TCD血流动力学指标评价急性脑梗死患者认知功能损伤程度的价值

目的 探讨经颅多普勒超声（TCD）检查评价急性脑梗死（ACI）后患者认知功能受损的价值。方法 选取2015年5月~2019年4月我院收治的ACI后合并认知功能障碍的患者110例设为认知障碍组,ACI后认知功能正常患者110例设为ACI组,比较两组的大脑中动脉（MCA）平均血流速度（Vm）、阻力指数（RI）、搏动指数（PI）、MCA的屏气指数（BHI）、不同程度认知障碍患者Vm、RI、PI、BHI测定值及认知障碍患者的MCA的Vm、RI、PI、BHI测定值与MoCA评分的关系。结果 认知障碍组的PI测定值高于ACI组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;认知障碍组的BHI测定值、MoCA评分低于ACI组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组Vm、RI测定值比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;中度认知障碍患者的PI测定值高于轻度认知障碍患者,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;中度认知障碍患者BHI测定值、MoCA评分低于轻度认知障碍患者,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;认知障碍组PI测定值与MoCA评分呈负相关（r=-0.492,P=0.000）;认知障碍组的BHI测定值与MoCA评分呈正相关（r=0.507,P=0.000）;两组Vm、RI与MoCA评分无相关性（r=-0.084、-0.107,P=0.226、0.214）。结论 ACI患者认知功能障碍患者MCA的PI指数升高、BHI降低,TCD血流动力学指标用于评价ACI患者发生认知功能损害具有一定的临床价值。     

Brain single photon emission computed tomography findings in depressive pseudodementia patients

BACKGROUND: Recently, there have been studies suggesting that depressive pseudodementia would include early-stage dementing disorder. Through the comparison of the 99mTc-HMPAO single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) image of depressive pseudodementia subjects, healthy comparison subjects, depressed subjects free of cognitive impairment, and dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT) subjects, we aimed to see part of pathophysiology of the depressive pseudodementia of elderly patients. METHODS: Study subjects consisted of seven patients with depressive pseudodementia, seven healthy comparison subjects, seven patients with depression free of cognitive impairment, and eleven patients with DAT. Depression patients were diagnosed according to DSM-III-R. DAT patients were diagnosed by DSM III-R and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria of DAT. Other measures for assessment include Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and Mini Mental State Exam. All underwent 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT scan. The images of each group were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping of Friston, which compares the images on voxel-by-voxel basis. RESULTS: The results were as follows (1) The DAT group showed significant decreases of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the right frontal, right temporal region, and both parietal regions as compared with control group (P < 0.05). (2) The depression group showed a significant decrease of CBF in the left frontal region as compared with control group (P < 0.05). (3) The depressive pseudodementia group showed significant decreases of CBF in both parietal regions as compared with control group (P < 0.05). (4) The depressive pseudodementia group showed significant decreases of CBF in the right temporal region and both parietal regions as compared with depression group (P < 0.05). (5) The DAT group showed significant decreases of CBF in the right temporal region, both frontal regions, and both parietal regions as compared with depressive pseudodementia group (P < 0.05). LIMITATIONS: The small number of subjects may make it difficult to generalize from our results. Because decreased CBF in depressive pseudodementia is found while the subjects were depressed, we cannot tell whether it is a state marker or a trait marker. CONCLUSIONS: The depressive pseudodementia group showed decreased CBF in the temporo-parietal region, similar to that of the DAT group and different from that of the depression group.     

血管性认知障碍患者血清中NSE、 GFAP、BDNF水平变化的研究

目的 探讨血管性认知障碍患者血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)水平变化与认知障碍严重程度的相关性.方法 选择血管性认知障碍患者150例,入院时均给予相应治疗,并进行NSE、GFAP、BDNF检测.将150例患者依据认知障碍程度分为轻度认知障碍组(69例)、中度认知障碍组(45例)和重度认知障碍组(36例).并比较不同损伤水平(MMSE评分)患者3个指标之间的差异、计算3个指标与MMSE的相关性.结果 轻度患者组、中度患者组以及重度患者组间血清BDNF、NSE、GFAP水平存在显著差异,具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).血清NSE、GFAP水平与MMSE呈负相关(r=-0.641,r=-0.604,P＜0.05),BDNF与MMSE评分呈正相关(r =0.582,P＜0.05).结论 认知功能障碍的严重程度与血管性认知障碍患者血清NSE、GFAP、BDNF水平密切相关,因此血管性认知障碍患者血清NSE、GFAP、BDNF水平可用于判断认知功能障碍的严重程度.     

