbA1c呈负相关关系,而IGFBP1与TG、HbA1c呈正相关关系,与HDLC呈负相关关系(P<0.05)。结论老年2型糖尿病患者存在CHIGF轴的紊乱,且此紊乱与脂质代谢的紊乱相关。     

锌对胎儿生长发育影响的临床研究

为探讨锌与胎儿生长发育的关系,将66例新生儿按出生体重分为小于胎龄儿组（SGA组,出生体重小于同胎龄正常标准体重的第10百分位）及适于胎龄儿组（AGA组,出生体重在同胎龄正常标准体重的第10－90百分位）,分别测定两组脐血中锌含量及胰岛素生长因子－1（IGF－1）,胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白－3（IGFBP－3）水平。结果显示,SGA组脐血锌含量及IGF－1、IGFBP－3水平均显著降低,与AGA组比较有显著差异（P均＜0．01）;锌浓度随出生体重和胎龄的增加而增加（P均＜0．01）,与IGF－1,IGFBP－3水平呈正相关（P均＜0．01）。认为胎儿发育与体内锌含量密切相关,缺锌可导致胎儿宫内发育迟缓,胎儿母亲孕期应适量补锌。     

宫内发育迟缓与胰岛素样生长因子及其结合蛋白关系的研究

为探讨宫内发育迟缓（IUGR）的发生机制,检测了86例新生儿脐血胰岛素样生长因子－1（IGF－1）、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白－3（IGFBP－3）水平,并分析上述指标变化与胎儿期生长的关系。将86例新生儿分为两组,IUGR（即小于胎龄儿）组22例,适于胎龄儿（AGA）组64例,采用竞争性放射免疫分析法（RIA）测定两组脐血IGF－1水平,非竞争性免疫放射分析法（IRMA）测定IGFBP－3水平。结果显示,与AGA组相比,IUGR组脐血IGF－1和IGFBP－3水平显著降低（P＜0．001）;IGF－1水平随胎龄及出生体重增加而增加（P＜0．01）;IGFBP－3水平与胎龄及出生体重呈相关（P＜0．01）;IGF－1与IGFBP－3呈正相关（P＜0．01）。认为IUGR与IGF－1及其结合蛋白密切相关,不论何种原因引起的IUGR,其脐血IGF－1、IGFBP－3水平均低,IGF－1水平下降与IGFBP－3下降相伴随;脐血IGF－1、IGFBP－3水平与胎龄及出生体重呈正相关,随着胎龄的增加和出生体重的增长,IGF－1、IGFBP－3水平不断升高。     

老年肺部感染患者生长激素-胰岛素样生长因子轴的变化与蛋白代谢关系

目的　研究老年肺部感染患者生长激素胰岛素样生长因子轴(GH -IGF轴)的变化及其与蛋白代谢的关系。方法　检测2002-07~2003-01首都医科大学宣武医院老年科和急诊科的20例老年肺部感染患者的血清生长激素(GH)、胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(IGF -Ⅰ)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白1 (IGFBP -1 )、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3 (IGFBP -3)、总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白的质量浓度,并与老年正常对照组相比。结果　(1)肺部感染患者的血清IGF- Ⅰ质量浓度显著低于正常对照组(P<0 .05),而血清GH、IGFBP- 1质量浓度显著高于对照组(P<0 .05); (2)肺部感染患者的血清总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白的质量浓度显著低于正常对照组(P<0. 01); (3)血清GH、IGF -Ⅰ、IGFBP- 1、IGFBP -3与血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白之间呈相关关系。结论　老年肺部感染患者存在着GH -IGF轴的变化,此变化与蛋白代谢相关。     

IGF—I、IGFBP与肺癌

胰岛素样生长因子－I（IGF－I）具有类似胰岛素的代谢作用和促有丝分裂作用。IGF－I的生物学活性受胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白（IGFBP，包括IGFBP－1－6）的调节。近年的研究表明测量肺部各种标本的IGF－I、IGFBP的水平有助于肺癌的早期诊断、病理分期，IGF－I抑制剂和IGFBP－3，6增强剂可望成为肺癌的有用的治疗手段。     

