Laxité chronique antérieure du genou chez le sportif. À propos de 118 cas

The chronic anterior laxity of the knee is an evolutive disease owing to a rupture of the anterior crossed ligament which engages the functional prognosis of the lower member and compromise sportive activity. Many techniques of ligamentous plasty were described. Our study is about 118 sportsmen suffering from chronic anterior laxity treated by the modified Kenneth-Jones procedure between 1998 and 2002. After a main following-up of 25 months, we tried to value our results and determine the real place of ligamentous plasty using patellar tendon in the treatment of sportsmen chronic anterior laxity.     

MRI和KT-2000对膝关节前交叉韧带损伤早期诊断的临床意义

目的　研究MRI及KT 2 0 0 0对膝关节前交叉韧带损伤早期诊断的作用。方法　 4 2例膝关节前交叉韧带损伤患者分别由 1名专科医师按照膝关节前交叉韧带损伤查体要求进行物理检查 ,同时进行MRI检查和KT 2 0 0 0测量。所有患者在三周内得到确诊 ,并进行关节镜下膝关节前交叉韧带重建手术。结果　查体膝肿胀 38例 ,疼痛 4 2例 ,关节积液 32例 ,Lachman试验阳性 38例。 19例行前抽屉试验检查 ,阳性 12例。MRI显示膝关节前交叉韧带信号异常 ,其中膝关节前交叉韧带连续性中断 9例 ,弥漫性改变 19例 ,信号扭曲、波形变 14例。KT 2 0 0 0检查 :患、健差值 >2 5mm者 33例 ,<2 5mm者 9例。结论　临床检查是膝关节前交叉韧带损伤诊断的重要基础。MRI和KT 2 0 0 0有助于判断膝关节前交叉韧带损伤的范围、部位和对膝关节功能的影响     

Agénésie du ligament croisé antérieur et du ligament croisé postérieur du genou

This case report is an agenesia of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligament of the knee on a young man 35 year old. This malformation is rare and exceptional. The clinic is principally a knee laxity. On the plains radiographics, the diagnostic can be made because there is a hypoplasia or an agenesia of the tibial eminence and a malformation of the femoral intercondylar notch. MRI confirms the diagnostic.     

Three-week joint immobilization increases anterior-posterior laxity without alterations in mechanical properties of the anterior cruciate ligament in the rat knee

BackgroundAlthough knee immobilization may deteriorate the mechanical parameters of the anterior cruciate ligament, such as stiffness and failure strength, it is unknown whether it induces laxity in the whole joint. We examined the effects of immobilization on anterior-posterior joint laxity and mechanical properties of the anterior cruciate ligament, as well as histological and gene expression profiles of the joint capsule in rat knee joints.MethodsUnilateral rat knees were immobilized using an external fixator. Non-immobilized contralateral knees were used as controls. After 3 weeks, anterior-posterior laxity in the whole joint (i.e., a complex of bones, ligaments, and capsule) and stiffness and failure strength in the anterior cruciate ligament were examined using a universal testing machine. Moreover, the knee joint capsule was histologically analyzed, and the expression levels of genes related to collagen turnover in the posterior joint capsule were examined.FindingsJoint immobilization slightly but significantly increased anterior-posterior laxity compared with the contralateral side. Unexpectedly, the stiffness and failure strength of the anterior cruciate ligament were not altered by immobilization. There was no correlation found between anterior cruciate ligament stiffness and anterior-posterior joint laxity. In the posterior joint capsule, thinning of the collagen fiber bundles accompanied by a decrease in COL3A1 gene expression was observed after immobilization.InterpretationThese results suggest that 3 weeks of joint immobilization alters the biomechanical integrity in the knee joint without altering the mechanical properties of the anterior cruciate ligament. Changes in the joint capsule may contribute to the immobilization-induced increase in anterior-posterior laxity.     

