自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗糖尿病足13例报告

目的 观察自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗糖尿病足(DF)的疗效。方法 2003年3～12月，应用自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗13例DF患者。男7例，女6例；平均年龄70岁；患肢共15条，左7条和右8条。手术首先抽取自体骨髓350ml，从中分离出单个核细胞悬浊液约40ml，行下肢缺血肌肉内局部注射。结果 小腿疼痛缓解率为100％，足部疼痛改善率为84．6％。保肢率为80％。冷、凉感觉改善率为100％。1例间歇性跛行患者的行走距离由术前的50m延长到120m。7例患者的8条下肢的动脉造影，显示均有新生侧枝血管形成。踝部经皮氧分压测定，10例患者的12条下肢均高于目前临床上截肢的最低临界值20mm Hg。结论 对由于下肢远端动脉流出道差或年老体弱或伴发其他疾病等不能接受搭桥术的患者，自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗DF是一种有效的方法。     

血管内超声消融术治疗糖尿病足的疗效观察

目的 研究应用超声消融术治疗糖尿病足(DF)的近期和远期疗效。方法 对66例DF患者进行下肢动脉造影，确定动脉闭塞的部位，采用经皮股动脉穿刺法或显露切开法插入超声消融导管，在血管造影监视下进行血管内超声消融。结果 经2周治疗61例手术获得成功，5例失败，有效率达92．4％。35例静息痛患者中29例缓解，29例足趾坏死中21例好转，长期随访10例发生股浅动脉再闭塞，远期有效率达83．3％。结论 超声消融可以确切改善下肢动脉供血，治疗DF。但如何保证长期疗效有待于进一步研究。     

动脉内膜剥脱自体干细胞移植治疗下肢动脉闭塞症的临床疗效观察

目的探讨患肢动脉内膜剥脱和(或)人工血管旁路术、自体骨髓干细胞动脉腔内及肌内移植对治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的临床价值。方法总结185例下肢动脉闭塞症的临床资料,回顾分析其病因、临床特点、诊断方法、治疗手段及治疗效果。结果 185例经闭塞段动脉内膜剥脱、自体干细胞腔内和肌内移植,术后随访3、6、12、18、24个月,肢体血液循环改善明显,临床症状缓解。结论下肢动脉硬化闭塞症采取闭塞段内膜剥脱和(或)人工血管旁路术,辅以自体骨髓干细胞动脉腔内和肌内移植可获较好疗效。     

糖尿病性下肢缺血的外科治疗

目的 探讨糖尿病下肢缺血的外科治疗方法。方法 78例2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者合并下肢动脉缺血的95条肢体进行了外科手术治疗，其中动脉旁路移植术76条下肢，占80％。主要方式为股动脉-腘动脉人工血管旁路移植-单支小腿动脉自体血管旁路移植术(23．2％)和腘动脉-小腿动脉旁路移植术(21．0％)；15例患者16条下肢截肢处理，占16．8％；自体骨髓干细胞移植3例3条患肢，占3．1％。结果 75例91条下肢的移植血管在出院时均保持通畅，通畅率为100％；3例(4条下肢)于术后死亡，围手术期病死率为3．8％，手术成功率为96．2％。术后踝肱指数(ABI)为0．86～1．12，平均0．94。自体骨髓干细胞移植的3例患者，均达到避免截肢或降低截肢平面的目的。出院时足部创面愈合率39．2％。结论 糖尿病性下肢缺血可以通过外科治疗，如下肢远端动脉旁路移植、腔内血管成型术、自体骨髓干细胞移植及适当平面的截肢等方法而获得较好的疗效，外科治疗不仅可以挽救肢体或降低截肢平面，而且可为足部创面的愈合提供较好的营养环境，有利于创面的愈合和提高生活质量。     

自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗糖尿病足(附3例报告)