P300潜伏期在无症状颈动脉狭窄患者认知障碍评估中的应用

目的:探讨无症状颈动脉狭窄(ACS)对认知功能的影响,分析P300潜伏期与认知障碍的相关性。方法:前瞻性研究。纳入2018年10月—2020年1月蚌埠市第三人民医院神经内科120例ACS患者为狭窄组,选择年龄与之相匹配的同期正常体检者50例为对照组。对比两组受试者年龄、性别、受教育年限,吸烟史、饮酒史以及高血压、糖尿病...     

The pattern of function-related regional cerebral blood flow investigated by single photon emission tomography with 99mTc-HMPAO in patients with presenile Alzheimer's disease and Korsakoff's psychosis

Single photon emission tomography (SPET) with the lipophilic blood flow marker 99mTc-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) has been used to determine regional uptake of radiolabel into brain regions of patients with presenile Alzheimer's disease and Korsakoff's psychosis, and age-matched controls. Using occipital cortical uptake as reference area, the pattern of relative regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was determined in other cortical areas and basal ganglia. In Alzheimer's disease, reduction in rCBF occurred most strikingly in posterior temporal and parietal areas. By contrast, in Korsakoff's psychosis, posterior temporal rCBF was maintained, although there was a trend to reduced tracer uptake in other cortical areas. These impairments of flow were correlated with impairments of neuropsychological function. In Alzheimer's disease, left posterior temporal and left parietal regions in particular showed rCBF to be strongly correlated with most aspects of cognitive function. In Korsakoff's psychosis, however, impaired flow in frontal regions was correlated with impaired performance on tests of memory and orientation. The findings in Alzheimer's disease show quantitative parallels with those from studies using Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and extend our understanding of the relationship between cognition and regional brain function in dementia. The findings in Korsakoff's psychosis offer the first direct evidence linking frontal lobe dysfunction with the cognitive impairment seen in the disorder.     

Psychotic symptoms in major depressive disorder are associated with reduced regional cerebral blood flow in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex: a voxel-based single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) study

BACKGROUND: Delusions and/or hallucinations are not an uncommon feature in severe major depressive episodes. Functional imaging studies of depression have been widely reported in the literature, but few of these have attempted to investigate the neurophysiological correlates of psychotic symptoms. METHODS: We measured resting regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with the (99m)Tc-ECD SPECT technique in patients with major depressive disorder with (n=9) and without (n=12) psychotic features, as well as in a group of healthy volunteers (n=12). Between-group rCBF comparisons were performed using the voxel-based statistical parametric mapping method. RESULTS: Major depressed patients with psychotic features showed decreased rCBF in the left subgenual anterior cingulate cortex relative to both non-psychotic patients and healthy controls (P<0.001 one-tailed, uncorrected for multiple comparisons). Relative to the non-psychotic group, depressed patients with psychotic symptoms also had a focus of decreased rCBF in the right inferior frontal cortex, with the voxel of maximal significance in the insula (P<0.031, corrected for multiple comparisons). A similar pattern of significant between-group rCBF differences between psychotic and non-psychotic patients emerged after covarying the analysis for the confounding influence of overall illness severity. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide preliminary evidence that psychotic symptoms in major depression may be associated with abnormalities in ventral paralimbic regions previously implicated in mood regulation and depression.     

Single photon emission tomography with 99m Tc-HMPAO in Arab patients with depression

BACKGROUND: This study investigates the rate of cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in Arab patients wth depression. METHODS: Forty-four patients with DSM-III-R major depressive disorders were studied at rest using single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) with 99m Tc-HMPAO in comparison with 20 normal controls. All patients were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). RESULTS: The depressed group showed greater rCBF in left and right posterior frontal and parietal cortical regions than normal controls. Within the depressed group, patients with the least severe illness (HRSD < 20) had significantly lower rCBF than normal controls, whilst those with moderately severe (HRSD 20-29) and severe (HRSD > 30) had significantly greater rCBF in most cortical regions than normal controls. Symptom scores, derived from the HRSD were predicted by rCBF principally increased rCBF in the left frontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a generalized cerebral activation principally in the frontal cortex which is in contrast to the results of most previous studies but more in line with the results of studies of induced affect and some studies of depression subsyndromes.     