Les kystes du ligament croisé antérieur : à propos de 24 cas

The purpose of this study is to present clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of ganglion cysts of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Such cysts are rare and often unsuspected. We reviewed a series of 24 ganglion cysts of the ACL (7 females, 17 males) between 1998 and 2004. The mean age was 45 years old (25–74). All patients presented with knee pain. The mean follow-up was 25 months (6–48). All patients had a preoperative MRI, which confirmed the diagnosis. Seventeen patients had an arthroscopic treatment and 7 were treated with percutaneous aspiration and steroid injection under. Fourteen patients were evaluated with the International knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score. Computed tomography or ultrasound guidance. MRI demonstrated 16 mucoid degenerative cysts of the ACL and 8 well circumscribed ganglion cysts with a fluid collection. The surgical pathology confirmed 13 mucoid cysts and 4 ganglion cysts; 2 recurrences were observed after surgical treatment. After percutaneous aspiration, we observed 3 recurrences, 2 failures and one vascular complication. We observed two types of ACL cysts, which could be differentiated on the MRI. Percutaneous treatment was less reliable than surgical treatment. The percutaneous aspiration should be reserved to the ganglion cysts with fluid collection, while arthroscopy is indicated for the failure cases. We recommend resection for the mucoid cysts. An aggressive resection of the ACL may compromise the knee stability so that the patient must be informed preoperatively. In theses cases, aspiration was often inefficient.     

Changes in knee kinematics from applied external Tibial torque: Implications for stabilizing an anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee

BackgroundChanges in knee kinematics from internal tibial torque under tibiofemoral compression force have been studied, but the potentially stabilizing effects of external tibial torque have not been reported. We hypothesized that for a given knee flexion angle, 1) external torque would significantly reduce anterior tibial translation, internal tibial rotation, and valgus tibial rotation before and after sectioning the anterior cruciate ligament and 2) changes in kinematics from applied external torque would be significantly greater with the cruciate cut.MethodsA robotic test system was used to flex intact human knees continuously from 0° to 50° under 200 N compression, without and with 5 Nm external torque. Tests were repeated after cruciate section.FindingsWith the cruciate intact, external torque had no significant effect on anterior translation, and significantly reduced internal and valgus rotations at all flexion angles. With the cruciate cut, external torque significantly reduced anterior translation beyond 25° flexion, significantly reduced internal rotation at all flexion angles, and significantly reduced valgus rotation beyond 15° flexion. Although external torque had no significant effect on anterior translation with the ACL intact, external torque produced relatively large decreases in anterior translation with the cruciate sectioned (−11.6 mm at 50° flexion). Reductions in valgus rotation from applied external torque were significantly greater for cruciate deficient knees beyond 25° flexion.InterpretationWe conclude that external tibial torque may be important for controlling the abnormal kinematics associated with an anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee, and possibly help stabilize the knee during in vivo activities.     

Knee rotational laxity: an investigation of bilateral asymmetry for comparison with the contralateral uninjured knee

Background

Instability associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury is commonly evaluated against the patient's contralateral knee. The objectives of this study were, therefore, to assess symmetry of rotational knee laxity in vivo under passive torsional loading in uninjured subjects, and to compare mean rotation of this control group with the contralateral, intact knees of anterior cruciate ligament deficient patients.

Methods

Axial knee rotation was measured in 29 patients with unilateral anterior cruciate ligament injury and 15 uninjured age and gender-matched control subjects using an imaging-compatible torsional loading device. Side-to-side differences in internal, external, and range of knee rotation were assessed in the control group and mean bilateral knee rotation was compared to the patients' contralateral knee data at both full extension and 30° of flexion.

Findings

Statistically significant differences in symmetry were found in three of the six measures of transverse plane rotation in the uninjured knees; a mean side-to-side difference of 2.2° in range of rotation was detected in the flexed position. No significant differences were observed between the mean values of the healthy control group and the contralateral knees of the anterior cruciate ligament deficient patients.

Interpretation

Bilateral asymmetry of rotational laxity occurs in healthy individuals. Nevertheless, comparability of rotational knee laxity between the contralateral limbs of patients and the uninjured population was evidence that rotational laxity was not inherent or developed in the contralateral knees of the anterior cruciate ligament deficient participants.     

Reliability of measuring anterior laxity of the knee joint using a knee ligament arthrometer

The purpose of this study was to determine examiner reliability with the use of a knee ligament arthrometer to measure the anterior-posterior (A-P) laxity of the right knee. Two clinicians performed an A-P laxity measurement on 43 healthy, male subjects. The first examiner positioned the arthrometer, recorded the subject's A-P laxity, removed the instrument, and repeated the measurement. A second examiner performed the same procedure. Subsequently, we computed interexaminer, intraexaminer, and intraclass reliability coefficients. Our results indicated relatively high reliability coefficients. We believe a clinician can use the knee ligament arthrometer to obtain objective and reliable measurements of A-P laxity of the knee.     

