毛发游离移植治疗唇裂修复术后上唇瘢痕

目的应用毛发游离移植胡须再造,治疗唇裂修复术后遗留的上唇瘢痕。方法切取枕部头皮,分割成含单一毛囊的皮条,供区缝合,应用崔式植毛器移植到上唇瘢痕。结果临床应用4例,单侧唇裂3例,双侧唇裂1例,移植毛发生长良好,效果满意。结论毛发游移植治疗唇裂修复术后上唇瘢痕是一种切实可行的方法。     

转移粘膜肌瓣加深前庭沟术式在单侧唇裂修复中的应用

目的:探讨一种转移健侧粘膜肌瓣加深前庭沟减少皮肤切口的术式在单侧唇裂修复中的临床效果。方法:利用裂隙健侧粘膜肌瓣加深前颌部前庭沟,达到延长健侧唇高恢复唇珠外形的目的,解剖复位口轮匝肌,矫正鼻唇畸形,减少皮肤切口及瘢痕。结果:采用该术式修复单侧唇裂44例,经1~2年随诊,患者唇部皮肤瘢痕不明显,唇弓唇珠外形满意,鼻小柱偏斜鼻翼外侧脚移位得到矫正,前颌部前庭沟深度增加。结论:该手术设计在单侧唇裂修复中值得推广。     

改良Millard术式矫正单侧唇裂继发畸形

目的:对Millard术式进行改进以常规用于矫正单侧唇裂继发畸形。方法:在矫治单侧唇裂继发畸形时,常规应用仿Millard术式,并结合上唇瘢痕组织瓣,对所有唇、鼻畸形进行解剖复位。结果:应用本法共矫治单侧唇裂继发畸形58例,皮瓣全部成活,矫治畸形效果良好。结论:根据唇裂继发畸形的特点改进Millard术式,形成了与唇裂修复术不同的唇裂继发畸形矫治术专用术式。     

应用瘢痕组织瓣修复单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形

目的：探讨上唇瘢痕组织瓣在单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形矫治术中的应用。方法：应用Millard术式原理，不切除上唇瘢痕，而是用以形成两型瘢痕组织瓣，用来矫治不同情况的鼻畸形。结果：1985年起应用本法共矫治单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形51例，皮瓣全部成活，效果良好。结论：本法增加了可供利用的组织量，适用于矫治可供利用的组织量不足时的单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形。     

双侧“V”形唇红瓣联合口轮匝肌成形术修复双侧唇裂术后凹陷畸形

目的探讨双侧唇裂修复术后继发红唇凹陷畸形的有效矫治方法。方法本组患者26例,均为双侧唇裂一期手术后。术中,首先切除原有瘢痕,解剖分离出两侧口轮匝肌,重建连续的口轮匝肌肌环;然后在双侧红唇瓣上分别设计＂Y＂型切口,三角瓣尖端朝向中线;最后将双侧＂V＂型三角黏膜瓣向中线推进交叉缝合,重建唇珠。结果 26例患者红唇口哨畸形均得以矫正,上唇人中得以延长。所有患者术后随访3个月至2.5年,效果良好。结论在口轮匝肌重建基础上,应用＂V＂型皮瓣推进交叉成形术,是种操作简单、效果良好的修复双侧唇裂术后继发红唇凹陷畸形的方法 。     

Basal Cell Carcinoma Arising in a Cleft Lip Repair Scar

BACKGROUND: A case of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) developing in the repair scar of a cleft lip is presented. OBJECTIVE: Primary BCCs arising in surgical scars are very rare and no known reported cases exist of a BCC developing in a surgically repaired cleft lip scar. METHODS: A 69-year-old white man presented with a 5 mm primary BCC on his upper lip at the site of his cleft lip repair scar. The diagnosis was made by a tangential biopsy that showed an ulcerated BCC. RESULTS: Review of the medical literature indicates that a scar may be an independent risk factor for developing BCC. CONCLUSION: BCC may rarely arise in a cleft lip repair scar.     

