乳腺肿块型癌与非肿块型癌的MRI、钼靶及超声差异分析

目的 分析乳腺肿块型癌与非肿块型癌的MRI、钼靶及超声差异.方法 选取70例乳腺癌患者,术前均进行MRI、钼靶、超声检查,术后进行病理组织检查.比较MRI、X线钼靶、超声三种检查方式的图像表现、对病灶的敏感性及与病理诊断的符合率.结果 3种检查方式对肿块、微小病灶的敏感性无显著差异(P>0.05).X线钼靶、超声检查对...     

Comparative value of aspiration cytology in the diagnostic evaluation of breast masses

For 38 consecutive patients presenting with breast masses we compared accuracy of diagnosis, before biopsy, of the techniques of clinical examination, bilateral xeromammography, and aspiration cytology with a 10-cc syringe and a 22-gauge needle. Of the 38 patients, nine had carcinoma and 29 had benign breast disease. The overall diagnostic accuracy showed a perfect correlation between aspiration cytology and subsequent biopsy for carcinoma in this group. Clinical impression made the correct diagnosis in 89.5% of the cases and bilateral xeromammography produced the correct diagnosis in 84.9%. Both clinical impression and mammography were incorrect in diagnosing 33.3% of the malignancies. The technique of cytologic aspiration is a simple, accurate, and effective adjunct to the early diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma of the breast, and this should become a part of the initial evaluation of the patient who presents with a breast mass.     

真空辅助旋切微创术对超声检查良性乳腺实性肿块的诊治价值

目的探讨真空辅助旋切微创手术对超声检查为良性乳腺实性肿块的诊治价值。方法收集2008年1月至2009年6月在本院乳腺病中心超声检查为乳腺影像报告和数据系统分级(Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System,BI-RADS)2、3、4级的良性乳腺实性肿块患者831例,所有患者行真空辅助旋切微创手术。对患者的超声检查、手术及病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果根据超声检查BI-RADS分级,2级167例、3级588例、4级76例。831例患者共检出肿块1383处,所有乳腺肿块均被准确、完全切除,全部患者切口隐蔽,乳房无变形,有较好的外观美观效果。831例患者中,良性病变822例,占所有病例的98.92%,乳腺癌9例占所有病例的1.08%,其中临床分期I期8例,Ⅱa期1例.418例不可扪及肿物患者中检出1例乳腺癌,占不可扪及患者的0.24%,占所有病例的0.12%(1/831)。413例可扪及肿物患者中检出8例乳腺癌,占可扪及患者的1.94%,占所有病例的0.96%(8/831)。588例BI-RADS3级病例中检查出3例乳腺癌,76例BI-RADS4级病例中检查出6例乳腺癌。结论真空辅助旋切微创手术诊治超声检查良性乳腺实性肿块不仅美容效果好,而且定位准确能全切除良性病变,更重要的是能检出临床上考虑良性肿块中的早期乳腺癌。     

乳腺肿物MRI检查的临床诊断及应用研究

目的：评价乳腺肿物ＭＲＩ检查的临床诊断应用价值。方法：对６３例乳腺肿物患者行乳腺ＭＲＩ平扫和增强扫描,并做Ｘ线、超声、红外线乳腺透明检查,所有患者均行手术治疗并取得病理结果。结果：ＭＲＩ检查明确诊断的６３例患者中,２例为乳腺外疾病,３种传统的影像学检查方法均将２例乳房部位的非乳腺疾病误诊为乳腺肿物。增强ＭＲＩ检查对乳腺良、恶性肿物诊断的敏感性、特异性、确诊率分别为９１．４％、９６．２％、９４．３％     

Further evaluation by ultrasound of mammographically determined breast dysplasia

Evaluation of 135 consecutive patients was made for breast masses by the same surgeon and the patients were subsequently referred for ultrasound mammography of the breast after xeromammography revealed a “dysplastic” (DY) pattern only, with no evidence of malignancy. Three patients had carcinoma of the breast detected by ultrasound mammography that had been missed by xeromammography. Two of the three cancers were similarly diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology. All patients with a normal ultrasound examination have now been followed for a minimum of 15 months without evidence of developing breast cancer. This study confirms the importance of using additional diagnostic modalities for evaluating patients with dysplastic breasts and strongly suggests the value of ultrasound mammography in this group of patients.     

