Job stress, ill health and job satisfaction among health service employees.

The study examined the effects of occupational stressors, perceived locus of control, Type A behaviour pattern and use of coping strategies on well-being and job satisfaction of 1,176 health service employees. Several stressors were identified as having a negative impact on health and job satisfaction although these differed between the various occupational groups included in the study. The interactionist model of stress used in the study, and the diagnostic tool used (the Occupational Stress Indicator) proved to be useful in suggesting means of intervening to reduce ill health and increase job satisfaction among health service employees.     

Occupational stress and depression in Korean employees

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to analyze what aspects of occupational stress predict depression among Korean workers, and determine which components of occupational stress or job characteristics is more strongly associated with depression. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 8,522 workers (21-65 years of age) from a nationwide sample were recruited. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographics, job characteristics, depressive symptoms measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and occupational stress assessed by the Korean occupational stress scale (KOSS). RESULTS: Multivariate analyses show that inadequate social support (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.52, 1.66) and discomfort in occupational climate (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.18, 1.32) were more important risk factors for depression than organizational injustice, job demand and job control. Compared to the 'business activities' industries, 'recreational, cultural and sporting activities' (OR = 3.45, 95% CI = 1.80, 6.58), 'hotel and restaurants' (OR = 3.34, 95% CI = 1.92, 5.80), 'real estate and renting and leasing' (OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.13, 4.44), 'wholesale and retail' (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.28, 2.67), 'transportation' (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.11, 3.07), and 'financial institute and insurance' (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.04, 2.48) industries had significantly greater risk of depression after controlling for gender, age, marital status, duration of employment and all subscale of KOSS. CONCLUSION: The finding that inadequate social support and discomfort in occupational climate is a better predictor of depressive symptoms than organizational injustice in Korea, indicates that the newly developed KOSS has cultural relevance for assessing occupational stress in Korea. Future studies need to understand factors such as "emotional labor" within certain industries where increased risk for depression is observed.     

电子制造服务业员工职业紧张状况及影响因素分析

采用整群抽样方法,使用一般情况调查表和工作要求-自主问卷,对5家电子制造服务业企业的1 723名员工进行问卷调查。结果显示,员工职业紧张的检出率为68.7%。多因素Logisitc回归分析表明,轮班和流水线工作岗位是职业紧张的主要危险因素(P0.05)。     

Occupational health services for municipal employees

Most municipalities have departments responsible for fire, policing, public works, parks, sanitation, health, water, administration, and communications. A comprehensive occupational medicine program must address the potential and actual health hazards associated with each of these fields, as well as pre-employment/placement medical evaluations, medical surveillance, wellness programs, work-related injury, case management, return-to-work accommodations, and drug and alcohol testing. While no standard for municipal occupational heath services exists, a comprehensive approach to the variety of work settings that are inherent even in small municipalities is important for the service provider.     

洪山乡职业卫生服务调查报告

本文报告了洪山乡1988～1990年试点工作结果。该乡125个乡镇工业有2060名工人接触职业危害,对17种常见职业危害因素进行了监测。试点期间,粉尘、毒物和物理因素的监测率分别从27.9%、9.8%和9.2%上升到85.5%、93.4%和96.7%;尘毒作业点的合格率从11.1%和20.0%上升到63.5%和80.0%;尘毒作业工人的受检率从17.4%和20.6%上升到90.2%和90.4%。采取干预措施后,27家企业进行了治理,其中22家企业尘毒浓度达到国家卫生标准。     

Occupational health service delivery in South Africa

This article offers insight into how occupational health services are delivered in South Africa. The nursing aspect of this comprehensive service is the focus.     

Valuing and rewarding employees in the changed health service

Last November, at the IHSM conference on human resources, Vicky Wright spoke on valuing and rewarding people. Here, with David Patterson and Helen Murlis, she amplifies her argument. In a changing service pay policy must change, but change is not without risk and will not in itself revolutionise human resource management.     