对3例2型糖尿病伴糖尿病足（DF）患者采用自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗,先采集骨髓分离干细胞,再配成干细胞混悬液行小腿肌肉注射,共治疗患肢4条。治疗后,患者患肢发凉感、麻木、疼痛、间歇性跛行明显好转;1～2个月后踝肱指数明显升高,未出现并发症和不良反应。认为自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗DF简便、安全、有效;其作用机理、方法及疗效判定有待进一步研究。     

自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗肝硬化的护理体会

目的介绍自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗肝硬化患者的临床护理经验。方法 46例肝硬化患者接受自体骨髓干细胞肝内移植治疗,介绍在经肝动脉介入治疗前后的护理经验。结果本组患者在移植前Child-Pugh A级6例,B级26例,C级14例,移植3月后复查,患者肝功能Child-Pugh A级12例,B级22例,C级12例,较移植前明显改善。结论自体骨髓干细胞移植是治疗肝硬化的手段之一,通过恰当的护理措施可以减轻患者痛苦,促进康复。     

自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者41例临床分析

目的:观察经肝动脉行自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选择乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者41例,抽取自体骨髓200ml,体外分离纯化骨髓干细胞制成10ml细胞悬液,经肝动脉介入方法移植入肝脏,分别在移植后第2、4、8周复查肝脏功能,观察实验室指标、临床症状及不良反应。结果:移植后第4周和第8周,血清学指标如丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、白蛋白(Alb)、总胆红素(TBil)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、胆碱酯酶(Che)及甲胎蛋白(AFP)较术前均有明显增高或降低(P0.05);自体骨髓干细胞移植对乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者生存质量的影响:胸水减少6例,腹水减少13例,下肢浮肿减轻9例,食欲改善12例,乏力好转17例,腹胀减轻16例。有4例治疗3个月后因肝硬化并发症死亡。41例患者术中未发生严重并发症,近期无不良反应出现。结论:自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者临床疗效肯定,安全性良好,可作为中晚期肝硬化患者的临床治疗手段。     

糖尿病下肢缺血外科治疗方法的选择

糖尿病下肢缺血外科治疗有三种方法可供临床选择：第一是下肢动脉旁路移植术，创伤较大，对患者身体素质要求较高；第二是下肢动脉腔内介入治疗，是一种微创的方法，适应证较广；第三是自体干细胞移植，特别适应于体质差和无下肢动脉流出道或流出道差的患者。大动脉（腹主动脉、髂动脉）病变：血管腔内介入或动脉旁路移植或二者同时应用；中等动脉（股动脉、胭动脉）病变：介入或动脉旁路移植或二者同时应用，或者自体干细胞移植；小动脉（小腿动脉或足部动脉）病变：介入或动脉旁路移植或二者同时应用，或者自体干细胞移植。临床上应根据病变部位和患者具体情况选择合适的治疗方法。     

经肝动脉自体骨髓干细胞移植联合奥曲肽治疗肝硬化顽固性腹水14例

目的:研究经肝动脉自体骨髓干细胞移植联合奥曲肽治疗肝硬化顽固性腹水的临床疗效.方法:33例肝硬化顽固性腹水患者被随机分为两组,治疗组(14例)在常规治疗药物治疗上行经肝动脉自体骨髓干细胞移植后,再加用奥曲肽,对照组(19例)在常规治疗药物治疗上加奥曲肽.观察患者治疗后的腹围、食欲、尿量、双下肢浮肿、腹水消退情况及血清A...     

自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗肝衰竭的初步观察

目的观察自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗肝衰竭的初步疗效。方法 12例经常规内科综合治疗无明显效果的肝衰竭患者。在无菌条件下采集骨髓100～200ml,通过密度梯度离心分离纯化出骨髓干细胞,通过介入的方法经肝动脉注射入肝内,静脉输注肝细胞生长素1～2周。观察移植后1、2、3和6月患者症状、体征、肝脏生化和凝血酶原时间等的变化。结果 9例肝衰竭患者的症状、体征改善,白蛋白升高、胆红素降低,肝脏功能改善,所有患者未见明显副作用。结论自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗肝衰竭安全有效。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。