超声、X线钼靶检查及两者联合应用对乳腺癌的诊断价值

目的：探讨超声、X线钼靶检查及两者联合检测在乳腺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法：318例（28—72岁）女性乳腺癌患者均经手术治疗并经病理学证实,其中99例术前仅行超声检查,113例术前仅行X线钼靶摄片检查,106例术前采用超声和X线钼靶摄片两项检查。结果：单纯超声检查乳腺癌阳性诊断符合率为87．88％,单纯X线钼靶检查阳性诊断符合率为85．84％,两者无统计学差别（P〉0．05）。超声与X线钼靶联合检查乳腺癌阳性诊断符合率为96．23％,与单纯行超声和X线钼靶检查比较,有统计学差别（P〈0．05）。结论：超声检查和X线钼靶摄片检查各有优势,联合应用能明显提高乳腺癌的阳性诊断符合率。     

超声引导下穿刺活检对BI-RADS分级4A至4C乳腺肿物诊断的价值

  目的  探讨超声引导下穿刺活检（ultrasound guided-core needle biopsy,US-CNB）在乳腺癌定性诊断中的临床应用价值。  方法  选取2015年3月至2015年10月355例就诊天津医科大学肿瘤医院经乳腺超声检查结果为BI-RADS分级4A~4C的单发肿物患者资料,入选患者均行US-CNB,并与术后病理结果对照。  结果  355例乳腺肿物患者的US-CNB病理结果中235例恶性肿物的术后病理均为乳腺癌,120例良性肿物患者中41例术后病理为乳腺癌。US-CNB在BI-RADS分级4A~4C患者中诊断乳腺癌的特异度均为100%,灵敏度分别为62.50%、82.46%、89.73%,准确率分别为84.62%、87.01%、90.74%。41例US-CNB假阴性患者的术后病理为14例导管内癌、5例导管内乳头状癌、3例黏液腺癌、19例浸润性导管癌。  结论  US-CNB对BI-RADS分级4B~4C乳腺肿物的定性诊断是一种安全、可靠且较为准确的检查方法,但对于4A患者灵敏度较低,需慎重选择并结合钼靶、MRI等检查。超声诊断提示导管内乳头状肿瘤,不建议行US-CNB。      

BreastLight Apparatus Performance in Detection of Breast Masses Depends on Mass Size

Background: Accurate measurement of breast mass size is fundamental for treatment planning. Weevaluated performance of BreastLight apparatus in detection breast of masses with this in mind. Materials andMethods: From July 2011 to September 2013, a total of 500 women referred to mammography unit in Yazd,Iran for screening were recruited to this study. Performance of BreastLight in detection breast masses regardtheir sizeing, measured with clinical breast examination (CBE), mammography and sonography, was assessed.Sonographic and mammography examinations were performed according to breast density among women intwo groups of women younger (n=105) and older (n=395) than 30 years. Size correlations were performed usingSpearman rho analysis. Differences between mass size as assessed with the different methods (mammography,sonography, and clinical examination) and the BreastLight detection were analyzed using Χ2-trend test.Results: Performance of the BreastLight in detection of lesions smaller than or equal to 1 cm assessed by CBE,mammography and sonography was 4.4%,7.7% and 12.5% and for masses larger than 4 cm was 65%, 100%and 57.1%, respectively. The performance of BreastLight in detection was significantly increased with largermasses (p<0.001). Conclusions: We conclude that clinical measurement of breast cancer size is as accurate as thatfrom mammography or ultrasound. Accuracy can be improved by the use of a simple formula of both clinicaland mammographic measurements.     