New Technique for Correction of the Microform Cleft Lip Using Trans/Intraoral Approach

The traditional method of treating microform cleft lip with nose deformity uses upper lip external incision, finally leading to a small scar on the upper lip. Hereafter, we present a new method for the correction of microform cleft lip using trans/intraoral approach. The new surgical technique is characterized as (1) using trans/intraoral approach and no incisions on the skin of the upper lip, (2) reconstruction of the “cross” muscular structure using the abnormal muscular insertions at the base of nasal columella and the nasal alar to restore nose deformity, and (3) repair of the lip deformity using two small Z-plasties to get the aesthetic and functional outcome. Thirty patients with microform cleft lip were repaired with our technique, and good functional and aesthetic results of repaired noses and upper lips were obtained in most cases.     

旋转推进法在单侧唇裂Ⅱ期整复中的应用

目的：探索单侧唇裂术后继发唇鼻畸形较好的治疗方法。方法：比较近年来治疗此病的各种不同手术方法之效果，重点观察旋转推进法（Mllard法）的疗效。结果：应用旋转推进法获得了是治疗结果，本法尤其适用于上唇有近似直线宽大瘢痕，患唇下降不足及唇红缘明显不齐者。结论：旋转推进法在单侧唇裂Ⅱ期整复中有较广的适应证，同时应注意治疗的整体效果。     

Straight line repair of unilateral cleft lip: new operative method based on 25 years experience.

The resultant scar in the primary repair of unilateral cleft lip should ideally be straight and the mirror image of the philtrum on the non-cleft side. In 1993, we reported a new operative technique for unilateral cleft lip, in which we designed a straight line for the incision on the white lip. In order to produce the nostril floor, we used the white lip tissue in the area between the alar base and alveolus at the cleft side as a flap. We also used a small triangular flap above the white skin roll to prevent Cupid's peak from being drawn up. Unlike the rotation-advancement method, our technique does not leave a transverse scar at the alar base. Instead, it leaves a scar only along the line coincident with the natural philtral ridge. However, during observations of our patients, we noticed that the small triangular flap designed to be 1.5mm tended to become a conspicuous angular scar as the patients grew older. In addition, drooping of Cupid's peak on the cleft side was often observed with this small triangular flap. To make it less conspicuous, we made some modifications to the small flap above the white skin roll. With this new technique, we designed a semi-circular flap (1.5 x 3mm) above the white skin roll, instead of the small triangular flap. The suture line of our refined procedure draws a gentle curve, which looks almost straight because of skin elasticity. Moreover, the semi-circular flap causes less drooping of the upper lip than the triangular flap. We believe that revising the shape of the small flap on the white skin roll greatly improves patients' appearance. In this report, we present our refined techniques of primary repair of unilateral cleft lip.     

完全性单侧唇裂鼻唇畸形的同期修复

目的 探讨完全性单侧唇裂鼻唇畸形同期修复的时机、手术方法及围手术期的序列治疗对手术效果的影响.方法 收集完全性单侧唇裂病例76例,手术年龄为3～12个月.手术方法采用鼻唇畸形同期修复方法,参考Salyer及Noordhoof法的手术原则,并根据具体情况灵活设计,配合术前、术后的序列治疗.结果 完全性单侧唇裂鼻唇畸形同期修复术后随访时间为3个月至20年.总体鼻唇形态恢复满意.其中,优秀39例(51.3%),满意33例(43.4%),不满意4例(5.3%).结论 早期鼻唇畸形同期修复,配合围手术期的序列治疗,以及整形外科或颌面外科医师纯熟的手术技巧,尽最大可能减少损伤和瘢痕,会达到理想的修复效果.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the influence of timing, operative method and perioperative sequence treatment on the therapeutic effect of one-staged correction of lip and nose deformities in complete unilateral cleft lip. Methods Seventy-six patients with unilateral complete cleft lip, aged from 3 to 12 months, underwent one-staged correction of lip and nose deformities, based on the Salyer, Noordhoof method. Sequence treatment was performed before and after operation. Results The patients were followed up for 3 months to 20 years with excellent results in 39 cases ( 51. 3% ) , good in 33 patients (43. 4% ) , unsatisfied in 4 patients( 5. 3% ). Conclusions Good results can be achieved when the onestaged correction of lip and nose deformities, combined with perioperative sequence treatment, is performed. The operative technique of plastic surgeon or maxillofacial surgeon is also important for less morbidity and scar.     

