先天性心脏病患者儿血浆内皮素—1变化及其临床意义的研究

目的：研究先天性心脏病（CHD）患儿血浆内皮素－1（ET－1）浓度的变化,分析各种因素对ET－1浓度的影响,探讨CHD患儿血浆ET－1水平变化的机制和意义。方法：对照组：30例。观察组：97例CHD患儿,其中肺充血组69例,肺缺血组28例,肺充血伴肺动脉高压（肺高压,PH）50例,不伴PH19例。用放免法直接测定每例静脉血中ET－1含量。①左向右分流的CDH患儿血浆ET－1浓度明显增加,达正常对照约2．5倍,在PH形成之前ET－1浓度已经升高,达正常对照约1．5倍;②PH病人ET－1含量增高且随肺动脉压的升高而增高;③心脏扩大对血浆ET－1浓度无影响;④前列腺素E1（20－40ng.kg^-1.min^-1)可降低肺高压患儿血浆ET－1水平。结论：肺血流量增加是ET－1生成增多的主要原因：ET－1可引起肺高压,肺高压可促进ET－1的产生,PGE1可延缓PH的形成和发展。     

血浆内皮素-1与小儿室间隔缺损伴肺动脉高压的关系

研究血浆内皮素－1（ET－1）的浓度与小儿先天性室间隔缺损伴肺动脉高压的关系。42例小儿室间隔缺损心内直视修补术病例，围术期采用放射免疫法测定血浆EF－1。结果：血浆ET－1明显高于正常，而主动脉血样ET－1略高于肺动脉血样中ET－1。肺动脉高压组术前ET－1明显高于肺动脉压力正常组（P＜0．01）。逐步回归发现ET－1与肺循环流量和脉动脉压力呈线性相关。动态观察发现体外循环结束时ET－1较转流前升高，术后24h则降至低于术前水平。结论：结果表明在小儿室间隔缺损中ET－1与肺动脉高压的发生密切相关。     

先天性心脏病伴肺动脉高压患者血清一氧化氮及血浆内皮素水平的变化研究

目的探讨一氧化氮（NO）和血浆内皮素1（ET－1）在先天性心脏病（COHD）合并肺动脉高压中的作用及其临床意义。方法75例左向右分流型COHD患儿分为三组：其中无肺动脉高压组25例;轻度肺动脉高压组25例和中重度肺动脉高压组25例,正常对照组25例。采用放射免疫法和硝酸盐还原酶法测定血液中NO和ET－1含量,计算NO／ET—1比值。结果CHD组血浆ET－1水平（46．18±2．541pg／ml）高于对照组（25．75±3．87pg／ml）,P〈0．005;血清NO浓度（23．82±6．46μg／ml）低于对照组（37．27±2．47μg／ml）,P〈0．001;NO／ET—1的比值（0．68±0．39）明显低于对照组（1．18±2．80）,P〈0．001。CHD伴中重度肺动脉高压组的NO浓度低于轻度肺动脉高压组和无肺动脉高压组（P〈0．001）,肺动脉压力的程度和NO／ET—1的浓度呈负相关（r=-0．813,P〈0．001）。结论COHD患者血浆ET—1浓度的升高和NO浓度的降低及NO／ET-1比值降低,在肺动脉高压形成和发展中起到了重要的作用。     

先天性心脏病肺动脉高压患者心房钠尿肽及内皮素含量的临床观察

目的:观察先天性心脏病（先心）肺动脉高压（PH）患者心房钠尿肽（ANP）、内皮素（ET）含量变化，探讨其作用机理及临床价值。方法：82例先心患者以肺动脉压超过2kPa为PH组．小于2kPa为非肺动脉高压（Non－PH）组，另选择健康儿童为对照组。取外周血测ANP，取外周及心脏多部位血测ET。结果：（1）血浆ANP：PH组与Non－PH组、对照组有显著差别（P＜0．01）。（2）血浆ET：外周静脉、腔静脉、右心房、右心室、肺动脉、左心房等部位血浆ET水平PH组显著高于Non－PH组、对照组，其中左心房ET水平最高（P＜0，01）。结论：（1）先心PH使心房容量及压力负荷增加，促进ANP释放增加。PH时内源性ANP增多实为代偿机理。（2）ET在发病中有重要意义，对PH诊断有一定的临床价值。（3）ET可以引起ANP释放，再通过负反馈作用抑制ET效应，两者对心血管作用互为桔抗，互为制约。     

室间隔缺损并发肺动脉高压患儿手术前后血浆心钠素临床研究

目的:研究室间隔缺损(VSD)并发不同程度肺动脉高压(PH)患儿体外循环手术前后血浆心钠素(ANP)含量的变化。方法:对50例VSD患儿,其中并发肺动脉高压(肺动脉高压组)36例(轻度肺动脉高压17例,中度肺动脉高压12例,重度肺动脉高压7例);肺动脉压正常(非肺动脉高压组)14例,及30例1.5～14岁的健康儿童(对照组),采用放射免疫分析法检测体外循环手术前、术后1、2、3、5d血浆ANP浓度。结果:1VSD伴轻、中、重度PH患儿血浆ANP表达水平均高于VSD不伴PH组及对照组;血浆ANP浓度随肺动脉高压程度的加重而升高,与肺动脉收缩压呈正相关;2VSD伴轻、中、重度PH患儿术后第5天其血浆ANP表达均有下降,与术前相比差别具有显著性差异。结论:VSD伴肺血流量增加及肺动脉高压时,显示血浆ANP浓度升高,并可做为患儿手术效果评价的血清学指标。     