血清IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-BP3及GH水平对急性白血病影响的研究

目的：揭示血清胰岛素样生长因子(IGF—Ⅰ)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3(IGF—BP3)、生长激素(GH)水平对急性白血病(AL)的发生、病情变化、治疗及预后分析的作用。方法：采用放射免疫分析法测定38例初治AL、l6例化疗后完全缓解(CR)的AL患者和l0例健康对照者血清IGF—Ⅰ、IGF—BP3、GH水平及外周血白细胞计数、原始细胞百分比和骨髓原始细胞百分比。结果：①治疗前急性非淋巴细胞白血病(ANNL)与急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患者血清IGF—Ⅰ水平均低于CR组与正常对照组(P＜0．05或P＜0．01)。②治疗前ANNL与ALL患者血清IGF—BP3水平均低于CR组与健康对照组(P＜0．05或P＜0．01)。③初治AL组、缓解组和健康对照组比较，血清GH水平差异无显著性意义(P＞0．05)。结论：血清IGF—Ⅰ、IGF—BP3、GH水平对急性白血病的发生、病情变化、治疗及预后分析有重要的临床意义。     

胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ与老年男性2型糖尿病患者骨密度变化的关系

目的　探讨胰岛素样生长因子 Ⅰ (IGF Ⅰ )与老年男性 2型糖尿病患者骨密度变化的关系。方法　选择 60岁以上男性 2型糖尿病患者 3 2例 ,用双能X线骨密度仪测量其骨密度(BMD) ,并测定血IGF Ⅰ及参与骨代谢有关的激素和生化指标 ,并与正常老年男性对照。结果　糖尿病组与对照组比较 ,BMD、IGF Ⅰ、血睾酮 (T)显著降低 ;生长激素 (GH )升高。IGF Ⅰ、T水平与BMD有显著相关性 (P <0 .0 5 )。糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白 (HbA1c)、T与血清IGF Ⅰ显著相关(P <0 .0 5 ) ;IGF Ⅰ (P <0 .0 1)、空腹C肽 (FCP) (P <0 .0 1)、T(P <0 .0 5 )与糖尿病组BMD均显著相关。结论　IGF Ⅰ的减少可能是 2型老年男性糖尿病患者合并骨质疏松的原因之一。     

Cytochrome 1A1 and 1B1 gene diversity in the Zanzibar islands

Amodiaquine (AQ) is a 4‐aminoquinoline widely used in the treatment of malaria as part of the artemisinin combination therapy (ACT). AQ is metabolised towards its main metabolite desethylamodiaquine mainly by cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8). CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 play a minor role in the metabolism but they seem to be significantly involved in the formation of the short‐lived quinine‐imine. To complete the genetic variation picture of the main genes involved in AQ metabolism in the Zanzibar population, previously characterised for CYP2C8, we analysed in this study CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 main genetic polymorphisms. The results obtained show a low frequency of the CYP1A1*2B/C allele (2.4%) and a high frequency of CYP1B1*6 (approximately 42%) followed by CYP1B1*2 (approximately 27%) in Zanzibar islands. Genotype data for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 show a low incidence of fast metabolisers, revealing a relatively safe genetic background in Zanzibar’s population regarding the appearance of adverse effects.     

血管生成素1和血栓调节蛋白1在STZ鼠肾脏中的表达及其意义

目的：探讨血管生成素1（angiopoietin-1,Ang-1）和血栓调节蛋白1（thrombomodulin-1,TM-1）在糖尿病鼠肾脏中的表达变化及其与肾脏微血管病变的关系. 方法：STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠肾病模型,设正常对照和模型组,于2、4、8、12、16、20、24周,采用免疫组化观察肾脏Ang-1和TM-1表达变化以及RT-PCR观察肾脏Ang-1mRNA表达,并行相关性分析. 结果：糖尿病组4和8周时肾脏Ang-1mRNA表达显著上调, 24周时明显低于对照组;糖尿病组4～24周免疫组化显示肾小球Ang-1着染均显著高于对照组,峰值在4～8周,12周后逐渐下调;糖尿病组2～20周肾小球TM-1明显增强;Ang-1和TM-1呈正相关. 结论：糖尿病肾脏存在Ang-1和TM-1的异常改变,表现为早中期表达上调,后期表达下调,并且这种改变可能与糖尿病肾脏新生血管的生成有关.     