稳定期双相障碍认知功能及相关因素对照研究

目的探讨稳定期双相障碍患者认知功能损害特点及相关因素分析。方法对来我院门诊和住院部的符合ICD-10双相情感障碍,目前为缓解状态诊断标准的60例患者,和本院非临床工作人员或其他单位的60例正常者(对照组),采用蒙特利尔认知评价量表(MoCA)进行测试。结果①研究组总分(25.63±2.96)、视空间与执行功能(3.75±1.10)、记忆(3.05±1.36)、注意(5.18±0.75)与对照组存在明显差异(P0.05);②其中联合用药共38例(63.33%),出现认知功能障碍15例。单一用药22例(36.66%),出现认知功能障碍12例。两组认知功能损害无统计学差异;③病程≥24月与病程24月患者相比较,有统计学意义(χ2=6.613。P0.013)。结论稳定期双相障碍患者存在明显的注意、记忆和执行功能等认知功能损害,与病程的长短存在一定的相关性。     

The role of posterior parietal cortex in visually guided reaching movements in humans

 Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to identify the brain areas involved in visually guided reaching by measuring regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in six normal volunteers while they were fixating centrally and reaching with the left or right arm to targets presented in either the right or the left visual field. The PET images were registered with magnetic resonance images from each subject so that increases in rCBF could be localized with anatomical precision in individual subjects. Increased neural activity was examined in relation to the hand used to reach, irrespective of field of reach (hand effect), and the effects of target field of reach, irrespective of hand used (field effect). A separate analysis on intersubject, averaged PET data was also performed. A comparison of the results of the two analyses showed close correspondence in the areas of activation that were identified. We did not find a strict segregation of regions associated exclusively with either hand or field. Overall, significant rCBF increases in the hand and field conditions occurred bilaterally in the supplementary motor area, premotor cortex, cuneus, lingual gyrus, superior temporal cortex, insular cortex, thalamus, and putamen. Primary motor cortex, postcentral gyrus, and the superior parietal lobule (intraparietal sulcus) showed predominantly a contralateral hand effect, whereas the inferior parietal lobule showed this effect for the left hand only. Greater contralateral responses for the right hand were observed in the secondary motor areas. Only the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices exhibited strong ipsilateral hand effects. Field of reach was more commonly associated with bilateral patterns of activation in the areas with contralateral or ipsilateral hand effects. These results suggest that the visual and motor components of reaching may have a different functional organization and that many brain regions represent both limb of reach and field of reach. However, since posterior parietal cortex is connected with all of these regions, we suggest that it plays a crucial role in the integration of limb and field coordinates. Received: 23 August 1995 / Accepted: 8 August 1996     

不同认知功能障碍程度阿尔茨海默病患者海马、内嗅皮层体积变化及其与MMSE评分的关系

目的 探讨不同认知功能障碍程度的患者阿尔兹海默病（AD）海马、内嗅皮层体积的变化,及其与简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）评分的相关性。方法 横断面研究。纳入2017年9月—2021年9月联保部队第九六〇医院淄博院区86例AD患者临床和影像学资料,其中男54例、女32例,年龄55~87（73.9±8.1）岁。根据临床痴呆评定量表（CDR）评分将86例患者分为3组,其中36例CDR评分0.5分患者为轻度认知障碍（MCI）组,21例1分患者为轻度AD组,29例2~3分患者为中重度AD组。患者均应用MRI测量双侧海马体积、内嗅皮层体积,采用MMSE评分评估患者认知功能。观察指标：（1）比较3组患者性别、年龄、受教育年限等临床基线资料,以及MMSE评分;（2）比较3组患者海马体积和内嗅皮层体积;（3）分析AD患者MMSE评分与海马、内嗅皮层体积的相关性。结果 （1）3组患者性别、年龄、受教育年限等临床基线资料比较差异均无统计学意义（P值均>0.05）。MCI组、轻度AD组、中重度AD组患者MMSE评分依次降低,差异有统计学意义（F=113.29,P<0.001）。（2）MCI组、轻度AD组、中重度AD组左右侧海马体积MRI测量值分别为（3.24±0.32）cm³和（3.22±0.31）cm³、（2.72±0.53）cm³和（2.84±0.56）cm³、（2.31±0.55）cm³和（2.46±0.54）cm³,左右侧内嗅皮层体积分别为（1.42±0.26）cm³和（1.39±0.27）cm³、（1.28±0.24）cm³和（1.24±0.25）cm³、（1.04±0.31）cm³和（1.06±0.34）cm³。3组患者左右侧海马体积、内嗅皮层体积MRI测量值比较,均为MCI组>轻度AD组>中重度AD组,差异均有统计学意义（P值均<0.05）。（3）86例AD患者MMSE评分10~27（20.9±5.2）分,与左右两侧海马体积、内嗅皮层体积MRI测量值均呈正相关（r=0.82、0.81、0.73、0.72,P值均<0.001）。结论 随着认知功能障碍程度的加重,AD患者海马、内嗅皮层体积MRI测量值逐渐减小,且MMSE评分与海马、内嗅皮层体积存在相关性。     