La rééducation d'emblée des ischiojambiers après chirurgie du DIDT

Introduction

Following knee ligamentoplasty, the task of muscle restoration principally focuses on the hamstrings, which are the only active structure which can protect the graft and prevent detachment. However, specialists generally advise against work on these muscles for a period of 3–6 weeks following semi-tendinosus and gracilis surgery. The hamstrings are thus left resting during this period, which encourages their wasting and tightening.

Objective

Our team, guided by the principles of rehabilitation for muscular problems, has for more than 2 years been strengthening the hamstrings immediately following ligamentoplasty surgery, making use of the semi-tendinous and gracilis. The objective is not only muscle performance and the protection of the graft, but above all encouraging the healing of the semi-tendinous and gracilis in order to align the collagen fibres and improve their mechanical resistance.

Content

It is a single-focus study, continually rolled forward. This protocol was practised on 56 patients, two patients having to withdraw from the programme because of strain problems.

Methodology

During the hospitalisation of the patient, concentric contraction of the knee flexors was engendered using weak resistance operated manually. Later in our rehabilitation centre, our patients exercised in a hamstring « chair », in the eccentric mode below maximum charge, with an increasing load progression. This was done daily up to the sixth week.

Results

Our results, at the 3rd and 6th week post-surgery, showed a favourable change in articular amplitude and pain suffered, with a low rate of complications. Evidence of pain was found in 12.5% of cases (7/56). Of these 7 patients, 2 (3.5%) had incidents involving muscular strain, rendering the interruption of the physiotherapy necessary for more than 3 consecutive days. Isokinetic results carried out at 4.6 ± 0.7 months showed excellent muscular recuperation of the hamstrings with a deficit of 9.6 ± 14% at slow speed and of 6.8 ± 13.1% at fast speed compared with the heterolateral side.

Discussion

The number of painful occurrences in our study, at 12.5%, is lower than the 20% ad higher frequently found in other documented cases. However the definition of these painful occurrences is imprecise. The performance deficit of hamstrings measured by isokinetic tests after 6 months varied between 15 and 20% depending upon the published study. In our study the results at 4.6 months were better (< 10%).

Conclusion

There can no longer be any doubt about the benefits of strengthening the hamstrings in pathologies of an anterior cruciate ligament. Our work has shown that the early strengthening of these muscles is not disadvantageous. On the contrary we believe that our policy promotes the patient's muscular and functional recovery.     

Influence of the tunnel angle in ACL reconstructions on the biomechanics of the knee joint

BACKGROUND: A high tension in anterior cruciate ligament grafts affects both graft and knee functional performance. Clinical observations suggest that impingement of the graft against the posterior cruciate ligament might cause high graft tensions. Also, meniscal injury has been well documented in association with damage in the anterior cruciate ligament. METHODS: In this paper, we present the results obtained in a three-dimensional finite element model of the human knee, corresponding to different aspects of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts. This model was used to investigate the effect of the angle in the coronal plane of femoral and tibial tunnels. Firstly, graft tension was computed in a knee moved from 0 degrees to 60 degrees of flexion and the results were compared with experimental ones obtained by other authors. Secondly, the resulting kinematics under an anterior load of 134 N was compared to that of the intact knee. FINDINGS: The obtained results showed that the closest anterior tibial translation to that of the intact knee was obtained with femoral and tibial tunnels with angles of 60 degrees. In this same case, a lower graft tension was also obtained. The results demonstrated noticeable increases in the meniscal stresses after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. INTERPRETATION: Our results showed that impingement only depends on the femoral tunnel angle. On the contrary, laxity principally depends on the tibial tunnel angle. The angle of the femoral tunnel affects the graft tension while the tibial tunnel affects laxity, meniscal stresses and strains.     

Knee mechanics during landing in anterior cruciate ligament patients: A longitudinal study from pre- to 12 months post-reconstruction

Background

Patients with a history of anterior cruciate ligament rupture are at elevated risk of developing knee osteoarthritis. Altered knee kinematics and kinetics during functional activities have been viewed as risk factors for cartilage breakdown and, therefore, one of the primary goals of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is to restore knee joint function.