1-Naphthyl isocyanate and 1-naphthylamine as metabolites of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate

Abstract: The importance of the bioactivation of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate was studied. Forty minutes after 1-naphthylisothiocyanate administration to rats, bile was collected over a 2.5-h period; the liver was then excised and homogenized. 1-naphthylisothiocyanate and its metabolites in bile and liver of rats were identified and quantified using coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Three main compounds were found in all 1-naphthylisothiocyanate-treated animals. They were identified as 1-naphthyl isocyanate, 1-naphthylamine and the parent compound, 1-naphthylisothiocyanate. When rats were given cycloheximide, which attenuates 1-naphthylisothiocyanate toxicity, 30 min before 1-naphthylisothiocyanate (300 mg/kg), 1-naphthyl isocyanate concentration was significantly lower than in rats receiving only 1-naphthylisothiocyanate. The appearance of 1-naphthylamine was also inhibited by cycloheximide, although not to the same extent as 1-naphthyl isocyanate. On the other hand, phenobarbital, which potentiates 1-naphthylisothiocyanate hepatotoxicity, enhanced 1-naphthyl isocyanate and 1-naphthylamine formation. It is suggested that 1-naphthyl isocyanate, 1-naphthylamine and the highly reactive sulfur released from 1-naphthylisothiocyanate might be involved in the hepatotoxic effect of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate.     

Link between colorectal cancer and polymorphisms in the uridine-diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase 1A7 and 1A1 genes

AIM: To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the uridine-diphosphoglucurono-syltransferase (UGT) UGT1A7 and UGT1A1 genes and patients suffering from colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: A case-control study was designed in order to investigate the genotypes of the UGT1A7 and UGT1A1 genes, which were identified by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method, for 268 CRC patients and 441 healthy controls. RESULTS: The results of simple logistical regressions revealed odds ratios (ORs) of 1.97 (P<0.001),1.91 (P<0.001),and 2.03 (P<0.001) for patients who carried the UGT1A7*1/*3 genotype,UGT1A7*3 allele,and variant-211 UGT1A1 allele.The interaction of UGT1A7*3 allele and variant-211 UGT1A1 allele produced an additive effect on the risk for the development of CRC [observed OR (2.34) greater than expected OR (1.59)]. For the 268 patients, the results of simple logistical regressions indicated that the OR of developing metastases was 4.90 (P<0.001) and 4.89 (P<0.001) for the individuals possessing UGT1A7*3 allele and variant-211 UGT1A1 allele, respectively. The results of multivariate logistical regressions confirmed these findings (OR = 2.51, P= 0.01; and OR=2.71,P=0.01,respectively).The interaction of these two variants resulted in an additive effect on the risk for metastases amongst patients [observed OR (6.83) greater than expected OR (4.56)]. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, carriage of the UGT1A7*3 allele, as well as variant-211 UGT1A1 allele represents a risk factor for the development of, and a determinant for, metastases associated with CRC patients.     

谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶M1和T1空白基因型与肝癌遗传易感性的研究

目的谷胱甘肽－Ｓ－转移酶Ｍ１和Ｔ１（ＧＳＴＭ１和ＧＳＴＴ１）空白基因型与肝癌遗传易感性的关系。方法应用多重ＰＣＲ技术检测６３例肝癌患者和８８例健康对照的ＧＳＴＭ１和ＧＳＴＴ１空白基因型。结果病例组ＧＳＴＭ１空白基因型的频率为５７．１％，对照组则为４２．０％，二者差异无显著性（χ２＝３．３５，Ｐ＝０．０６７），处于临界水平。ＯＲ值为１．８４（９５％ＣＩ＝０．９１～３．７３）。病例组ＧＳＴＴ１非空白基因型的频率为８７．３％，对照组则为６２．５％，二者差异有非常显著性（χ２＝１１．４２，Ｐ＝０．０００７２７４），ＯＲ值为４．１３（９５％ＣＩ＝１．６４～１０．７０）。叉生分析表明，ＧＳＴＴ１非空白基因型与肝癌的关联大于ＧＳＴＭ１空白基因型，两因素在肝癌发生中存在协同作用。结论具有ＧＳＴＭ１空白基因型和ＧＳＴＴ１非空白基因型的个体，患肝癌的危险性增加。     

Role of CYP2D6, CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GSTT1, and GSTM1 genes in the susceptibility to acute leukemias