乳腺可视化触诊成像系统对乳腺癌的诊断价值

目的探讨乳腺可视化触诊成像系统（Sure-Touch）诊断乳腺癌的价值。方法对在湘雅医院乳腺科初诊的111例乳腺肿物患者,分别独立行Sure-Touch、B型超声、钼靶X线检查,后全部病例经病理确诊恶性64例,良性47例。比较三种检查方法的差异。结果Sure-Touch对乳腺肿块诊断的敏感度、特异性、准确率分别为87.5%、83.0%、85.6%,其诊断的准确率与B型超声（81.1%）比较,差异无统计学意义。三种检查方法对乳腺癌患者的检查结果比较,差异无统计学意义。Sure-Touch联合B型超声或Sure-Touch联合钼靶对乳腺癌诊断的敏感度显著高于单一方法。结论Sure-Touch联合B型超声或Sure-Touch联合钼靶的联合诊断,可进一步提高乳腺癌的影像诊断符合率。     

68例超声检查假阴性乳腺癌的特征分析

目的分析超声检查为假阴性的乳腺癌患者临床病理特征,探讨降低该类乳腺癌漏诊率的措施。方法依据纳入、排除标准,选取2011年1月至2016年6月甘肃省肿瘤医院诊治的68例超声检查为假阴性的乳腺癌患者进行回顾性研究。分析其临床病理学因素(超声血流类型、超声血流Adler分级等)与超声BI-RADS分类的关系,以及乳腺钼靶X线BI-RADS分类与超声BI-RADS分类间的关系。单向有序或双向有序等级资料的比较均采用Kruskal-Wallis H法,组间两两比较采用Bonferroni-Dunn法。结果在超声血流为周边型、穿入型、内部型及无血流型的患者中,其BI-RADS分级为1、2、3级者分别2、5、14例,0、1、7例,1、2、13例以及4、12、7例,并且,在超声血流Adler 0、1、2级患者中,其BI-RADS分级1、2、3级者分别为2、12、7例,3、7、26例以及2、1、8例。不同超声血流类型、不同超声血流Adler分级患者间相比,超声漏诊的乳腺癌BI-RADS分类的差异均有统计学意义(χ²=14.756、6.829,P=0.002、0.033)。不同钼靶X线BI-RADS分类的患者相比,超声BI-RADS分类的差异具有统计学意义(χ²=9.574,P=0.023)。增加钼靶X线检查,提高了BI-RADS 4类患者17例,有效减少漏诊机会近四分之一;超声漏诊的乳腺癌绝大多数为早期患者(Tis期、T1mic期分别为22例和14例);其次是T1c和T2期患者,分别为17例和6例。结论病期早、病灶小、病理类型特殊、血流特征不典型是此类乳腺癌超声漏诊的主要因素,增加钼靶X线检查可以提高其诊断准确性,但仍有一定局限性。     

What ultrasonography can tell in breast masses that mammography and physical examination cannot

The capability of ultrasonography to provide additional information to the physical and mammographic examination for therapeutic decision was investigated in a prospective study. Four hundred patients with palpable or radiologic breast masses requiring surgical biopsy were studied. The high resolution and accuracy of ultrasonography vs. mammography in the diagnosis of cystic masses (96%, 63/66 vs. 42%, 20/48) (p less than 0.001) and fibrocystic masses (84%, 131/156 vs. 74%, 80/108) (p less than 0.10), led to a substantial reduction of surgical biopsies in favor of aspiration or follow-up policy, particularly when physical examination and mammography were inconclusive. Breast cancers were accurately diagnosed in 73% (88/120) by sonography and 84% (98/116) by mammography (p greater than 0.10). The major limitation of ultrasonography was noticed in the diagnosis of minimal breast cancer (23%, 5/21) due to its inability to visualize microcalcifications. Our study validates the importance of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and therapeutic decision of cystic and fibrocystic masses but cannot substitute mammography in early detection of breast carcinoma.     

超声自动乳腺全容积成像与钼靶联合诊断乳腺肿瘤的价值

目的:评价超声自动乳腺全容积成像（ABVS）与钼靶X线对乳腺癌的诊断价值及其临床意义。方法:我院68例女性患者均经ABVS和钼靶X线检查证实存在乳腺肿块,其乳腺影像报告数据系统（BI-RADS）评估指标均在4到5级。经由手术或超声引导下穿刺活检取得标本,进行病理检查证实。其中乳腺癌62例;乳腺良性病变6例。将ABVS和钼靶X线检查的诊断资料进行数据收集并对比分析。结果:ABVS对乳腺癌的诊断准确率为86.76％;钼靶X线对乳腺癌的诊断准确率为76.47％;二者联合检查对乳腺癌的诊断准确率为91.18％。尽管使用ABVS检查对乳腺癌的诊断准确率稍高于钼靶X线,但二者差异无显著的统计学意义(P＞0.05),二者联合对乳腺癌的诊断准确率明显优于单纯采用ABVS或钼靶X线检查,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。59例乳腺癌患者中,有48例在ABVS冠状切面上存在“火山口”征(81％)。结论:在乳腺癌的诊断过程中ABVS和钼靶X线各有其优势,若两种检查联合应用可提高其检出率和诊断准确率。ABVS冠状切面上“火山口”征对诊断乳腺癌具有较高价值。     

