微创经皮肾输尿管镜术治疗肾结石508例

目的 探讨微创经皮肾输尿管镜取石术治疗肾结石的疗效.方法 采用经皮肾输尿管镜取石术治疗肾结石患者508例.结果 468例行一期穿刺取石,40例行二期取石,补充体外冲击波碎石(ESWL)治疗31例.所有病例均为单通道取石,结石清除率91.7%,手术时间平均为87 min,平均住院时间11 d.未发生大出血、肾功能损害等严重并发症.结论 微创经皮肾镜取石术(MPCNL)治疗肾结石安全高效,具有创伤小、恢复快、结石清除率高等优点,是治疗肾结石的一种好方法.     

X线定位联合B超引导微创经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗无积水肾结石

目的探讨X线定位联合B超引导建立经皮肾镜通道行微创经皮肾镜取石术(MPCNL)治疗无积水肾结石的安全性和临床疗效。方法 2008年6月至2010年5月,采用X线定位联合B超引导穿刺建立经皮肾镜通道MPCNL术治疗68例无积水肾结石,对手术时间、手术并发症、结石清除率等临床资料进行分析。结果 68例患者均一期成功建立经皮肾镜通道,58例行一期取石术,10例行二期取石术。手术时间60～130min,平均75min,5例患者术中输血400～600mL,无气胸、腹腔脏器损伤、术后大出血等并发症发生。结论 X线定位联合B超引导行MPCNL术治疗无积水肾结石安全、方便,疗效可靠。     

经皮肾镜取石联合体外震波碎石治疗鹿角形肾结石

目的:探讨经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)联合体外震波碎石(ESWL)治疗鹿角形肾结石临床应用价值.方法:回顾性分析48例鹿角形肾结石患者采用经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)联合体外震波碎石(ESWL)治疗的临床资料.其中单侧42例(3例为孤肾结石);合并对侧上尿路结石6例,无积水完全鹿角形肾结石4例.结石长径:2.7-5.4(平均4.3)cm.均行经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)联合体外震波碎石(ESWL)治疗.结果:39例(81.3%)经PCNL、ESWL联合治疗获愈,9例(1.7%)结石残留.随访6-38个月,48例均无肾积水及狭窄,39例(81.3%)结石取净者3例(7.7%)复发,9例(18.7%)有少许残石患者中有2例(22.2%)结石体积增大、数目增多.7例术前氮质血症患者中术后6个月复查肾功能,5例恢复正常,2例有好转.结论:经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)联合体外震波碎石(ESWL)治疗鹿角形肾结石具有效果明显、操作安全、创伤较小、降低残石率、并发症较少等优点,可以代替开放手术而成为鹿角形肾结石的首选治疗方法.     

微创经皮肾镜取石术联合体外冲击波碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石的临床疗效观察

目的:总结微创经皮肾镜碎石取石术(PCNL)联合体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)治疗复杂性肾结石的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选取应用微创经皮输尿管镜碎石取石术(PCNL)联合体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)治疗复杂性肾结石的患者共150例。采用Ⅰ期或Ⅱ期微创经皮肾输尿管镜碎石取石术(PCNL)联合体外冲击波碎石(ESWL)成功处理150例肾结石,其中鹿角型结石40例,铸形结石20例,多发性肾结石60例,开放取石手术后复发8例,结石合并肾积脓22例。结果:肾结石Ⅰ期PCNL结合ESWL手术102例,Ⅰ期PCNL结合ESWL加Ⅱ期手术48例。无严重手术并发症发生,术后随访2~12个月,分别行尿路平片及肾CT检查,结石复发20例,需要再次手术者8例,行ESWL者12例。结论:微创经皮肾输尿管镜取石术结合体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)治疗复杂性肾结石具有微创损伤、恢复快、并发症少、安全高效、结石清除率高的优点。     

单通道经皮肾镜取石术联合输尿管软镜治疗鹿角状肾结石28例

目的探讨单通道经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石联合输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗鹿角状肾结石的有效性。方法回顾分析2009年6月至2012年10月收治的28例鹿角状肾结石患者的临床资料,上述患者均接受单通道经皮肾镜气压弹道或钬激光碎石联合输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗,一期先行单通道经皮肾镜气压弹道或钬激光碎石术,二期截石斜仰卧位下联合逆行输尿管软镜碎石取石术进行治疗。结果一期手术平均手术时间为135 min,二期手术平均手术时间为90 min,结石总清除率为89.28%(25/28)。3例患者残留结石,大小分别0.6~1.2 cm,其中2例术后4周接受体外冲击波碎石治疗。术后随访,3例残留结石患者2~6个月结石全部排出。结论单通道经皮肾镜取石术联合输尿管软镜治疗鹿角状肾结石有创伤小、并发症少、结石清除率高等优点,方法安全、有效,可作为鹿角状肾结石的治疗方法。     

