L—精氨酸对肾性高血压民肥厚大鼠左心室肌原癌基c—fos基因表达及 …

目的：探讨Ｌ－精氨酸对肾性高血压心肌肥厚大鼠左室肌原癌基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达及血浆ＮＯ含量的影响。方法：采用免疫组织化学方法测定左室肌原癌基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ蛋白表达,用比色法测定血浆一氧化氮含量。结果：通过８周治疗后,Ｌ－Ａｒｇ使高血压心肌原癌基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ蛋白表达,用比色法测定血浆一氧化氮含量。结果：通过８周治疗后,Ｌ－Ａ使高血压心肌肥厚大鼠ｃ－ｆｏｓ蛋白表达显著减少（Ｐ〈０．００５）,使血浆中ＮＯ含量     

L-精氨酸对肾性高血压心肌肥厚大鼠左心室肌原癌基c-fos蛋白表达及血浆NO含量的影响

目的:探讨L-精氨酸对肾性高血压心肌肥厚大鼠左室肌原癌基因c-fos表达及血浆NO含量的影响.方法:采用免疫组织化学方法测定左室肌原癌基因c-fos蛋白表达,用比色法测定血浆一氧化氮含量.结果:通过8周治疗后,L-Arg使高血压心肌肥厚大鼠c-fos蛋白表达显著减少(P<0.005),使血浆中NO含量显著升高(P<0.001)结论:L-Arg治疗高血压心肌肥厚大鼠能减轻c-fos表达和提高血浆中NO含量.     

高血压左心室肥厚与心肌原癌基因c-fos的表达

目的研究细胞核内原癌基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ在高血压左室肥厚（ＬＶＨ）发生、发展过程中的作用。方法采用两种高血压模型即自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）和两肾一夹型（２Ｋ１Ｃ）肾血管性高血压大鼠，观察在高血压所致ＬＶＨ的不同阶段，收缩压（ＳＢＰ）、左室重／体重比（ＬＶＷ／ＢＷ）及左心室ｃ－ｆｏｓ基因表达水平的变化。结果ＳＨＲ在８～１０周龄时已有明显的高血压和ＬＶＨ，其ＳＢＰ与ＬＶＷ／ＢＷ均显著高于对照的ＷＫＹ大鼠，左心室ｃ－ｆｏｓ基因表达水平与ＷＫＹ大鼠相比，差异无显著性，但二者均较高。２０～２２周龄与４０～４２周龄时，ＳＨＲ的ＳＢＰ、ＬＶＷ／ＢＷ及左室ｃ－ｆｏｓ基因表达水平明显高于对照组ＷＫＹ大鼠。２Ｋ１Ｃ大鼠左肾动脉缩窄１周后就有明显的ＬＶＨ，其ＬＶＷ／ＢＷ较假手术组大鼠显著升高（２．９０±０．１３ｖｓ２．５７±０．１５，Ｐ＜０．０５），同时伴左室ｃ－ｆｏｓ基因的高表达，至术后３周、１０周仍保持较高水平。钙拮抗剂尼群地平和血管紧张素ＡＴ１受体拮抗剂ｌｏｓａｒｔａｎ治疗１０周后均可使２Ｋ１Ｃ大鼠左室ｃ－ｆｏｓ基因表达水平降低。结论心肌原癌基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ的高表达可能参与高血压ＬＶＨ的发生、发展过程。     

胰岛素抵抗高血压大鼠血小板L—精氨酸／一氧化氮系统的改变

目的 观察胰岛素抵抗高血压大鼠血小板Ｌ－精氨酸／一氧化氮系统的改变。方法 自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）自第５周至第１０周喂信果糖,制备胰岛素抵抗高血压大鼠（ＩＲ）模型。在此模型上,检测血小板一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性、一氧化氮（ＮＯ）产生量及Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）转运特征,同时观察了血浆Ｌ－Ａｒｇ水平、心纳素（ＮＡＰ）、ＮＯ水平及ｃＧＭＰ水平。结果 ＳＨＲ大鼠收缩压（ＳＢＰ）（Ｐ〈０．０１）,血浆     