40例早期乳腺癌的临床X线分析

目的：通过对早期乳腺癌X线征象的认识，提高早期乳腺癌的诊断水平。方法：经手术病理证实的40例早期乳腺癌术前均行临床查体、X线摄片。结果：全组22例表现为肿瘤结节，19例表现簇样钙化，11例表现小灶致密影，7例局部结构紊乱，2例单支导管扩张。结论：早期乳腺癌无论在临床表现、影像学检查均可出现不典型特征，诊断早期乳腺癌除了重视特征性征象如毛刺状结节、簇样钙化外，还应重视小灶致密影、局部结构紊乱、单支导管扩张等间接征象。乳腺X线摄片及临床查体是发现早期乳腺癌的重要手段。     

The role of Tc99m-sestamibi scintimammography in combination with the triple assessment of primary breast cancer.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate if Tc99m-sestamibi scintimammography in addition to the triple assessment consisting of clinical examination, mammography, breast ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA) enhances the diagnosis of breast cancer and helps in avoiding unnecessary operative biopsies. METHODS: Pre-operational scintimammography was performed within 2 weeks of operation to 46 consecutive patients with abnormal findings in clinical breast examination, mammography or ultrasonography. Three patients had abnormalities in both breasts. Histological diagnosis was obtained in all 49 cases. RESULTS: The histological diagnosis was benign in 18 (37%) cases and malignant in 31 (63%) cases. The overall sensitivity of scintimammography was 77% and the specificity was 61%. The sensitivity of scintimammography was 95% in invasive ductal carcinoma, 50% in invasive lobular carcinoma and 25% in ductal carcinoma in situ. Scintimammography showed 100% sensitivity in cases with invasive carcinoma, with highly suspicious findings for malignancy in the other examinations. The sensitivity was 63% in cases with indeterminate or contradictory findings in mammography, ultrasonography and FNA. CONCLUSIONS: Adding scintimammography to the triple assessment does not seem to be helpful in the diagnosis of breast abnormalities because of low sensitivity in malignant cases with a challenging diagnosis by mammography, ultrasonography and FNA, and because of low overall specificity. Copyright Harcourt Publishers Limited.     

MRI 在早期乳腺癌诊断中的临床价值

目的：探讨磁共振动态扫描对乳腺癌诊断的临床价值。方法：对158例病例进行磁共振动态增强扫描（乳腺钼靶或乳腺超声发现肿块）。对穿刺活检证实乳腺癌的86例患者,回顾性分析磁共振波谱分析（MRS）及磁共振弹性成像（MRE）检查,并进行两者诊断准确性比较。结果：107例患者行磁共振动态增强扫描诊断乳腺癌,与手术或病理诊断的符合率为96．26％。MRS 和 MRE 两项检查对于早期乳腺癌诊断的准确性分别可达78．48％和81．65％。结论：磁共振动态扫描对乳腺癌的诊断及治疗具有重要价值。     

穿刺细胞学与B超相结合在诊断乳腺癌中的意义

目的探讨细针穿刺细胞学与B超相结合对乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法采用B超引导下定位穿刺吸取细胞学及单纯应用针吸细胞学两种方法，与肿物切除后组织学检查相对比进行分析。结果肿物切除后组织学检查诊断乳腺癌98例，假阴性11例，其中36例应用B超引导下定位穿刺吸取细胞学检查，假阴性2例；62例单纯应用针吸细胞学检查，假阴性9例，细胞学诊断准确率分别为94．4％和85．5％，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论细针穿刺细胞学检查具有安全、经济、方便、快速、痛苦小、准确率高的特点，结合B超引导下的定位穿刺更可获取足量的细胞成分，提高细胞学诊断正确率。对乳腺肿块尤其是对乳腺癌的筛选具有重要意义，可达到早期诊断和治疗目的。虽然乳腺的穿刺细胞学检查具有较高的可靠性，但仍存在一定的局限性和误诊率，需要组织学诊断解决。     