Acute leukemias (ALs) are heterogeneous diseases. Functional polymorphisms in the genes encoding detoxification enzymes cause inter-individual differences, which contribute to leukemia susceptibility. The CYP2D6, CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GSTT1, and GSTM1 polymorphisms in ALL (n = 156) and AML (n = 94) patients and 140 healthy controls were genotyped by PCR and/or PCR-RFLP using blood or bone marrow samples. No association was observed between the GSTT1 gene deletion and patients (OR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.4-1.7 for AMLs and OR = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.5-1.6 for ALLs). Patients with ALL and AML had a higher prevalence of the GSTM1 deletions compared to controls but only the difference among adult AML patients (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.0-4.2) was statistically significant. The CYP2D6*3 variant allele frequency was lower in the overall acute leukemia patients (0.6%) compared to controls (P = 0.03). CYP2D6*1/*3 genotype frequency also showed a protective association in AML patients (OR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.01-1.7; P = 0.04). We also found a risk association for CYP2E1*5 in ALL and AML (OR = 3.6, 95% CI = 1.4-9.4 and OR = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.4-10.5, respectively). No association was found for the studied CYP2D6*4, CYP1A1*2A, and GSTT1"null" variants and the risk of acute leuke-mia (ALL or AML). This case-control study suggests a contribution of CYP2E1, CYP2D6, and GSTM1 "null" variants to the development of acute leukemias.     

Endoscopic resection for T1a-MM and T1b-SM1 squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

In Japan, the first paper on endoscopic resection (ER) for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus confined to the mucosa was reported as endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in 1988. Since publication of that article, ER has been recommended as the standard treatment for squamous and mucosal cancer of the esophagus. T1a-EP and T1a-LPM esophageal cancer seldom involves lymph node metastasis. However, in cases of T1a-MM and T1b-SM1 esophageal cancer with lymph node metastasis (10% to 30%), the indication of ER is limited. The risk factors for lymph node metastasis in T1a-MM and T1b-SM1 esophageal cancer were cleared by clinical and pathological studies. Endoscopic findings such as type 0–I or type 0–III, size of 50 mm or more, and pathological findings such as lymphatic permeation, venous permeation, poorly differentiated SCC and INFb or INFc were suggestive of high risk for lymph node metastasis. In addition, histopathological findings of small cancer nests, defined as “budding” or “droplet infiltration,” suggest frequent lymph node metastasis. In cases of T1a-MM and T1b-SM1 esophageal cancer with high risk of lymph node metastasis, adjuvant therapy including chemoradiotherapy and radical esophagectomy are recommended after ER. A recent advance in ER for esophageal cancer is the establishment of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). It has allowed us to perform an en-block resection of a large mucosal lesion of the esophagus and detailed histopathological examination. However, ESD requires more difficult manipulation than EMR. The indication of EMR or ESD is sought.     

HLA-DRB1、DQB1基因与汉族哮喘的相关性研究

探讨 HL A- DRB1、DQB1位点基因在中国汉族哮喘家系中与哮喘的相关性。用序列特异性引物 -聚合酶链反应 (PCR- SSP)方法 ,对 10 1例哮喘家系成员和 6 0例正常对照者进行了 HL A- DRB1、DQB1等位基因的分型 ,并分析了 DRB1、DQB1基因在两组中的分布。结果示 ,与正常对照组比较 ,哮喘患者组 DRB1* 15等位基因频率 (2 0 .93% )较正常对照组 (6 .6 7% )明显增高 (χ2 =10 .95 ,P<0 .0 5 ) ;DQB1* 0 6 0 1等位基因频率在哮喘患者组(31.4 0 % )较正常对照组 (7.5 % )明显增高 (χ2 =2 3.0 8,Pc<0 .0 1)。同时发现 HL A- DRB1* 0 7等位基因频率在对屋尘螨抗原皮试阳性家系成员中 (2 7.4 2 % )较家系中皮试阴性者 (5 .36 % )显著增高 (χ2 =10 .83,Pc<0 .0 5 )。HL A- DRB1* 15和 DQB1* 0 6 0 1可能是汉族哮喘的遗传等位易感基因 ,HL A- DRB1* 0 7在限定对屋尘螨抗原特异性 Ig E反应过程中起重要作用     