高血压病人血小板L—精氨酸／一氧化氮系统的改变

目的原发性高血压（ＥＨ）病人（２３例）与健康成年人（１４）例作对照，观察高血压时血小板（Ｐｔ）左旋精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）－一氧化氮（ＮＯ）系统的改变及Ｌ－Ａｒｇ转运的特征。方法微盘测定法测定血小板孵育液中亚硝酸盐（ＮＯ２－）的含量来反映ＮＯ产生量、ＡＤＰ刺激下ＮＯ的产生量；采用张新波等建立的一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）测定改良法测定血小板ＮＯＳ活性；放射性同位素标记测定血小板３Ｈ－Ｌ－Ａｒｇ转运的动力学特征。结果ＥＨ患者Ｐｔ的ＮＯ产生量及ＮＯＳ活性较对照组明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），用ＡＤＰ刺激后，ＥＨ患者Ｐｔ的ＮＯ增加量仅为正常对照组增加量的６０％，其Ｌ－Ａｒｇ转运能力亦显著低于正常人（各浓度点Ｐ均＜０．０１）。最大转运速率（Ｖｍａｘ）仅为正常人的７９％（Ｐ＜０．０１），而米氏常数（Ｋｍ）则无明显改变（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论高血压时Ｐｔ的Ｌ－Ａｒｇ－ＮＯ系统存在明显异常，提示对ＥＨ患者，在降压的同时，联合应用改善Ｌ－Ａｒｇ－ＮＯ系统的药物，对预防和治疗高血压减少并发症可能会有更好的效果。     

左旋精氨酸对家兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨左旋精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）对心肌缺血再灌注损伤（ＭＩＲＩ）的保护作用。方法制备家兔ＭＩＲＩ模型,观察Ｌ－Ａｒｇ对血清中和心肌组织中一氧化氮代谢产物（ＮＯＰ）含量、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）活性及心肌细胞形态学变化的影响。结果Ｌ－Ａｒｇ保护组和非保护组比较,血清及心肌ＮＯＰ明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）;心肌ＬＤＨ显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,而血清ＬＤＨ无明显变化;心肌细胞形态学异常改变明显减轻。结论Ｌ－Ａｒｇ通过提高机体一氧化氮水平而保护缺血再灌注损伤的心肌。     

同型半胱氨酸对正常人血小板L-精氨酸/一氧化氮途径的影响

目的通过观察同型半胱氨酸（Ｈｃｙ）对血小板Ｌ精氨酸（ＬＡｒｇ）／一氧化氮（ＮＯ）系统的影响,探讨Ｈｃｙ对血小板损伤的机制。方法健康成人６例,平均年龄（３３±７）岁。晨取静脉血,将每例血样分为对照组及加Ｈｃｙ组,分别测定血小板ＬＡｒｇ转运功能;同时将上述两组分别设立加乙酰胆碱（Ａｃｈ）与不加Ａｃｈ组,测定血小板ＮＯ合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性、ＮＯ生成量和ｃＧＭＰ含量。结果（１）在不同浓度的Ｌ－Ａｒｇ时,Ｈｃｙ组ＬＡｒｇ转运速率均低于对照组（Ｐ＜００１）。（２）在Ａｃｈ刺激下,ＮＯＳ活性明显提高,但Ｈｃｙ组提高的程度明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜００１）。（３）在Ａｃｈ刺激下,ＮＯ生成及ｃＧＭＰ含量明显提高（Ｐ＜００１）,但Ｈｃｙ组仍明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜００５）。结论Ｈｃｙ影响血小板功能可能与ＬＡｒｇ／ＮＯ系统改变有关。     

c—fos表达和调控在心血管系统调节和疾病中的意义

近年来人们发现原癌基因不仅与癌症的发生有关，而且在心血管系统的发病机制中也有作用，癌基因的异常表达可能是心肌肥厚、高血压和动脉粥样硬化的发病因素。本文主要阐述了原癌基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ的分子生物学，ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达产物的功能及其表达的调控，心血管系统调节肽对ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达的调节以及ｃ－ｆｏｓ与心血管系统疾病的关系。     

c－fos表达和调控在心血管系统调节和疾病中的意义

近年来人们发现原癌基因不仅与癌症的发生有关，而且在心血管系统的发病机制中也有作用，癌基因的异常表达可能是心肌肥厚、高血压和动脉粥样硬化的发病因素。本文主要阐述了原癌基因Ｃ－ｆｏｓ的分子生物学，ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达产物的功能及其表达的调控，心血管系统调节肽对ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达的调节以及ｃ－ｆｏｓ与心血管系统疾病的关系     

