Experimental Analysis of the Quadriceps Muscle Force and Patello-Femoral Joint Reaction Force for Various Activities

The diagnostic value of arthroscopy was evaluated in 148 patients with acute hemarthrosis and/or instability of the knee. The treatment planned after clinical examination was compared with the treatment given after arthroscopy. Seventy-nine per cent of the patients had ligamentous injuries; 59 per cent of tears were combined with other injuries, and 71 per cent were complete ruptures. Stability testing under anesthesia was most inaccurate for the anterior cruciate ligament, with 13 per cent false positive and 30 per cent false negative results. The planned treatment was altered as a consequence of arthroscopy in 31 per cent of cases. Without arthroscopy, the preoperative diagnoses would have been seriously wrong in 15 per cent of the patients. Twenty per cent of total anterior cruciate ligament ruptures would have been overlooked.     

人工髋关节置换术并发症分析

目的分析人工髋关节置换术的并发症,提出预防措施。方法对106例113髋行人工髋关节置换术,获得随访89例92髋,术后随访时间为2·5~13年。结果出现较多或典型的并发症有:假体松动10例,髋臼磨损7例,髋关节脱位2例,肢体不等长(相差超过0·5cm)11例,下肢深静脉栓塞1例,骨折6例(术中髋臼骨折1例、股骨骨折2例,术后股骨骨折3例),异位骨化1例,关节深部感染1例。结论认为发生并发症的原因与术前准备工作、手术操作、金属假体质量、术后护理、患者个体差异等因素有关。     

Ceramic Bearings for Total Hip Arthroplasty Have High Survivorship at 10 Years

Background  

Ceramic bearings were introduced to reduce wear and increase long-term survivorship of total hip arthroplasty. In a previous study comparing ceramic with metal-on-polyethylene at 5 to 8 years, we found higher survivorship and no osteolysis for the ceramic bearings.     

贯通式髋臼造盖术治疗小儿先天性髋关节脱位

我院１９８８年以来采用自行设计的贯通式髋臼造盖术治疗ＣＤＨ３１例，通过临床实践，我们认为该手术方法比较简单可靠。手术方法为：股骨头复位后，于髋臼外缘凿一２５ｃｍ长方形骨槽，其深度贯通髂骨内板。骨槽方向为前下后上并与水平线成３０°角。从髂骨切取２ｃｍ×３ｃｍ×４ｃｍ梯形骨块，骨块凹面向下，短底边先插入骨槽内然后缓缓击入，直至骨块于髂骨内板穿出为止。用手摇晃嵌插的骨块不动为好。股骨头复位后紧缩缝合关节囊。本文介绍了手术设计思想，手术设计的生物力学合理性，手术要点。本组病例术前髋臼指数平均为３６°，术后为２１°，髋臼形态由斜坡状变为球窝状的变化率为７４％。股骨头覆盖率由术前１９％变为术后８６％，文章强调手术操作的准确性，并同时强调切取骨块要足够大，否则手术易失误     

人工全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变的临床疗效

目的 观察人工全髋关节置换治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变的手术方法和临床效果.方法 对2001年3月至2009年6月26例(31髋)强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变患者行人工全髋关节置换并随访,置换前患者日常活动均明显受限或者严重疼痛,Harris评分平均(43.2±5.8)分,髋关节活动度平均51.8°±9.7°.记录术后末次随访的Harris评分,X线检查结果,观察假体有无松动、脱位及异位骨化. 结果 所有病例得到随访,平均随访24.9(8 ～125)个月.末次随访患者均疼痛消失,步态正常.Harris评分平均(82.4±4.7)分;髋关节活动度平均148.6°±7.4°;髋关节Harris评分及关节活动度均显著高于置换前(P＜0.05).2髋出现异位骨化,为Brooker分级Ⅰ、Ⅲ级.无脱位、骨折及假体松动下沉,无患者进行翻修. 结论 人工全髋关节置换是治疗强直性脊柱炎晚期髋关节病变的有效方法,可以恢复关节功能,缓解关节疼痛并改善患者生活质量.     

Comparison of Postoperative Complications Following Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty With Other Hip Bearings in Medicare Population

Background

The use of metal-on-metal (MoM) hip bearings has declined in the recent years due to strong evidence of their high complication rates and early failure. Hip implants with highly cross-linked polyethylene liners and ceramic bearings have become the modern implants of choice. We sought to determine if MoM implants are associated with higher complication and revision rates when compared to other hip bearings in the Medicare population.

Outcomes of Ceramic Bearings After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty in the Medicare Population

Background

The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcomes of ceramic bearings used in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the Medicare population.

Separation of the Christiansen Prosthetic Components Following Dislocation of Hemiarthroplasty for Hip Fracture

During the period from April 1980 to July 1982 a total of 148 patients with acute femoral neck fractures had primary hemiarthroplasties with the Christiansen trunnion-bearing endoprosthesis. Dislocations occurred in six patients (4 per cent). Five of these required reoperation due to separation of the femoral head in relation to the stem or of the plastic head and the metallic cap of the prosthetic head.     