应用唇缘黏膜瓣修复单侧完全性唇裂的鼻底畸形

目的探讨在单侧完全性唇裂修复术中,既能减小鼻底张力,又简单易行,且能确保鼻底修复的方法。方法在唇缘设计两片黏膜瓣,以减小鼻底张力,同时闭合鼻底、口鼻前庭瘘。结果应用本方法治疗37例患儿,伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,瘢痕增生不明显,鼻底闭合良好,鼻底、鼻槛丰满。结论应用唇缘黏膜瓣修复鼻底,能有效治疗单侧完全性唇裂患者的鼻底畸形。     

应用假体矫正单侧唇裂术后鼻孔基底凹陷畸形

目的探讨矫正唇裂术后鼻孔基底凹陷畸形的方法。方法对24例患有唇裂术后鼻唇畸形的患者进行手术,切除上唇瘢痕,重建口轮匝肌,矫正红唇凹陷,提高患侧鼻翼,在患侧的梨状孔周围用膨体雕刻成预定的形状并进行填充。结果24例患者中,有2例因出现感染而取出假体,其余效果满意。结论对于错过了牙槽骨植骨仍存在鼻孔基底凹陷的患者,在矫正鼻唇畸形的同时,可采用膨体填充患侧鼻孔基底的凹陷。     

双侧唇裂继发畸形的修复

目的 探讨双侧辰裂继发畸形的解剖学修复。方法 基于对引起双侧唇裂继发畸形原因的分析和鼻之病理解剖结构的研究。我们采用埋没导引缝合针缝合法峄于引起畸形的主要因素;鼻翼软骨和两侧移位、鼻降肌挛缩、口轮匝肌移位、鼻孔底瘢痕挛缩等进行彻底松角忍气吞声,宾固准确地复位、固定,以恢复其正常的解剖关系。余均成功,随访1-4年效果满意。结论 该手术方法不仅简单省时,而且能达到畸形的解剖学修复。     

Nostril sill augmentation in secondary cleft lip

In most cases, after successful correction of primary cleft lip deformity, some problems remain to be solved. One of them is nostril sill depression, which should not be overlooked in cleft lip repair. However, there have been few reports on the anatomy of the depressed nostril sill and methods for augmenting the sill depression. The anatomy of the depressed nostril sill, its relationship to surrounding tissue, and the gross features of nostril sill depression in cleft lip deformity were reviewed, and a method in which a scar flap and a suture-fixation technique are used was developed for augmenting the depression. The clinical results of this method in 16 patients are presented.     

The V.L.S. classification for secondary deformities in the unilateral cleft lip.

A classification designed to be used as a simple and reproducible method to evaluate the residual lip deformities following unilateral cleft lip repair is presented. It was developed by analysing the appearance of the upper lips of 81 patients referred to the author with repaired unilateral clefts. The assessment of each lip was divided into 3 separate components: the vermilion (V), the lip itself (L), and the scar (S), and the resulting classification was termed the V.L.S. classification.     

唇裂的鼻小柱侧面皮瓣修复法

为唇裂患者塑造一个正常唇的美好形态,改进现在常用的手术对人中嵴,人中窝和朱缘弓这三种个重要美容结构的塑造中的缺欠,使修复后的嘎满,松动。方法在鼻小柱裂面形成一个矩形瓣,将其与人中一起垂直下降,被充裂侧唇人中的长度不 和保持朱缘弓在下降的正常位。     

Correction of cleft lip nasal deformity in Orientals using a refined reverse-U incision and V-Y plasty.

