硝苯地平控释片和依那普利缓释片治疗2型糖尿病并高血压的对照研究

目的:采用24小时动态血压监测方法对照评价硝苯地平控释片和依那普利缓释片的降压疗效及其对代谢指标及尿白蛋白的影响. 方法:60例2型糖尿病合并高血压患者随机分为治疗组30例给予硝苯地平控释片,剂量30 mg～90 mg一日一次,对照组30例服用依那普利缓释片,剂量10 mg～40 mg一日一次,治疗6周.治疗前后均查24小时动态血压、血糖、血脂、糖化血红蛋白、血尿酸、尿白蛋白指数. 结果:硝苯地平控释片和依那普利缓释片组均有降压作用,但硝苯地平控释片组较依那普利缓释片组能明显降低24hSBP、dSBP、夜间血压、血压负荷值(P＜0.05),其中血压负荷值降低更明显(P＜0.01);能明显恢复昼夜血压节律;具有高T/P比值;能明显降低尿白蛋白指数(P＜0.05);能降低血尿酸. 结论:硝苯地平控释片是2型糖尿病合并高血压患者的一种理想降压药物.     

硝苯地平控释片和依那普利缓释片治疗2型糖尿病并高血压的对照 …

目的：采用２４小时动态血压监测方法对照评价砂苯地平控释片和依那普利缓释片的降压疗效及其对代谢指标及尿白蛋白的影响。方法：６０例２型糖尿病合并高血压患者随机分为治疗组３０例给予硝苯地平控释片,剂量３０ｍｇ￣９０ｍｇ一日一次,对照组３０例服用依那普利缓释片,剂量１０ｍｇ￣４０ｍｇ一日一次,治疗６周。治疗前后均查２４小时动态血压、血糖、血脂、糖化血红蛋白、血尿酸、尿白蛋白指数。结果：硝苯地平控释片和依那     

依那普利和硝苯地平控释片对早期糖尿病肾病合并高血压的疗效比较

目的　观察依那普利和硝苯地平控释片对早期糖尿病肾病合并高血压患者血压及尿白蛋白排泄率 (UAER)的影响。方法　随机将 44例病人分为 2组 :依那普利组 (10 mg,2次 /d,2 2例 ) ;硝苯地平控释片组 (30 mg,1次 /d,2 2例 )。疗程 6个月 ,观察治疗前后血压及 UAER的变化。结果　两组治疗后均能明显降低血压 (P <0 .0 1)及 UAER,由 90 .2和 86 .0分别降至 6 7.4和70 .8,下降 2 9.1%和 2 3.5 % ,P值均 <0 .0 1,但两组比较差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 )。两组治疗后U AER下降幅度与收缩压、舒张压下降幅度之间比较无显著相关性 (P值均 >0 .0 5 )。结论　依那普利和硝苯地平控释片均能有效降低血压 ,减少尿蛋白的排泄 ,保护肾脏功能     

依那普利联用硝苯地平缓释片治疗2型糖尿病合并高血压36例

目的 观察依那普利与硝苯地平缓释片联用治疗2型糖尿病合并高血压的疗效.方法 将72例2型糖尿病合并高血压患者随机分为依那普利组(对照组)与依那普利联用硝苯地平缓释片组(治疗组).观察2个月,对服药前后的血压、血糖、血尿素氮、肌酐、尿微量白蛋白作对比分析.结果 治疗后两组血压较治疗前均下降,治疗组较对照组血压下降明显;两组治疗后血尿素氮、肌酐、尿微量白蛋白、血糖较治疗前下降.结论 两药联用能有效降压,并改善血糖、肾功能.     

苯磺酸氨氯地平对糖尿病并发高血压患者血压及蛋白尿的疗效观察

目的从降压质量和减少蛋白尿方面,观察苯磺酸氨氯地平和硝苯地平缓释片对糖尿病并发高血压患者的疗效。方法将40例糖尿病并发高血压患者随机分为观察组和对照组(各20例),所有患者受试前停用影响肾功能药物及其他降压药物2周。观察组患者在糖尿病对症治疗的基础上给予苯磺酸氨氯地平5mg/d,如果2周后血压仍未降至正常,则苯磺酸氨氯地平增加至10mg/d;对照组患者给予硝苯地平缓释片每次10mg,2次/日,如果2周后血压仍未降至正常,硝苯地平缓释片增加至每次20mg,2次/日。疗程均为12周。结果两组患者治疗前后收缩压、舒张压差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。观察组患者治疗前后24h尿白蛋白差异有统计学意义(P0.05);对照组患者治疗前后24h尿白蛋白差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论苯磺酸氨氯地平不仅能有效控制糖尿病并发高血压,而且还能减少24h尿白蛋白的排泄。     