人工髋关节置换术后翻修原因分析及预防

目的对人工髋关节翻修病例进行回顾性分析,总结经验,以便规范手术操作,提高远期疗效。方法总结自1999~2010年,对78例80髋行全髋关节翻修术,分析翻修原因。初次关节置换类型:全髋关节置换40例,单极股骨头置换12例,双极股骨头置换26例。翻修距初次手术时间:1年内11髋,1～2年6髋,5～10年42髋,10～17年21髋。结果根据本组统计,翻修常见原因依次为假体无菌性松动、髋臼磨损、假体位置不良、术后感染、假肢周围骨折、人工关节脱位及假体断裂,而且其中某些病例失败原因往往存在合并症。结论人工髋关节置换术作为髋关节重建的一种有效方法,其远期疗效有赖于适当的假体及手术方式的选择、正确的手术操作以及出现并发症后的合理治疗。     

全髋关节置换术患者的康复护理

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术前后早期进行科学功能康复训练的效果。方法制定一整套人工全髋关节置换术围手术期功能康复训练程序，掌握训练进度，采取尽早开始、循序渐进、个别对待、随时调整、持之以恒的原则。结果本组68例全髋关节置换术．髋关节功能按Charnley标准评分，疗效判定优31例，良18例，可15例，差4例，优良率72％。结论功能康复训练程序具有康复快、关节功能恢复效果好、并发症少的特点。     

Function After Removal of Various Hip and Thigh Muscles for Extirpation of Tumors

Forty-six patients who had undergone excision of one or more well defined hip and/or thigh muscles because of a soft-tissue tumor or a tumoriform lesion were investigated with respect to the function of the operated limb and the isometric and isokinetic strength of the affected motion or motions, relative to the non-operated side (percentage). Hip flexion: Loss of the iliopsoas caused only slight impairment of function. The flexion strength decreased with increasing flexion of the hip joint. Loss of the rectus femoris reduced the isometric strength by 37 and the isokinetic strength by 17 per cent. Hip abduction: The strength reduction was only about 50 per cent and the impairment of function only slight or moderate even in patients with extensive loss of abductor muscles. Hip adduction: Removal of all three prime adductors (longus, brevis, magnus) caused a strength reduction of about 70 per cent but the impairment of function was only slight or moderate. Hip extension: Loss of the gluteus maximus caused only a small strength reduction and no impairment or only slight impairment of function. Significant strength reduction was only seen when all hamstrings had been removed. Knee extension: Loss of one, two, and three of the quadriceps muscles reduced the isometric strength by 22, 33, and 55 per cent, respectively. The isokinetic strength was reduced somewhat more. The strength reduction usually had to exceed 50 per cent to cause more than slight impairment of function. Knee flexion: Loss of the semitendinosus, the biceps femoris, and all the hamstrings reduced the isometric strength by 24, 28, and 67 per cent, respectively. The isokinetic strength was reduced somewhat less. Loss of one of the hamstrings usually caused no impairment of function whereas loss of all three resulted in moderate impairment of function.     

Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty for Fractured Ceramic Bearings: A Review of Best Practices for Revision Cases

Background

Total hip arthroplasty revision for a fractured ceramic bearing is rare but offers unique challenges. The purpose of this review was to provide a summary of existing literature on fractured ceramic bearings.

Patient-Reported Outcomes After Revision of Metal-on-Metal Total Bearings in Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background

Failure of metal-on-metal (MOM) total hip arthroplasty (THA) bearings is often accompanied by an aggressive local reaction associated with destruction of bone, muscle, and other soft tissues around the hip. Little is known about whether patient-reported physical and mental function following revision THA in MOM patients is compromised by this soft tissue damage, and whether revision of MOM THA is comparable with revision of hard-on-soft bearings such as metal-on-polyethylene (MOP).

Survival of Hard-on-Hard Bearings in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review

Background  

Improvements in prosthetic materials, designs, and implant fixation for THA have led to bearing surface wear being the limitation of this technology. Hard-on-hard bearings promise decreased wear rates and increased survival. However, there may be different survival rates based on bearing materials, manufacturing technologies, and femoral component designs. Additionally, survival rate variability may be based on study design.     

人工髋关节置换术后顽固性疼痛的原因分析及治疗

目的：探讨人工髋关节置换术后顽固性疼痛的原因及治疗。方法：对17例人工髋关节置换术后产生疼痛的患者全部再次行全髋翻修术。结果：全部病例均于术后2周拆线出院，术后3周持双拐下床活动，3个月后均能负重行走，无1例再次出现疼痛。结论：（1）引起疼痛的原因多可概括为：术后感染、假体松动、软骨的磨损和假体颈的长短大小不适等。（2）再次行全髋关节翻修术是解决第一次髋关节术后疼痛的重要方法之一。