A total of 45 patients with cleft lip nasal deformities were operated on between September 1997 and December 1999. We reviewed 35 of them. Out of these, 31 patients had unilateral cleft lip nasal deformities and four patients had bilateral cleft lip nasal deformities. The age range of the patients was from 3 years to 56 years. A reverse-U incision with V-Y plasty was used in 20 patients with mild to moderate unilateral cleft lip nasal deformities. An open rhinoplasty incision combined with the reverse-U incision and V-Y plasty was used in 11 patients with severe unilateral cleft lip nasal deformities. A bilateral reverse-U incision and a trans-columellar incision were used in the four patients with bilateral cleft lip nasal deformities. After advancement of the mucochondrial flap, alar transfixion sutures were used to ensure firm contact between the nasal skin and the redraped reverse-U flap. A composite graft for columellar lengthening was used in six cases of severe unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity and the four cases of bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity. Ancillary procedures included correction of a lateral displacement of the alar base, lip scar revision, a cartilage graft for tip augmentation, iliac bone grafting for correction of hypoplasia of the maxilla or for an alveolar cleft and corrective rhinoplasty. A self-made nasal retainer was applied for 6 months in all patients to maintain the corrected contour of the nostril. The follow-up period ranged from 11 months to 26 months, with an average of 18 months. The final results were evaluated based on the degree of symmetry of the nostrils, the redraping of the alar-columellar web and the exposure of the nostrils. Good results were obtained in 29 patients where alar-columellar web deformities were either absent or minimal and a satisfactory symmetry of the nostrils was achieved. Four patients had fair results and two patients had poor results. In conclusion, we suggest that the reverse-U incision with V-Y plasty is a useful method for achieving symmetry of the nostrils in cleft lip nasal deformities in Orientals. In addition, this technique provides ample advancement and repositioning of the mucochondrial flap and simultaneous correction of the nasal vestibular web.     

The influence of lip function on the sagittal and transversal development of the maxilla in cleft patients

Cleft patients who have undergone surgery often show considerable inhibition in the sagittal development of the mid-face after completed growth. This is partly attributed to scar contraction in the lip region following surgery. The present investigation deals with the etiological factors involved in the development disturbances caused by the cleft in the maxilla of 100 cleft patients. Particular attention was paid as to the unfavourable effect of the operated cleft lip. This was tested electromyographically and correlation between the electromyographic and the skeletal measurements was sought. Electromyographic changes in lip activity during orthodontic treatment was also investigated. The effect of these changes is discussed.     

The change in the appearance of the vermilion border region caused by the difference of the design in symmetric bilateral incomplete cleft lip repair.

In the widely performed methods for repair of bilateral cleft lips, such as Mulliken and Trott methods, the formation of the median tubercle is done with the mucocutaneous flaps from the lateral lips. By this manoeuver, a visible horizontal scar just above the white skin roll of the philtral region tends to result, especially among Asian patients. To avoid the formation of this visible scar, we changed our design in such a way that mucosal flaps, instead of mucocutaneous flaps, are elevated from the lateral lips, and the prolabial white skin roll is preserved to become the final philtral white skin roll. By this change in design, the horizontal scar is shifted to the inferior edge of the vermilion border. In the past 8 years, we have performed this refined method along with the conventional one. In the present study, the five cases of symmetric bilateral incomplete cleft lip from each of the two groups are evaluated: one group with the mucocutaneous flaps and the other with the mucosal flaps. From the review of the cases, it was noted that when the philtral region is formed with the mucocutaneous flaps, the horizontal scar tends to be visible. On the other hand, when it is formed with the mucosal flaps, the scar is less conspicuous, although the white skin roll sometimes becomes less-defined. The refined method involving mucosal flaps from the lateral lips produces a better-accepted appearance concerning the prolabial horizontal scar in the symmetric bilateral incomplete cleft lip repair.     

皮肤红唇复合瓣法修复单侧完全性唇裂的临床分析

目的 介绍应用皮肤红唇复合瓣法修复单侧完全性唇裂的手术方法,并对其临床效果进行分析.方法 在裂侧唇缘设计一皮肤红唇三角瓣,内旋推向健侧,再造唇珠;口轮匝肌、鼻小柱和鼻翼外侧角的松解、复位固定;鼻底构建与鼻堤形成等多种方法,于2008年4～12月,对45例单侧完全性唇裂患儿进行手术修复.结果 术后随访1～6个月,45例单侧完全性唇裂患儿术后双侧唇高、鼻翼和唇红对称,鼻堤和唇珠明显,无鼻底凹陷,效果满意.结论 皮肤红唇复合瓣法修复单侧完全性唇裂,具有设计简单易行,切除组织量较少,瘢痕小,唇珠外形佳等特点.