微通道与标准通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗复杂性肾结石的比较

目的:探讨微通道经皮肾镜取石术(MPCNL)与标准通道经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)治疗复杂性肾结石的临床疗效及安全性。方法:应用MPCNL(MPCNL组)或PCNL(PCNL组)治疗的96例复杂性肾结石,其中MPCNL组51例,鹿角形结石23例,肾脏多发性结石28例;PCNL组45例,鹿角形结石21例,肾脏多发性结石24例。比较2组的手术时间、输血率、结石清除率、手术并发症发生率及术后住院时间等。结果:MPCNL组手术时间长于PCNL组(P<0.01),2组的结石清除率、输血率、手术并发症发生率和术后住院时间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:MPCNL与PCNL治疗复杂性肾结石均具有创伤小、碎石效果肯定、结石清除率高、术后恢复快等明显优势,两者在临床疗效和安全性方面无明显差异。     

mPCNL治疗鹿角形肾结石的疗效分析

目的探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术（mPCNL）治疗鹿角形肾结石的疗效和安全性。方法应用经皮肾输尿管镜联合气压弹道碎石治疗61例鹿角形肾结石患者,采用实时彩色多普勒超声引导穿刺、扩张建立F20微通道,使用气压弹道粉碎结石。统计碎石时间、结石取净率以及手术并发症等。结果 61例均一期建立通道。平均手术碎石时间为80min,一次治疗结石取净率为70.5%,总取净率为88.5%,术后8例出现发热,2例行超选择性肾动脉介入栓塞控制出血,未发生脏器损伤和感染性休克病例。结论微创经皮肾镜取石术（mPCNL）联合气压弹道碎石治疗鹿角形肾结石效率高、出血量少,是治疗鹿角形肾结石的安全、有效方法     

F20通道经皮联合输尿管硬软镜超声碎石治疗鹿角形肾结石26例报告

目的总结单一改良F20通道经皮肾镜碎石术(PCNL)联合输尿管硬软镜碎石术治疗鹿角形肾结石的临床经验体会。方法单通道经皮肾镜超声碎石术结合输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗鹿角状肾结石26例。结石大小(2.6cm×3.8cm～3.5cm×6.2cm),平均3.1cm×5.1cm。结果 26例平均手术时间110min,平均出血量30ml(10～100ml),结石清除率为84.62%(22/26);4例残余结石者主要集中于与通道平行的肾后组盏和肾中盏,于术后1～2周行二期碎石术,结石总清除率为92.31%(24/26)。结论单通道经皮肾镜超声碎石术联合输尿管软镜治疗鹿角形肾结石可有效提高结石清除率,减少创伤及并发症,是治疗鹿角形肾结石的较好方法。     

微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗无积水肾结石并发症观察与护理

目的探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术(MPCNL)治疗无积水肾结石的护理。方法对2008-06～2011-08间,收治的80例无积水肾结石的患者采用X线定位联合B超引导下微创经皮肾镜取石术(MPC-NL),分析围手术期出现的护理问题及处理方法。结果 80例无积水肾结石Ⅰ期结石清除率达82.5%,无气胸、腹腔脏器损伤等并发症发生。结论 X线定位联合B超引导行经皮肾镜碎石取石术治疗无积水肾结石,具有安全、方便、疗效可靠。做好围手术期护理,也是手术成功的关键。     

微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石

目的探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术（MPCNL）治疗肾结石的方法与效果。方法回顾性分析636例采用MPCNL治疗的肾结石患者资料,男391例,女245例。平均年龄43岁。其中单纯肾盂结石75例,单纯肾盏结石117例,肾盂和肾盏多发结石283例,肾铸形或鹿角形结石127例,双侧肾结石34例。结石大小2.0cm×1.0cm～5.0cm×4.5cm,平均3.0cm×2.0cm。结果 611例患者一期取石,25例二期取石。单通道取石549例,双通道取石78例,三通道取石9例。1次取石471例,2次取石122例,3次取石43例。结石清除率83.6%（532/636）,平均手术时间90min,平均住院12d.术中均未输血。17例术后并发出血,经输血、抗炎等保守治疗后治愈,3例并发气胸,经胸腔闭式引流术后治愈,其余未见严重并发症。结论 MPCNL具有创伤小、出血小及并以症少等优点,治疗肾结石安全有效,尤其对肾结石再次手术治疗有较大优越性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.