Methods

Patients' (n = 18) knee mechanics while performing a single leg hop for distance were calculated for both legs using a soft-tissue artifact optimized rigid lower-body model at the pre-reconstruction state and six and twelve months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Findings

Independent of the analyzed time point the involved leg showed a lower external flexion and adduction moment at the knee, and an increased anterior translation and external rotational offset of the shank with respect to the thigh compared to the uninvolved leg. There were no differences for any of the analyzed knee kinematic and kinetic parameters within the control subject group.

Interpretation

The identified kinematic changes can cause a shift in the normal load-bearing regions of the knee and may support the view that the risk of developing knee osteoarthritis in an anterior cruciate ligament ruptured joint while performing activities involving frequent landing and stopping actions is less likely to be associated with the knee adduction moment and is rather due to kinematic changes. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery failed to restore normal knee kinematics during landing, potentially explaining the persistent risk for the development of knee osteoarthritis in patients who have returned to sports following reconstruction surgery.     

Ostéotomies tibiales de valgisation associées à la ligamentoplastie du ligament croisé antérieur. À propos de 15 cas

The management of patients aged 30 to 50 years and with an anterior knee laxity in ACL tear associated with medial osteoarthritis femorotibial, is very difficult. Recent publications have shown that the combination of an valgus osteotomy and ligamentoplasty of the ACL is possible to halt the progression of osteoarthritis while correcting the laxity of the knee. We report our experience of 15 patients who received a valgus osteotomy associated with the ACL ligamentoplasty.     

Reducing anterior tibial translation by applying functional electrical stimulation in dynamic knee extension exercises: Quantitative results acquired via marker tracking

BackgroundPain that accompanies anterior cruciate ligament deficiency during dynamic knee extension exercises is usually caused by excessive anterior tibial translation, which can be restricted if the anterior cruciate ligament was intact.MethodsA functional electrical stimulator is incorporated with a training device to induce hamstring contractions during certain degrees of knee extension to replicate effects similar to those generated by an intact anterior cruciate ligament and to reduce anterior tibial translation. By using a camera that tracks markers placed on bony prominences of the femur and tibia, the anterior tibial translations corresponding to various settings were determined by customized image processing procedures.FindingsIn the electrical stimulation sessions, the knee extensions with electrical stimulation feedback induced significantly (n = 6, P < .05) less anterior tibial translation over the range of 20 to 50° when compared to those using the standard isokinetic shank restraint. Likewise, the knee extensions with an anti-shear device that blocks tibia displacement mechanically also induced significantly (n = 6, P < .05) less anterior tibial translation, but over a different range of knee extension (30 to 70°).InterpretationDespite the fact that both the electrical stimulator and the anti-shear device assisted in reducing anterior tibial translation, the tendency of the curves generated with the functional electrical stimulation was generally more similar to those generated when using the standard isokinetic shank restraint.     

编制六股腘绳肌腱移植可吸收交叉钉固定关节镜下重建前交叉韧带临床分析

目的 总结关节镜下编制六股腘绳肌腱移植利用可吸收交叉钉固定重建前交叉韧带的方法,探讨其临床效果.方法 2005年3月至2008年6月,对39例前交叉韧带断裂患者在关节镜下采用自体腘绳肌腱六股编制移植重建前交叉韧带,移植物的股骨侧利用可吸收交叉钉固定.合并半月板损伤13例,行半月板缝合4例,部分切除8例,半月板全部切除2例;合并内侧副韧带Ⅲ度损伤4例,Ⅰ期行内侧副韧带修补或止点重建术;无合并后交叉韧带及后外侧角损伤患者.术后随访12～51个月,观察此固定方法的可靠性和术后疗效,以Lvscholm评分和KT-2000检查评价手术前后膝关节功能及稳定性.结果 32例患者获得随访,所有患者均无伸膝受限,膝关节屈膝活动度均>120°.屈膝90°时前抽屉试验均阴性;Lachman试验强阳性1例,阳性5例,阴性26例;膝关节功能Lyscholm评分为(92.6±4.2)分.KT-2000检查结果:31例为0～4.5 min,平均3.2 mm,1例患者关节不稳定,双膝差距6.5mm.结论 采用编制六股腘绳肌腱移植可吸收交叉钉固定关节镜下重建前交叉韧带,可以获得早期的初始稳定性和后期的生物稳定性,是一种可靠的手术方法,临床效果良好.     