Long-term measures of free testosterone predict regional cerebral blood flow patterns in elderly men

We previously reported that high circulating free testosterone (T) was associated with better performance on tests of memory, executive function, and spatial ability, and with a reduced risk for Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we report that free T levels, measured on multiple occasions over 14 years, predict regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measured by PET in 40 older men. Voxel-based regression, indicated that higher Free T was associated with increased rCBF in the hippocampus bilaterally (extending to the parahippocampal gyrus on the right), anterior cingulate gyrus, and right inferior frontal cortex. Total T concentrations were positively correlated with rCBF in the left putamen, bilateral thalamus, and left inferior frontal cortex and negatively correlated with amygdala rCBF bilaterally. These findings suggest that endogenous T influences brain physiology in regions critical for memory and attention and provide one mechanism through which T may affect cognitive function.     

阿尔茨海默病与血管性痴呆患者认知功能的比较研究

目的 :评价阿尔茨海默病 (AD)和血管性痴呆 (VD)患者认知功能障碍的异同 ;方法 :用简易智力状态检查表 (MMSE)、韦氏记忆量表 (WMS)、日常生活能力量表 (ADL)对 34例AD患者和 4 9例VD患者的认知功能进行测查 ;结果 :(1)MMSE结果表明AD组在短程记忆得分低于VD组 (P <0 .0 1) ,在语言复述得分高于VD组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;(2 )WMS结果表明AD组在经历 (P <0 .0 5 )、图形再认 (P <0 .0 5 )、理解记忆 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,定向 (P <0 .0 1)得分显著低于VD组 ;(3)ADL结果显示AD组与VD组无显著差异。结论 :AD组和VD组均有记忆障碍 ,AD组受损更为严重并以记忆注意受损为突出 ,VD组相对较轻并以语言复述受损为突出     

多奈哌齐联合阿米替林治疗神经衰弱伴发认知障碍患者的临床效果

目的 分析多奈哌齐联合阿米替林治疗神经衰弱伴发认知障碍患者的临床效果。方法 选取2018年1月~12月我院收治的神经衰弱伴发认知障碍患者100例,随机分为对照组和研究组,各50例。对照组予以阿米替林治疗,研究组在对照组基础上加用多奈哌齐治疗,比较两组患者睡眠障碍、认知障碍、生活质量及不良反应发生情况。结果 研究组睡眠障碍、认知障碍评分低于对照组[（3.57±1.02）分vs（7.25±1.64）分,（3.61±0.93）分vs（7.13±1.55）分],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;研究组总发生率为6.00%,低于对照组的24.00%,差异有统计意义（P＜0.05）;研究组躯体功能、心理功能、物质生活、社会功能评分均高于对照组[（18.20±3.93）分vs（12.68±3.54）分,（18.59±3.62）分vs（13.77±3.32）分,（17.43±3.60）分vs（13.24±3.91）分,（17.89±3.62）分vs（12.53±3.78）分],差异有统计意义（P＜0.05）。结论 多奈哌齐联合阿米替林治疗神经衰弱伴发认知障碍患者,可改善患者睡眠障碍、认知障碍,有效提高生活质量,减少患者不良反应的发生。     