A comparative study of the expression of Wnt-1, WISP-1, survivin and cyclin-D1 in colorectal carcinoma

Background and aims It is well accepted that activation of Wnt signalling occurs in colorectal carcinoma (CRC), but the correlation amongst the various proteins involved in primary tumours are still unclear. The expression of the inducer of this pathway, Wnt-1, and the downstream effectors, WISP-1, cyclin-D1 and survivin proteins, was compared in a series of CRC tissues with the apparently normal adjacent tissues to determine the relationship of these proteins.Patients and methods Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of 47 CRCs surgically resected at the Kuala Lumpur Hospital (KLH) between 1999 and 2000 were used. Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies against cyclin-D1 and survivin and polyclonal antibodies against Wnt-1 and WISP-1 was performed. Results of immunohistochemistry were analysed for correlation between biomolecules and histopathological data of the patients.Results Of the 47 CRCs, 26 (55.3%), 15 (31.9%), 5 (10.6%) and 28 (59.6%) of the tumours exhibited positivity for Wnt-1, WISP-1, cyclin D1 and survivin, respectively. A lower percentage of the 40 apparently normal adjacent tissues were found to be positive for Wnt-1 (7, 17.5%), WISP-1 (±5, 12.5%) and survivin (13, 32.5%), but cyclin D1 was not detected in any of them. Interestingly, the total scores of Wnt-1, WISP-1 and survivin were significantly higher in CRC tissues (p=0.001, 0.034 and 0.044, respectively). Using the Spearman rank correlation test, a positive linear relationship was found between total Wnt-1 score with total WISP-1 score (rho=0.319, p=0.003) and total survivin score (rho=0.609, p=<0.001). The expression of WISP-1 in the CRC tissues was found to be positively correlated with patients older than 60 years old (p=0.011). In addition, nuclear cyclin-D1 expression was found to be associated with poorly differentiated CRC tissues (p<0.001, Table 5) and right-sided CRC tumour (p=0.019, Table 6). Total WISP-1 score was associated with well-differentiated CRC tissues (p=0.029).Conclusions Overexpression and interplay between Wnt-1, WISP-1, survivin and cyclin-D1 may play a role in tumorigenesis, possibly by promoting cell cycle checkpoint progression, accelerating cell growth and inhibiting apoptosis. Our data may provide useful information towards the search for potent therapeutic targets towards the development of novel treatment strategies for CRC.     

MChip, a low density microarray, differentiates among seasonal human H1N1, North American swine H1N1, and the 2009 pandemic H1N1

Please cite this paper as: Heil et al. (2010) MChip, a low density microarray, differentiates among seasonal human H1N1, North American swine H1N1, and the 2009 pandemic H1N1. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(6), 411–416. Background  The MChip uses data from the hybridization of amplified viral RNA to 15 distinct oligonucleotides that target the influenza A matrix (M) gene segment. An artificial neural network (ANN) automates the interpretation of subtle differences in fluorescence intensity patterns from the microarray. The complete process from clinical specimen to identification including amplification of viral RNA can be completed in <8 hours for under US$10. Objectives  The work presented here represents an effort to expand and test the capabilities of the MChip to differentiate influenza A/H1N1 of various species origin. Methods  The MChip ANN was trained to recognize fluorescence image patterns of a variety of known influenza A viruses, including examples of human H1N1, human H3N2, swine H1N1, 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1, and a wide variety of avian, equine, canine, and swine influenza viruses. Robustness of the MChip ANN was evaluated using 296 blinded isolates. Results  Training of the ANN was expanded by the addition of 71 well‐characterized influenza A isolates and yielded relatively high accuracy (little misclassification) in distinguishing unique H1N1 strains: nine human A/H1N1 (88·9% correct), 35 human A/H3N2 (97·1% correct), 31 North American swine A/H1N1 (80·6% correct), 14 2009 pandemic A/H1N1 (87·7% correct), and 23 negative samples (91·3% correct). Genetic diversity among the swine H1N1 isolates may have contributed to the lower success rate for these viruses. Conclusions  The current study demonstrates the MChip has the capability to differentiate the genetic variations among influenza viruses with appropriate ANN training. Further selective enrichment of the ANN will improve its ability to rapidly and reliably characterize influenza viruses of unknown origin.