先心病伴肺动脉高压患者血清血管内皮生长因子浓度和肺小动脉形态变化

目的观测先天性心脏病（CHD）和肺动脉高压（PH）患者血浆中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的浓度变化,探讨其在CHD肺高压形成和发展中的作用机制。方法选择70例左向右分流CHD患者和20例非CHD患者分别作为CHD患病组及对照组。根据肺动脉压的不同,将CHD患者分为CHD不伴有PH组（25例）、轻度PH组（21例）、中重度PH组（24例）。用ELISA法测定各组血清中VEGF的浓度。做肺组织活检观察肺血管的病理改变。结果 CHD组血清VEGF水平（2.35±1.03pg/mL）明显高于对照组（1.89±0.25pg/mL,P〈0.05）;且VEGF的浓度随着肺动脉压力的升高而增加,CHD不伴有PH组（1.83±0.52pg/mL）、轻度PH组（2.62±0.79pg/mL）及中重度PH组（2.66±1.37pg/mL）VEGF浓度间有显著统计学差异（P〈0.01）。CHD组血管中膜厚度（mMTPA）较对照组明显增厚（29.45%±13.53%,9.74%±2.86%,P〈0.01）。VEGF的浓度与平均肺动脉压（MPAP）和肺小动脉中膜厚度呈正相关（r=0.380,P〈0.01;r=0.448,P〈0.05）;与血管壁面积/血管总面积（WA/TA）呈正相关（r=0.763,P〈0.01）和血管腔面积/血管总面积（EA/TA）呈负相关（r=-0.691,P〈0.01）。结论 VEGF参与和促进了CHD肺动脉高压的形成和发展。     

先天性心脏病患儿血浆内皮素-1变化及其临床意义的研究

目的研究先天性心脏病(CHD)患儿血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)浓度的变化,分析各种因素对ET-1浓度的影响,探讨CHD患儿血浆ET-1水平变化的机制和意义。方法对照组30例。观察组97例CHD患儿,其中肺充血组69例,肺缺血组28例;肺充血伴肺动脉高压(肺高压,PH)50例,不伴PHl9例。用放免法直接测定每例静脉血中ET-1含量。结果①左向右分流的CHD患儿血浆ET-1浓度明显增加,达正常对照约2.5倍,在PH形成之前ET-1浓度已经升高,达正常对照约1.5倍;②PH病人ET-l含量增高且随肺动脉压的升高而增高;③心脏扩大对血浆ET-1浓度无影响;④前列腺素E1(20～40ng·kg-1.min-1)可降低肺高压患儿血浆ET-1水平。结论肺血流量增加是ET-1生成增多的主要原因;ET-1可引起肺高压,肺高压可促进ET-1的产生,PGE1可延缓PH的形成和发展。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发肺动脉高压患者氧化型LDL＼内皮素及NO的表达及作用

目的探讨COPD并发肺动脉高压患者氧化型LDL（Ox－LDL）、内皮素（ET）及一氧化氮（NO）的表达及作用。方法选取54例COPD患者[其中25例并发肺动脉高压（A组）,29例未并发肺动脉高压（B组）]及同期健康体检者37例（对照组）,测定比较其Ox－LDL、NO、ET的水平。结果与对照组比较,COPD组（包括A、B组）血浆Ox－LDL和ET水平明显升高,NO水平明显降低,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。A组与B组比较,血浆Ox－LDL和ET水平明显升高,NO水平明显降低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈005）。B组患者Ox－LDL水平与ET水平呈正相关（均P〈0．05）,与NO水平呈负性相关（P〈0．05）,而且肺动脉高压的严重程度与血浆Ox－LDL水平呈正性相关（P〈0．05）。结论COPD并发肺动脉高压患者血浆Ox－LDL水平升高,导致血管内皮损伤,与肺动脉高压的发生、发展相关。     

氧疗对慢性低氧高二氧化碳性肺动脉高压大鼠肺血管重构及血浆内皮素的影响

目的：探讨长期氧疗对慢性低氧高二氧化碳性肺动物高压大鼠肺动脉压，肺血管重构及血浆内皮素变化的影响。方法：将SD大鼠分4组：正常对照组（NC），慢性低氧4w后伴高二氧化碳2w组（HH），HH后吸空气3w组（HC）与HH后氧疗3w组（HO）。观察各组大鼠平均肺动脉压（mPAP),右心室，左心室＋空间隔重量比（RV／LV＋S），血浆内皮素－1（ET－1）浓度及肺细小动脉显微结构变化。结果：（1）mPAP,RV/V S及血浆ET－1浓度：HO组比HC组明显降低（P＜0．01）。(2)mPAP与血浆ET－1呈良好的相关性。（3）光镜下HH组肺细小动脉内弹力板扭曲，中膜平滑肌细胞增生，管腔明显狭窄，HO组肺细小动脉内弹力板扭曲明显减轻，中膜平滑肌层变薄，管壁较均匀一致。结论：长期氧疗可明显降低慢性低氧高二氧化碳肺动脉高压大鼠血浆ET－1的浓度及肺动脉压，减轻肺血管的重构。     

先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压新生儿血ET-1、NO水平变化的研究

目的:探讨先天性心脏病新生儿血浆ET-1、血清NO浓度的变化以及与肺动脉压力间的关系.方法:选择健康新生儿30例为对照组,30例无肺动脉高压的CHD新生儿为无PH组,20例CHD合并轻度肺动脉高压患儿为轻度PH组.20例CHD合并中重度肺动脉高压新生儿为中重度PH组.采用放射免疫法测定血浆ET-1浓度、硝酸还原酶法测定...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.