Changes in knee motion pattern after anterior cruciate ligament injury - case report

BACKGROUND: After an anterior cruciate ligament injury, the contra-lateral non-injured leg has been found to adapt towards the injured leg. Accordingly, in order to study changes in knee motion pattern after an anterior cruciate ligament injury, the ideal is to compare the same leg prior to and after the injury. However, this is very seldom possible. The purpose of the present study was to describe changes in static and dynamic sagittal tibial translation, electromyographic activity and muscle torque relevant to an anterior cruciate ligament tear in one patient evaluated both before and after the injury. METHODS: A male soccer player was examined 11 weeks before and eight weeks after an anterior cruciate ligament injury. Sagittal tibial translation was measured with the CA-4000 electrogoniometer; statically during Lachman's test, and dynamically during isokinetic muscle testing, one-legged squat and level walking. The electromyographic activity of mm. quadriceps and hamstrings, was registered simultaneously during the one-legged squat test. FINDINGS: Static tibial translation was increased by approximately 2 mm, while dynamic tibial translation was decreased by 0.4 mm at isokinetic testing, 0.9 mm at one-legged squat and 2.4 mm during level walking compared to before the injury. Muscle torque decreased 30% and 35% for the quadriceps and the hamstrings muscle, respectively. The electromyographic activity revealed similar activation levels in quadriceps and a doubled level of activation in hamstring compared to before the injury. INTERPRETATION: In spite of an increase in static tibial translation eight weeks after an anterior cruciate ligament injury, the tibial translation decreased during activity, thus indicating that the patient could stiffen the knee in order to protect it against increased shear forces.     

Cyclic testing of tibialis tendon allografts for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using suture-post versus spiked washer tibial fixation

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to directly compare spiked washer and suture-post tibial-sided fixation techniques used for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by measuring anterior tibial translation during cyclic tests.MethodsFresh-frozen human knees were tested using a robotic system that applied 250 cycles of anterior-posterior tibial force (134 N) at 30° flexion, while recording tibial translation. Ten intact knees were tested to collect baseline data for native specimens. A single knee was selected to test ligament reconstructions using doubled tibialis tendon allografts. All grafts were fixed proximally using an EndoButton™, and the tibial end of the graft was fixed with either a spiked washer or with a suture post placed at two different locations (near and distant) relative to the tibial tunnel.FindingsMean first cycle translation for intact knees was 4.8 (sd 1.8) mm; means after reconstruction were 2.6 (sd 0.9) mm (spiked washer), 10.1 (sd 1.9) mm (suture post near), and 10.4 (sd 1.5) mm (suture post distant). Corresponding means for translation increase over 250 cycles were 0.3 (sd 0.2) mm, 3.6 (sd 1.3) mm, 7.2 mm (sd 0.9) mm, and 8.0 (sd 1.3) mm. All mean increases (first cycle and cyclic) after ACL reconstruction were significantly greater than those for the intact knees, and all means with a suture post were significantly greater than those with a spiked washer. There were no significant differences between mean translations for near and distant suture post locations.InterpretationUse of suture post fixation for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is questioned since increases in anterior tibial translation could lead to excessive post-operative knee laxity and possibly early clinical failure.     

novel Award Second Prize Paper. Functional monitoring during rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

OBJECTIVE: It was hypothesized that testing of ambulatory function and more demanding activities were more appropriate predictors of dynamic knee function before and after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament than conventional measures of functional evaluation. It was assumed that assessment of dynamic plantar pressure distribution would represent a practical tool for guidance of the rehabilitation process after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. DESIGN: In a prospective study, 10 patients with isolated anterior cruciate deficiency were examined before and after replacement of the anterior cruciate (6, 12, 24 weeks) in a standardized technique. BACKGROUND: Today, functional assessment following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction relies on clinical examination supplemented by instrumented testing of knee laxity and on isokinetic evaluation of muscle performance. Gait analysis has not been used as a quantitative measure of rehabilitation progress after surgery. METHODS: All patients were subjected to the same physiotherapy protocol. The clinical results were documented using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) protocol and the degree of knee laxity by an instrumented anterior drawer test. Muscular performance was evaluated by isokinetic testing. Dynamic pedography (EMED-SF 4) was performed to compare the non-injured and the operated leg during level walking and while descending stairs. RESULTS: Gait performance six weeks after surgery tended to be inferior to preoperative and late postoperative values. While the slight increase of maximum knee extensor torque in the operated leg and the improvement of the IKDC score during the rehabilitation period were not statistically significant, a significantly decreased gait asymmetry could be observed 12 weeks after surgery. The descending stairs test revealed functional deficits better than level walking. The latter test exhibited a strong correlation with the preoperative IKDC level and the maximum knee extensor deficit at 60 degrees /s. CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic pedography during level walking and while descending stairs is a valuable tool for monitoring the rehabilitation process after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. RELEVANCE: Due to the better resolution of functional deficits compared with indirect measures of function (isokinetic testing) assessment of the plantar pressure distribution may provide a more individualized adaptation for the rehabilitation program.     