硝苯地平和贝那普利对高血压患者肾脏功能的影响

目的探讨硝苯地平和贝那普利对高血压患者肾脏功能的影响。方法将90例高血压患者随机分成硝苯地平组、贝那普利组和联合治疗组各30例,硝苯地平组给予30 mg/d硝苯地平控释片口服,贝那普利组给予10 mg/d贝那普利片口服,联合治疗组给予30 mg/d硝苯地平控释片+10 mg/d贝那普利片口服,连续治疗12周。测定患者治疗前和治疗6周、12周末时的血压,24 h尿白蛋白、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)含量以及外周血中尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(SCr)水平。结果三组治疗后血压、SCr和BUN水平均显著降低(P均<0.05),但组间降压幅度无统计学差异(P>0.05)。24 h尿白蛋白和β2-MG均较治疗前显著降低,且联合治疗组较单药组下降幅度更明显(P均<0.05)。结论硝苯地平和贝那普利单独用于治疗高血压可减少尿白蛋白水平,保护肾脏功能,两药联合效果更佳。     

依那普利和硝苯地平控释片对早期糖尿病肾病合并高血压的疗效 …

目的 观察依那普利和硝苯地平控释片对早期糖尿病病肾病合并高血压患者血压及尿白蛋白排泄率（ＵＡＥＲ）的影响。方法 随机将４４例病人分为２组：依那普利组（１０ｍｇ，２次／ｄ，２２例）；硝苯地平控释片组（３０ｍｇ，１次／ｄ，２２例）。疗程６个月，观察治疗前后血压及ＵＡＥＲ的变化。结果 两组治疗后均能明显降低血压（Ｐ〈０．０１）及ＵＡＥＲ，由９０．２和８６．０分别降至６７．４和７０．８，下降２９．１％和２     

硝苯地平控释片治疗高血压伴高尿酸血症的临床观察

目的：观察硝苯地平控释片对魇发性高血压伴高尿酸血症患者的降压效果及血尿酸浓度的影响。方法：36例高血压病患者被给予硝苯地平控释片治疗，30mg/次，1次／日。8周为1疗程。分别记录治疗前、后血压，血尿酸浓度的数据，并予以统计分析。结果：治疗后收缩压及舒张压均有显著下降（P＜0.01)，血尿酸浓度略有下降（P＞0.05)。结论：硝苯地平控释片对高血压伴高尿酸血症患者的降压效果平稳可靠，且对血尿酸浓度无明显影响。     

厄贝沙坦/氢氯噻嗪对原发性高血压伴早期肾损害尿微量白蛋白和N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶的影响

目的探讨厄贝沙坦/氢氯噻嗪对原发性高血压伴早期肾损害患者尿微量白蛋白(mALB)、N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG酶)影响。方法将80例原发高血压(1～2级)伴早期肾损害患者按就诊顺序随机分为厄贝沙坦/氢氯噻嗪组40例和硝苯地平控释片组40例,均服药12周。观察两组用药前后血压、尿mALB、NAG酶、肾功能、血糖、血脂、血钾的变化。结果两组经12周治疗后血压均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.01),但两组治疗后血压比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组治疗前后肾功能、血糖、血脂、血钾比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组尿mALB、NAG酶均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),厄贝沙坦/氢氯噻嗪组明显优于硝苯地平控释片组(P<0.05)。结论厄贝沙坦/氢氯噻嗪具有良好的降压作用,同时能降低尿mALB、NAG酶的水平,改善肾功能。     

动态血压评价硝苯地平控释片联合氢氯噻嗪的作用

目的评价硝苯地平控释片联合氢氯噻嗪对高血压患者的稳定降压作用。方法选取2005年1月～2007年12月本院心内科原发性高血压病门诊患者162例,每日口服硝苯地平控释片30mg及氢氯噻嗪25mg,平均疗程8周,用药前及服药8周后复查动态血压,并行内生肌酐清除率、尿微量白蛋白、左心室舒张早期充盈峰值流速与心房收缩期充盈峰值流速之比、心脏B超及心电图检查。结果动态血压监测提示,与用药前比较,服药8周后平均收缩压和平均舒张压分别下降29mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）和17mmHg,脉压差明显减小,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;用药后血压昼夜波动更有规律（P〈0．05）;与用药前比较,内生肌酐清除率和射血分数增加,尿微量白蛋白和心率变异性在治疗前后无明显变化（P〉0．05）。结论硝苯地平控释片联合氢氯噻嗪对高血压患者具有稳定的降压作用和靶器官保护效应。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.