2011年某制药企业职业健康检查结果

目的为了解某制药企业接触职业病危害因素在岗职工的职业健康情况,旨在检出疑似职业病、职业病禁忌证及其他主要疾病,并提出相应的预防措施。方法对2011年在该企业接触职业病危害因素的员工按照《职业健康监护技术规范》(GBZ 188-2007)进行体检,并对结果进行分析。结果该制药企业接触职业病危害因素主要为噪声、高温、粉尘(滑石尘、煤尘)、甲醛、氨、氢氧化钠、酸(盐酸、硫酸)、硫化氢、锰等。在检查的833人当中,229人有1项或多项结果异常,异常检出率为27.49%。检出听力下降29人,占噪声作业人员的15.20%;其中噪声观察对象6人,占噪声作业人员的3.10%。高温作业禁忌证4人,占高温作业人员的2.23%。粉尘作业禁忌证2人,占粉尘作业人员的1.81%。甲醛作业禁忌证1人,占甲醛作业人员的1.00%。未检出疑似职业病检出其他主要疾病是:脂肪肝114人,占体检人数的13.68%;高血压66人,占体检人数的7.95%;胆囊炎及胆结石31人,占体检人数的3.72%;心血管疾病18人,占体检人数的2.16%。结论该企业应针对接触职业病危害因素职工的健康状况,以及检出有职业病禁忌证及其他主要疾病的职工,采取相应的防治措施和职业病危害的预防措施。     

电子制造服务业员工社会支持对职业应激早期健康效应的影响

采用整群分层随机抽样，对2家电子制造服务企业2400名员工采用《社会支持量表》《职业倦怠自评量表》《自我管理睡眠问卷》《抑郁评价量表》分别调查社会支持及职业应激早期健康效应。数据有效率为84.75%(2034/2400)，研究对象职业倦怠、失眠和抑郁症状的检出率分别为45.7%(930/2034)、36.7%(746/2034)、67.2%(1367/2034)，不同水平的社会支持对职业应激早期健康效应中的职业倦怠、失眠和抑郁症状检出率有一定影响(P<0.01)。经Logistic回归分析，社会支持得分中等者发生职业倦怠、失眠和抑郁症状是社会支持得分低者的0.456、0.651、0.502倍(P<0.01)；社会支持得分高者发生职业倦怠、失眠和抑郁症状是社会支持得分低者的0.210、0.519、0.342倍(P<0.01)。提示社会支持可能是职业倦怠、失眠和抑郁症状的保护因素，高水平的社会支持有助于减少员工职业倦怠、失眠和抑郁症状的发生。     

Occupational stress in the ambulance service: a diagnostic study

The Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI) was used to investigate job stress in an ambulance service in the northwest of England. Seven different aspects of the stress-strain relationship were assessed and the findings compared with those from the fire service. Ambulance service employees were found to be experiencing major stress outcomes of low job satisfaction and poor mental and physical health. Fire service employees revealed significantly poorer physical health. Assesses the sources of job stress, type A behaviour, locus of control and coping styles and discusses them in the light of change in the public services.     

Effect of declining mental health service use on employees of a large corporation.

This study examines concurrent changes in use of mental and general health services and in annual sick days among 20,814 employees of a large corporation. From 1993 to 1995 mental health service use and costs declined by more than one-third, more than three times as much as the decline in non-mental health service use. However, employees who used mental health services showed a 37 percent increase in use of non-mental health services and significantly increased sick days, whereas other employees showed no such increases. Savings in mental health services were fully offset by increased use of other services and lost workdays.     

Tuberculosis screening in health service employees: who needs chest X-rays?

There is uncertainty in the NHS about which individuals should be offered pre-employment screening by chest X-ray and whether this procedure is of value in the detection of tuberculosis. To provide evidence for practice, pre-employment chest X-ray and tuberculin skin test status were examined retrospectively for employees of a health district. Cases were those with an abnormal chest X-ray; referents were a sample of the remainder with a normal chest X-ray. The majority of the population had positive tuberculin skin tests and there was no difference between cases (58 positive out of 68) and referents (170 positive out of 212). Most of the X-ray abnormalities were trivial; four findings were thought significant, but would have caused no problems if undetected and none of these findings was related to tuberculosis. We conclude that in new employees in Hampstead health district, X-ray abnormalities are rare and not predicted by testing tuberculin skin reactivity; neither procedure is justified routinely as a means of screening for tuberculosis. The situation in districts with a high incidence of tuberculosis needs to be investigated.     

西安市服务业从业人员就医行为调查分析

目的了解西安市服务业从业人员的就医情况及影响因素,为医疗卫生资源的合理利用和就医行为干预提供参考。方法采用系统抽样方法,对206名在陕西省疾病预防控制中心办理健康证的服务业从业人员进行问卷调查,调查内容包括个人信息和就医行为。结果身体不适选择去医院的就诊者仅占39.8%,其中61.0%选择去大型综合性医院就诊,医疗条件和医疗可及性是其选择医院的主要考虑因素,结论要注重对服务业从业人员医学常识的普及,同时加强基层医疗服务机构能力建设,引导从业人员合理就医。