La reconstruction du ligament croisé antérieur aux tendons ischiojambiers chez les sportifs de haut niveau. Étude prospective de 30 cas

Introduction

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using hamstring graft under arthroscopy makes it possible to restore the stability of the knee allowing an early resumption of the sport. Our study aims to determine in the high level sportsmen; clinical, organic and therapeutic characteristics through the revision of a clinical series, analyzed about literature.

Material and methods

It is about a prospective Moroccan study of 30 high-level sportsmen having profited from an ACL ligamentoplasty under arthroscopy. All the patients were re-examined with three years the average retreat. Our patients was level 7 of Tegner and 30% of them were professional footballers. The therapeutic time was three years on average. The intervention proceeded under arthroscopy using hamstring graft, the fixation was ensured by screw in femur and another screw associated with staples with barbs in tibia. The protocol of rehabilitation early and was adapted to the practiced sport.

Results

The average follow up was three years. According to the quotation of Lysholm, we noted 86% from goods and excellent results, 10% of average results and 4% of bad results. According to objective score of International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), we noted 43% of classified patients rank A, 51% of rank B, and 6% of rank C. To the KT-1000, average differential laxity was of 1.8 mm. The average time of resumption of the competition was six months.

Discussion

The use of hamstring graft for the petitioning high level sportsman salary of an early recovery, gave us satisfaction in spite of residual laxity. In our study, the average time of resumption of the competition was six months. These results are encouraging compared to the remainder of the studies published where the resumption of the competition is recommended between sixth and the tenth month, some is the transplant used.     

Neuromuscular training improves knee proprioception in athletes with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundAthletes exhibit deficits in knee proprioception following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Neuromuscular training programs improve knee proprioception in uninjured athletes; however, the effects on knee proprioception in athletes who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a neuromuscular training program on knee proprioception in athletes who have returned to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.MethodsTwenty-four male athletes, who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction within the previous 6–12 months and returned to sport, participated in this randomized controlled trial. Athletes were randomly allocated to an experimental group (n = 12) that took part in an 8-week neuromuscular training program or a control group (n = 12) that simply continued their typical training routine. Knee position sense was assessed at baseline and after the 8-week period (post-testing). One-way analysis of covariance, with baseline performance included as a covariate, was used to compare knee position sense errors for the reconstructed limbs of the experimental and control groups at the post-testing time point.FindingsKnee position sense errors decreased by 51.7% for the experimental group and only 4.4% for the control group over the 8-week period. As a result, the experimental group demonstrated lower knee position sense errors, compared to the control group, at the post-testing time point (P < .001).InterpretationAthletes with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may benefit from participation in a neuromuscular training program, even after completing post-operative rehabilitation.     

自体腘绳肌双束重建膝前交叉韧带21例

背景：传统的前交叉韧带重建为单束重建,不能改善膝关节的旋转不稳定性和本体感觉。目的：观察关节镜下采用自体腘绳肌腱双束重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效。方法：选择前交叉韧带损伤患者,重建前磁共振检查均报道有前交叉韧带损伤。采用自体腘绳肌双束4隧道重建前交叉韧带。结果与结论：前交叉韧带重建后随访≥3个月。KT-2000测量结果显示重建后双侧膝关节前向松弛度差较重建前减小（P〈0.05）,Lachman试验检测结果显示重建后Lachman试验和轴移试验阳性率下降（P〈0.05）。国际膝关节功能评分分级评定结果显示,21例患者恢复至伤前运动水平（P〈0.01）,结果证实,采用自体腘绳肌腱双束重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效较好。