压电免疫传感器阵列检测尖吻蝮蛇毒的初步研究

目的 探讨以压电传感阵列技术榆测尖吻蝮蛇毒的可行性.方法 构建2×5的AT切向、基频10 MHz的石英晶体微阵列,将尖吻蝮蛇毒抗体巯基化,通过自组装技术固定在石英晶体金膜电极表面,检测不同浓度的尖吻蝮蛇毒标准液.结果 尖吻蝮蛇毒压电免疫传感器阵列上,最适抗体固定浓度为3 μg/ml,尖吻蝮蛇毒与相应抗体反应时间为40 min,检测尖吻蝮蛇毒最低浓度为0.1μg/ml,蛇毒浓度在0.1～4.0μg/ml范围时,与晶体频率变化之间呈良好的线性关系.结论 采用压电免疫传感器阵列检测尖吻蝮蛇毒响应特性良好,具有灵敏度高、操作简单、不需标记等优点,是实现快速仪器化检测蛇伤的可能途径.     

探针浓度对压电传感器基因杂交效应的影响

目的 探讨探针浓度对压电传感器基因杂交效应的影响。方法 9种浓度的探针与同一浓度的靶序列在压电传感器阵列上进行杂交,计算机采集并分析传感器频率数据,比较各探针浓度下固定前后频率差,杂交达到平衡所需时间,杂交前后频率差,同时,根据较低浓度数据得出的杂交动力学参数。计算各浓度下的频率变化理论值。结果 随探针浓度增加,固定引起的频率变化值逐渐增加,杂交时间有缩短趋势,杂交前后的频率差值在探针浓度较低（1nmol/L-0.5μmol/L)时逐渐增大,而探;针浓度较高（1.0-3.5μmol/L)时反而减小,高浓度时杂交前后频率变化理论值与实际值存在明显差异。结论 在石英晶体传感器阵列上,基因杂交效率随探针浓度增加而增大,但探针浓度过高反而抑制杂交,其原因可能主要在于探针之间的空间构象关系和静电排斥。     

压电免疫传感器与ELISA、TPPA法在梅毒筛查试验中的对比研究

目的研制压电免疫传感芯片法快速检测梅毒特异性抗体。方法采用吸附-交联法将梅毒基因工程重组抗原固定在镀金石英晶体表面。运用压电免疫传感阵列检测技术快速检测梅毒特异性抗体。以压电免疫传感芯片为实验方法,以ELISA作对照方法,以TPPA作为确认方法进行对比研究。结果30份临床样本,实验方法与对照方法的灵敏度均为100％,特异度分别是85％和75％,一致率分别是90％和83．3％。压电蛋白芯片法与TPPA法检测数据之间存在相关关系,属半定量实验。结论运用压电免疫传感阵列对梅毒螺旋体抗体进行快速检测,具有灵敏度高、特异性好,检测速度快等优点,特别适用于野战条件下献血者血液快速筛查。     

肽核酸生物传感器检测系统构建时靶序列农度的影响及线性范围的确定

目的探索肽核酸生物传感器检测系统构建时靶序列浓度值对杂交效应的影响,以及靶序列浓度线性范围的确定.方法石英谐振式生物传感器阵列表面先固定上1.5μM的bis-PNA探针,观察终浓度为1pg/L至100μg/L的HBV DNA与探针进行杂交所引起的频率变化及反应所需时间.并对频率下降值与靶序列浓度做线性回归,确定其线性范围.结果靶序列浓度为1 pg/L时,传感器未能检测出任何频率的改变.随着浓度从10 pg/L增加到100μg/L,杂交反应引起的频率下降值呈先增加后趋于缓和的趋势,以10μg/L为分界线,而杂交平衡时间并没有显现出一定的变化趋势.在10pg/L到10μg/L的浓度范围内,浓度与频率下降值的线性回归方程为lgC=-2.745 5 0.069 1×△F,相关系数r=0.992 3.结论随着靶序列浓度的升高,杂交反应引起的频率下降值呈典型饱和曲线趋势,靶序列浓度的线性检测范围为:10 pg/L ～ 10μg/L.     

基于氧化锌纳米花的心肌肌钙蛋白I夹心式电化学免疫传感器构建研究

目的 结合氧化锌纳米花及夹心法信号放大策略,构建高灵敏心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)电化学免疫传感器。方法 采用直接沉淀法合成氧化锌纳米花,在其表面标记硫堇与cTnI抗体。另外,采用恒电位溶出法在电极表面沉积纳米金,通过金-氮共价键捕获cTnI抗体作为传感平台,识别检测抗体,构成夹心式、高灵敏cTnI电化学免疫传感器。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征材料的形貌结构,采用循环伏安法和示差脉冲伏安法（DPV）探究传感界面的构建过程、实验条件以及响应性能。结果 功能化氧化锌纳米花与纳米金呈现出良好的信号放大性能。在最优实验条件下,免疫传感器DPV响应电流与cTnI抗原浓度呈正比,线性范围为0.05～0.25μg/L和0.50～8.00μg/L,检测限为0.014 3μg/L(S/N=3)。构建的电化学免疫传感器具备良好的选择性、重现性及准确度。结论 结合氧化锌纳米花优异的催化性能,成功构建一种双抗夹心式cTnI电化学免疫传感器,提高了cTnI检测的灵敏度与特异度。     