深度学习在联合超声和钼靶检查乳腺癌中的应用

目的:探讨深度学习在乳腺良恶性病变鉴别中的意义。方法:对100例乳腺疾病患者的X线钼靶及超声检查的数据用反向传播神经网络进行深度学习分析,随机选择50例样本作为训练样本,组成训练集,其余样本组成测试集。建立神经网络诊断模型,分析神经网络模型的诊断结果。结果:100例患者中,手术与病理证实乳腺恶性病变62例,乳腺良性肿瘤或肿瘤样病变38例,钼靶X线诊断的特异度、敏感度及诊断正确率分别为89.5%、87.1%和88.0%;B超诊断的特异度、敏感度及诊断正确率分别为86.8%、83.9%和85.0%。X线钼靶和B超无明显差异。而深度学习的神经网络的特异度为95.5％,敏感度为96.4％,总的正确率为96.0％,明显高于X线钼靶和B超,差异有高度统计学意义。结论:结合X线钼靶和B超检查的深度学习在判断乳腺良恶性病变性质方面有一定的应用价值。     

乳腺钼靶和超声诊断乳腺原位癌伴早期浸润的对照研究

目的：探讨乳腺钼靶和超声诊断乳腺原位癌伴早期浸润的影像学特点,方法：对比40例手术后病理证实的乳腺原位癌伴早期浸润患者的钼靶与超声诊断结果。结果：40例患者在乳腺钼靶摄片上有乳腺癌征象的28例（70.0％），表现为良性肿瘤征象的7例（17．5％），无肿瘤征象5例（12.5％）；在乳腺超声诊断中有乳腺癌表现的13例（32.5％），表现为良性肿瘤征象的10例（25.0％），无占位表现的17例（42.5％）。结论：在乳腺原位癌伴早期浸润诊断方面，乳腺钼靶诊断与病理诊断的符合率高于乳腺超声检查；两种检查综合诊断可减少此类早期乳腺癌的漏诊。     

彩色超声联合 X 线钼靶摄影在乳腺癌诊断中的价值

目的：研究彩色超声联合X线钼靶摄影在乳腺癌诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析270例乳腺癌患者的彩色超声、X线钼靶摄影以及二者联合的检查结果,并与术后或者是病理学分析结果进行对比。从阳性诊断符合率、乳腺类型、恶性肿瘤的肿块粒径、癌的类型4个方面的结果进行分析。结果单用彩色超声、单用X线钼靶摄影和彩色超声联合X线钼靶摄影的阳性诊断符合度分别为86．1％、87．9％和96．5％,单用彩色超声和单用X线钼靶摄影的阳性诊断符合度均明显低于彩色超声联合X线钼靶摄影,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;对于不同的乳腺类型,则单用彩色超声、单用X线钼靶摄影和彩色超声联合X线钼靶摄影的正确诊断率分别为72．2％、77．1％和91．1％,单用彩色超声、单用X线钼靶摄影的正确诊断率明显低于彩色超声联合X线钼靶摄影,差异具有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）;对于不同的肿块粒径,单用彩色超声、单用X线钼靶摄影和彩色超声联合X线钼靶摄影的正确诊断率分别为79．2％、74．4％、92．6％,彩色超声联合X线钼靶摄影诊断准确率明显高于单用彩色超声和单用X线钼靶摄影,差异具有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）;在不同类型的癌方面,单用彩色超声、单用X线钼靶摄影和彩色超声联合X线钼靶摄影的正确诊断率分别为77．2％、76．3％、93．1％,彩色超声联合X线钼靶摄影的准确率均明显高于单用彩色超声、单用X线钼靶摄影的诊断准确率,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论彩色超声和X线钼靶摄影在检查乳腺癌过程中,都具有各自的优势和劣势,二者联合之后能显著提高乳腺癌的诊断准确率,提高对乳腺肿瘤的早期发现率,具有较大实用价值。