影响老年糖尿病患者发生认知障碍的危险因素分析

目的 探讨影响老年糖尿病患者发生认知障碍的危险因素。方法 选取2015年10月~2017年10月解放军第三二二医院内分泌科收治的115例老年糖尿病患者为研究对象。根据简明精神状态量表评估结果,将患者分为认知正常组72例与认知功能障碍组43例,收集患者的体格检查资料、量表评分结果、实验室检查指标,统计分析可能影响认知功能障碍发生的危险因素。结果 ①与认知正常组相比,认知功能障碍组患者的冠心病发生率、SBP、DBP较高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。②两组患者FPG、FINS、C-P、2hPG、2hINS、2hC-P、HOMA-IR、HbAI、TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、ALB、前白蛋白等,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。③认知功能障碍组患者的ADL评分、GDS评分高于认知正常组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。但两组患者的多病共存、多重用药、视力下降、便秘、听力下降的发生率、ICI-Q-SF评分、MNA-SF评分,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。④正常组仅有6例患者未出现并发症,分别有16例、20例、18例、10例、2例患者合并存在1种、2种、3种、4种、5种并发症。认知功能障碍组有7例患者未合并并发症,分别有9例、14例、8例、3例、2例患者合并存在1种、2种、3种、4种、5种并发症。两组患者的慢性并发症数量,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。⑤多因素Logistic分析结果发现,仅有舒张压、ADL评分、GDS评分是影响患者认知功能障碍发生的独立性危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论 舒张压偏高、日常生活功能低下、存在抑郁倾向是影响老年糖尿病患者发生认知功能障碍的主要危险因素。     

脑梗死患者急性期-康复期认知变化与脑MRI分析

血管性痴呆是医学研究的热点 ,关于血管性痴呆和脑ＣＴ的研究报告并不少见 ,但脑梗死急性期-康复期认知变化与ＭＲＩ的分析尚少报告。由于脑梗死无疑是血管性痴呆的主要原因 ,而且随着人口老龄化 ,伴有弥漫性、混杂性脑病变的急性脑梗死病人增多 ,急性期脑ＭＲＩ发现在认知障碍中的作用 ,以及在康复过程中与认知改变的相关性 ,有待研究探讨。现将我们的观察分析报告如下。1　资料和方法1.1　研究对象1999年 4月至 2 0 0 1年 4月在我院神经内科住院的浦东地区急性脑梗死患者 10 1例 ,男 5 4例 ,女4 7例 ,年龄 5 0～ 83岁 ,平均 6 7.2 7± 8.4…     

太极拳对遗忘型轻度认知功能障碍患者认知功能影响的研究

目的 探讨太极拳对遗忘型轻度认知功能障碍（a-MCI）患者认知功能的影响。方法 将62例a-MCI患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组31例。对照组患者接受常规健康教育,治疗组在此基础上接受太极拳干预治疗。两组患者分别在治疗前、治疗后6个月采用简明精神状态检查量表（MMSE）、蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）以及事件相关电位P300对患者认知功能评价。结果 对照组治疗前后MMSE、MoCA评分分别比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗后观察组MMSE、MoCA评分分别为（25.12±4.17）分、     

合并微出血对脑小血管闭塞性卒中患者认知功能的影响及其与P300的关系

目的 探讨合并微出血（CMBs）对脑小动脉闭塞性卒中（SAO）患者认知功能的影响及与事件相关电位（ERP）P300的相关性。方法 选取本院2017年12月~2019年4月脑病科SAO患者70例作为研究对象,应用蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）进行认知功能评估。应用1.5T超导磁共振对所有患者进行常规序列及磁敏感（SWI）序列检查,分析SAO患者认知功能损伤与CMBs的关系。采用Keypoint诱发电位仪检测P300电位,分析SAO患者CMBs与P300电位关系。结果 本研究最终纳入70例SAO患者,其中MoCA总分异常者48例,MoCA总分正常者22 例。年龄、教育年限、高血压病史、白质疏松程度和CMBs的有无与SAO患者MoCA评分异常有关（P＜0.05）。Logistic回归分析发现,CMBs的有无（OR=5.648,95%CI=1.105~28.869,P=0.038）仍然是MoCA评分异常的独立危险因素。微出血（CMBs）组 MoCA总分降低,P300潜伏期显著延长、波幅明显降低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。CMBs程度与P300潜伏期相关Pz（r=0.252,P＜0.05）;Cz（r=0.296,P＜0.05）。结论 CMBs与SAO患者认知功能损伤相关,伴CMBs的SAO患者P300电位有明显改变,P300可作为评估SAO合并CMBs患者的认知功能障碍的客观指标之一。     