抑制NO合酶上调大鼠血管α1—肾上腺素受体和三磷酸肌醇受体

探讨ＮＯ系统和血管α１－肾上腺素受体α１－ＡＲ）及三磷酸肌醇受体（ＩＰ３Ｒ）系统在高血压发病中的相互作用。方法在常规饲食中加入Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ喂饲大鼠１或４周制备大鼠高血压模型；应用放射性配基结合实验观察α１－ＡＲ及ＩＰ３Ｒ的变化。结果应用Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ处理一周，大鼠动脉血压升高３０（２ｍｍＨｇ（Ｐ＜０．０５），血浆ＮＯｘ含量则下降２５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。主动脉肌膜α１－ＡＲ及肌浆网ＩＰ３Ｒ密度分别增加１２％和４０％。Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ处理４周，大鼠血压升高７５±８ｍｍＨｇ（Ｐ＜０．０１），血浆ＮＯｘ含量下降５０％（Ｐ＜０．０１），主动脉肌膜α１－ＡＲ及肌浆网ＩＰ３Ｒ密度分别较对照组高７３％和１３７％（Ｐ＜０．０１），此时尾动脉肌膜ＡＲ及肌浆网ＩＰ３Ｒ密度亦较对照组增加５５％和５６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论提示长期抑制ＮＯＳ引起大鼠持续性高血压的同时，可致大鼠血管α１－ＡＲ及ＩＰ３Ｒ明显上调。     

Research and Evaluation of the Influence of the Construction of the Gate and the Influence of the Piston Velocity on the Distribution of Gases into the Volume of the Casting

Distribution of gasses to the cast volume and volume of pores can be maintained within the acceptable limits by means of correct setting of technological parameters of casting and by selection of suitable structure and gating system arrangement. The main idea of this paper solves the issue of suitability of die casting adjustment—i.e., change of technological parameters or change of structural solution of the gating system—with regards to inner soundness of casts produced in die casting process. Parameters which were compared included height of a gate and velocity of a piston. The melt velocity in the gate was used as a correlating factor between the gate height and piston velocity. The evaluated parameter was gas entrapment in the cast at the end of the filling phase of die casting cycle and at the same time percentage of porosity in the samples taken from the main runner. On the basis of the performed experiments it was proved that the change of technological parameters, particularly of pressing velocity of the piston, directly influences distribution of gasses to the cast volume.     

县级以下综合医疗机构医务人员对现代结控知识的认识现状调查

目的本文旨在了解医务人员现代结控知识掌握的现状及培训效果?方法于培训前后进行问卷调查,内容包括:病例发现?结核病诊断及化疗?结果培训前疫情报告和转诊,回答正确者占75.2%?71.7%;对临床表现?查痰和诊断依据,回答正确者占83.5%?42.5%?40.8%;抗痨药物?用药方法?化疗原则?短化方案?短化疗程?治愈标准六项,回答正确者占58%?14.4%?20.8%?9.2%?17%?24.3%?培训后再次调查发现,90%以上医务人员对现代结控基本知识已掌握?结论各级医务人员现代结控知识是很贫乏的,因此,对其进行系统培训是极为必要的,此项工作省时?省力?投入少,可收到事半功倍的效果。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Pylorus preservation has been advocated to decrease the morbidity associated with the classical or standard pancreaticoduodenectomy. The proposed advantages are decreased incidence of peptic ulceration, dumping syndrome, and nutritional problems. However, after an initial period of enthusiasm for the procedure, it is now being found that marginal ulceration at the duodenojejunal anastomosis is encountered with increasing frequency. Delay in gastric emptying occurs frequently, with an overall incidence of 30%. With the availability of better pancreatic enzyme supplements, the current incidence of nutritional problems and weight loss after the standard Whipple procedure is unknown. Whether there is a difference in long-term survival after the two procedures performed for adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas is still debatable. A controlled trial is needed to answer many of these questions, and pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy should be used cautiously until further data become available.