甘露醇注射液中细菌内毒素的检查研究

目的　探讨甘露醇注射液中细菌内毒素检查的可行性。方法　参照中国药典 2 0 0 0年版细菌内毒素检查法及热原检查法。结果　多批样品的细菌内毒素检查结果与热原检查结果一致。结论　选用灵敏度为 0 .12 5EU·ml-1的鲎试剂以 1∶4稀释 ,采用细菌内毒素检查法替代热原检查法是可行的。     

鲎试剂法检测注射用哌拉西林钠的细菌内毒素

目的　探讨注射用哌拉西林钠的细菌内毒素检测方法。方法　参照中国药典 2 0 0 0年版“细菌内毒素检查法”中干扰试验的基本原理及检测方法。结果　样品 1∶10及 1∶2 0稀释 ,选用灵敏度为 0 .2 5Eu·ml-1的鲎试剂可以检测样品的细菌内毒素。结论　本方法简便、快速、准确 ,可用于注射用哌拉西林钠的细菌内毒素检查。     

盐酸洛美沙星葡萄糖注射液的细菌内毒素检查

目的建立盐酸洛美沙星葡萄糖注射液的细菌内毒素检查方法。方法根据《中国药典》2005版（二部）细菌内毒素检查方法,用不同厂家的鲎试剂对不同批号的样品分别进行干扰试验,建立盐酸洛美沙星葡萄糖注射液的细菌内毒素检查法。结果盐酸洛美沙星葡萄糖注射液稀释至质量浓度为0.25 mg/m l时对细菌内毒素检查无干扰。结论可用细菌内毒素检查法检查盐酸洛美沙星葡萄糖注射液的细菌内毒素。     

盐酸洛美沙星注射液细菌内毒素检查方法的探讨

目的：考察盐酸洛美沙星注射液细菌内毒素检查法的可行性,方法：干扰试验和对比试验。结果：1：8的样品溶液无干扰作用,与家兔法结果一致。结论：将盐酸洛美沙星注射液稀释8倍可用灵敏度为0．5Eu.ml^-1的鲎试剂作细菌内毒素检查。     

鲎试剂法检测注射用美洛西林钠的细菌内毒素

目的　建立注射用美洛西林钠的细菌内毒素检查法。方法　参照中国药典 2 0 0 0年版二部收载的细菌内毒素检查法的要求 ,采用有供试品和无供试品同时测定灵敏度 ,并设立供试品阴性对照 ,对其进行细菌内毒素检测。结果　将注射用美洛西林钠稀释至 5mg·ml-1的溶液 ,用标示灵敏度为 0 .2 5Eu·ml-1的鲎试剂作细菌内毒素检查 ,结果可行。结论　可以用鲎法代替家兔法作控制注射用美洛西林钠的热原检查 ,注射用美洛西林钠的细菌内毒素限值为 0 .0 5Eu·mg-1。     

奥硝唑氯化钠注射液的细菌内毒素检查

目的　考察奥硝唑氯化钠注射液的细菌内毒素检查法。方法　采用不同厂家、不同批号、不同灵敏度的鲎试剂对奥硝唑氯化钠注射液进行干扰试验。结果　奥硝唑氯化钠注射液经 7倍稀释后 ,用λ为 0 .2 5Eu·ml-1的鲎试剂 ,对细菌内毒素检查无干扰。结论　奥硝唑氯化钠注射液的热原检查可以被内毒素检查法取代。     

单硝酸异山梨酯葡萄糖注射液细菌内毒素检查法的研究

目的 建立单硝酸异山梨酯葡萄糖注射液细菌内毒素检查法以替代家兔热原检查法。方法 按中国药典2005年版二部附录细菌内毒素检查方法进行试验。结果 单硝酸异山梨酯葡萄糖注射液2倍稀释后无干扰作用。结论 细菌内毒素检查法可用于单硝酸异山梨酯葡萄糖注射液的热原检查。     

银杏内酯B注射液细菌内毒素检查法的研究

目的探讨银杏内酯B注射液的细菌内毒素检查方法,并与热原检查法比较。方法参照中国药典2005年版细菌内毒素检查法干扰试验的基本原理和检查方法。结果将银杏内酯B注射液稀释成0.2mg·ml-1溶液(100倍稀释),可消除干扰作用。结论本方法简便、快速、准确,可用于银杏内酯B注射液的细菌内毒素检查。     

妥布霉素氯化钠注射液细菌内毒素检查法

目的建立妥布霉素氯化钠注射液细菌内毒素检查方法。方法参照中国药典2000年版二部细菌内毒素检查法要求进行试验。结果该药在稀释4倍后不干扰细菌内毒素试验。结论该药采用细菌内毒素检查法代替热原检查法,方法可行。     

甘露醇注射液细菌的内毒素检查方法的研究

目的：建立甘露醇注射液的细菌内毒素检查法。方法：根据中国药典2000年版二部收载的细菌内毒素检查法的要求进行实验。结果：将甘露醇注射液2倍稀释后可排除干扰因素，用标灵敏工为0．25EU.ml^-1的鲎式剂检测细菌内毒素是有效的。结论：可以用鲎试验法代替家兔法作为医院日常检测甘露醇注射液的热原检查。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.