固定多黏菌素B的压电生物传感器检测内毒素

目的本研究拟探讨快速、定量和灵敏的内毒素(ET)检测方法。方法通过硅烷化的晶体表面将多黏菌素B(PMB)固定到ET切割10MHz压电石英晶体表面,研制成一种新型的用于检测血浆中ET浓度的压电生物传感器。结果该传感器检测中,ET在0.5～20.0μg/mL浓度范围内有良好的线性关系。结论该研究探讨了PMB浓度、溶液的离子强度和pH值以及反应时间等对ET吸附性能的影响,检测结果表明该传感器可用于临床和环境检测。     

"RecA蛋白-互补单链DNA探针"生物信号放大系统用于压电基因传感器的研究

目的利用"RecA蛋白-互补单链DNA探针"与固定的肽核酸(bis-PNA)探针相结合,摸索最适的液相反应条件,以提高压电基因传感器基因传感表面的质量负载,从而提高传感器的灵敏度.方法基因传感器阵列固定上针对乙肝病毒的bis-PNA探针,加入靶DNA与之反应,然后加入预先处理过的不同浓度(0.5～6mg/ml)的"RecA蛋白-互补单链DNA探针".结果当RecA蛋白浓度为3mg/ml时,ATPγS浓度为12.5μM,所引起的频率变化最显著.结论在反应体系中加入"RecA蛋白-互补单链DNA探针",有效的提高了压电基因传感器的灵敏度.     

压电石英晶体微阵列免疫传感器检测IgG的实验研究

目的 构建一种新型压电石英晶体人免疫球蛋白(IgG)的免疫微阵列传感器。方法 抗IgG单克隆抗体采用蛋白A(SPA)法固定在AT切向、基频10MHz的石英晶体微阵列金膜电极表面制成抗体敏感膜，构成压电石英晶体IgG免疫微阵列传感器。结果 构建的IgG压电石英晶体免疫微阵列传感器对IgG的响应特性良好，其检测下线为0．5mIU／ml。结论 研制的压电石英晶体IgG免疫微阵列传感器具有灵敏度高、特异性好、成本低廉、操作简单、快速，能在线实时检测等优点，可用于临床实验诊断。     

α-鹅膏毒肽对2.2.15细胞乙肝病毒HBsAg和HBeAg分泌的影响

目的 观察α-鹕膏毒肽(α-Amallitin)对HepG2 2.2.15细胞(2.2.15细胞)乙肝病毒(HBV)HBsAg和HBeAg分泌的影响.方法 用不同浓度的α-鹅膏毒肽作用2.2.15细胞,用MTT法检测细胞毒性,时间分辨免疫荧光法(TRFIA)测定上清HBsAg和HBeAg浓度.结果 α-鹅膏毒肽在0.006～0.800μg/mL时,对HepG2 2.2.15细胞无明显毒性作用.当浓度达到4.000～20.000μg/mL时毒性较明显,TC50为10.190μg/mL;其对上清液HBsAg和HBeAg的抑制随浓度的增加而加强,其半数抑制浓度分别为0.495μg/mL和0.346μg/mL.结论 在无毒或低毒浓度下α-Amanitin能抑制2.2.15细胞株HBsAg和HBeAg的分泌,可能与α-Amanitin抑制HBV DNA的复制有关.     

压电基因传感器阵列的初步构建

目的　初步构建适于临床基因检测的新方法即压电基因传感器阵列。方法　制作 2× 5型基因传感器阵列 ,在阵列各检测池的银膜上通过巯基修饰法固定合成大肠杆菌肠毒素基因探针 ,而后与各靶序列进行杂交 ,以自制集成电路及电脑软件对频率数据进行采集与分析。结果　 12h内 ,气相对照检测池频率变化± 2Hz ,液相对照检测池频率变化± 4Hz ;基因探针固定后频率下降 ( 4 8± 5 )Hz ;与完全配对的靶序列杂交 ,0 .5h达到稳定状态 ,并使频率下降 ( 4 3± 5 )Hz ;与有 1～ 2个碱基错配的序列杂交 ,频率下降仅分别为 ( 2 1± 5 )、( 7± 5 )Hz ,与 3个碱基错配的序列及不相关序列杂交 ,频率无明显变化。结论　初步构建的基因传感器阵列有很好的稳定性和特异性 ,敏感性尚待进行一步提高。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.