梗死灶大小对急性颞叶或枕叶梗死患者认知障碍的影响及其与事件相关电位P300潜伏期的关系

目的 探讨急性颞叶或枕叶梗死患者梗死灶的大小对认知功能障碍发生率的影响,以及认知障碍与事件相关电位P300潜伏期的相关性。方法 前瞻性研究。纳入2020年1月—2021年7月蚌埠市第三人民医院神经内科急性颞叶或枕叶梗死患者100例为观察组,其中男52例、女48例,年龄50~82（70.2±7.9）岁,受教育年限5~9（5.3±0.9）年,有吸烟史21例、饮酒史17例,合并高血压36例、糖尿病24例、冠心病10例。观察组患者均行头颅MR扫描并测量梗死灶大小,按照测量结果分组：梗死灶≥30 cm³为观察A组（41例）,梗死灶<30 cm³为观察B组（59例）。选取同时期年龄、性别与观察组患者相匹配的50例健康体检者为对照组,其中男25例、女25例,年龄50~82（71.3±7.2）岁。对比3组受试者性别、年龄、受教育年限、吸烟史、饮酒史,以及合并高血压、糖尿病、冠心病情况等临床基线资料;采用蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA）量表评估所有受试者认知功能,并测定所有受试者的事件相关电位P300潜伏期,观察组在住院1周后病情稳定情况下进行测试,对照组在体检当天进行测试;采用Spearman相关分析法评估观察组中认知障碍患者的P300潜伏期与MoCA评分的相关性。结果 3组受试者基线资料比较差异均无统计学意义（P值均>0.05）。观察A组、观察B组与对照组MoCA评分分别为27（23,28）分 、28（27,29）分和29（28,30）分,P300潜伏期分别为380（320,380） ms、310（ 290,350） ms和290（280,300） ms,认知障碍患者分别占43.9%（18/41）、32.2%（19/59）和2%（1/50）,对照组患者较2个观察组的MoCA评分高、P300潜伏期短、认知障碍发生率低,3组间比较差异均有统计学意义（Z=34.29、64.00,χ²=23.34,P值均<0.001）;与观察B组比较,观察A组患者的MoCA评分低、P300潜伏期长,差异有统计学意义（P值均<0.001）。Spearman相关分析显示,观察组中37例认知障碍患者的MoCA评分[25（22,27）分]与P300潜伏期[360（320,416）ms]呈负相关（r_s=-0.36,P<0.05）。结论 急性颞叶或枕叶梗死患者梗死灶的大小对患者认知障碍的发生有影响;合并认知障碍的患者事件相关电位P300潜伏期与MoCA量表评分呈负相关,两者对患者认知功能的评估结果具有较好的一致性。     

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: replication and exploration of differential relapse prevention effects

Recovered recurrently depressed patients were randomized to treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU plus mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT). Replicating previous findings, MBCT reduced relapse from 78% to 36% in 55 patients with 3 or more previous episodes; but in 18 patients with only 2 (recent) episodes corresponding figures were 20% and 50%. MBCT was most effective in preventing relapses not preceded by life events. Relapses were more often associated with significant life events in the 2-episode group. This group also reported less childhood adversity and later first depression onset than the 3-or-more-episode group, suggesting that these groups represented distinct populations. MBCT is an effective and efficient way to prevent relapse/recurrence in recovered depressed patients with 3 or more previous episodes.     

5-HT and 5-HIAA in cerebrospinal fluid in depression

CSF 5-HT and 5-HIAA were measured in endogenously depressed patients (ICD-9) (n = 23) and controls (n = 11). Distribution of sex, age and body height was similar in the two groups. Non-parametric statistics were used. In depressed patients CSF 5-HT concentrations were found to be higher (P less than or equal to 0.01) than in controls. A further classification of the depressed patients by the Newcastle Scale showed that the highest values were found in the endogenous group compared to the non-endogenous group (P less than or equal to 0.02). CSF 5-HIAA was found to be equal in the two groups, even when pairs matched for height were compared. No relation between clinical recovery due to drug treatment and changes in CSF 5-HT was seen. Our data support a possible involvement of 5-HT in the biology of depression, but the anatomical and functional levels of a serotonin derangement are still unknown.