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1.
Introduction
The maximal running velocity (VIFT) reached at the end of the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Tests (30-15IFT) is very well related to most physiologic determinants of team-sport performance: explosive power of lower limbs, speed, maximal aerobic power and the ability to recover between exercise bouts. Nevertheless, its relationship with repeated sprint ability (RSA) was unknown.Synthesis of the facts
Present results in 84 team-sport athletes show that VIFT is very well related to mean sprint time during a RSA test (p > 0.001).Conclusion
We conclude that VIFT is highly representative of most physiologic determinants of performance in team-sports, and could thus been used to monitor athletic performance of team-sport players. 相似文献2.
Goal
The aim of this study was to test the relation between the reactive power and the stiffness of the legs in high trained athletes (sprinters and skiing racers).Method
A simple method to measure, in field conditions, the leg stiffness during maximal bouncing was used on twenty-eight sprinters, and twenty-nine skiing racers. In addition, the mechanical power called reactive power was calculated according to the method proposed by Bosco. The relationship between stiffness and power was observed in the different groups.Results
The value of stiffness obtained was 29,866 ± 7372 N.m−1. The power was equal to 52.33 ± 8,72 W.kg−1. The main result of this study was that a relation between stiffness and power was obtained only in the sprinters (r2 = 0,68, P < 0,001). This result stressed the influence of the sport speciality on the stiffness control.Conclusion
The power measured during maximal bouncing, called reactive power is correlated with the leg's stiffness when subjects are trained to produce power in similar conditions. No correlation was obtained in skiing racers. The stiffness measurement was then a complementary test in the physical evaluation of the athletes. 相似文献3.
Purpose
The effects of vitamins and minerals complex supplementation on maximal voluntary contraction decrease (FMV) and biological markers following an eccentric exercise at old people.Method
Sixteen elderly subjects took either placebo (Pl group) or vitamins and minerals (Isoxan Senior, NHS, Rungis, France) (group S) for 21 d before an eccentric exercise and for 3 d after the exercise. The FMV and surface EMG activity (RMS) of the vastus lateralis (VL), vastus médialis (VM) and rectus fémoris (RF) were recorded before (Pre), immediately after (Post), 24 h (Post 24) and 48 h (Post 48) after the exercise. CCVThe creatine kinase (CK), lactate déshydrogénase, malondialdéhyde, and tumor necrosis Factor (TNFα) levels were analyzed.Results
The reduced MVC (S: 11,2 ± 4,8%; Pl: 17,8 ± 10,4%, P < 0,01) after exercise was associated with a significant reduction in RMS VL, RMS VM and RMS RF values for both groups. A faster FMV recovery appeared at 48 h for the S group (P < 0.05). CK and TNFα values increased in post-exercise.Conclusion
A dietary supplementation of a vitamin and mineral complex does not attenuate the loss of contractile function immediately after the running exercise, and it may accelerate the recovery of maximal force capacity after 48 h by limiting the post-exercise pro-inflammatory processes. 相似文献4.
Aim
The aim of the study was to compare aerobic and anerobic abilities of prepubertal children and adults with the critical power concept.Methods
Sixteen children (10.3 ± 0.9 years) and 15 adults (23.5 ± 3.6 years) performed five tests: a maximal-graded test and four constant load exercises until exhaustion. Critical power (CP) and anaerobic-work capacity (CTA) were determined from the power-1/time (P-t) linear relationship.Results
Determination coefficients for P-t were 0.94 ± 0.05 in children and 0.96 ± 0.04 in adults. PC values were significantly (p < 0.01) lower in children (2.7 ± 0.4 W/kg) than in adults (3.1 ± 0.3 W/kg). CTA values were significantly (p < 0.001) lower in children (136.4 ± 50.8 J/kg) than in adults (247.1 ± 45.7 J/kg).Conclusion
Satisfying determination coefficients for CP and CTA were found in children and adults. Children have a lower CP and CTA than adults. This result is in accordance with literature. 相似文献5.
Objective
The aim of this study was to elaborate and validate a specific test to evaluate the physical condition of judo players.Subjects and methods
Twenty-three volunteers, males, aged 22 ± 3.62 years old took part in our experiment. They did the progressive test of Leger et al. (1984), vertical Jump test (Sargent test), Australian shuttle run test and a specific judo test.Results
The observed results showed significant correlations between muscular power and the number of Uchi-komi on the judo test reference scale (R = 0.52, P < 0.01). Furthermore, there were other correlations between the number of Uchi-komi at the two first sets of specific judo test and the anaerobic power represented by the distance covered in 30s at the Australian shuttle test (R = 0.86, P < 0.01), also between the anaerobic capacity represented by the whole distance covered and the total number of Uchi-komi achieved at the judo test (R = 0.88, P < 0.01).Conclusion
The test reproduces the physiological characteristics of judo fight. It is a good indicator of the judoka's physical fitness and their cardiovascular adaptation in a physical effort. 相似文献6.
Aim
To determine the effect of a preexercise hyperventilation (HV) on performance measured during the Wingate test.Protocol
Seven subjects realized the Wingate test whether in normal condition or after the realization of six maximal respiration cycles realized in 30 s. Gas exchanges were recorded breath by breath throughout the test.Results
Pic power measured during the test was not significantly different after HV. In opposite, the fatigability index (FI) was significantly higher after HV.Conclusion
A HV does not affect maximal power, but seems to reduce aerobic contribution, which may explain the higher FI observed after HV. 相似文献7.
8.
Introduction
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of endurance training on IGF-1, corticosterone and insulin levels in male sedentary and trained rats.Facts
IGF-1 concentrations decrease after training (p < 0.05), those of corticosterone increase (p < 0.01) whereas insulin levels remain stable.Conclusion
A short period of endurance training leads to catabolic state with a decrease in IGF-1 concentrations and increase in corticosterone levels. 相似文献9.
Aims
Study was to analyze the relationship between oxygen uptake and power output in amateur cyclists before and after threshold corresponding to a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol/l.Methods
We evaluated 109 subjects and they were divided according to age, cycling speciality, level and period. Each subject performed an incremental exercise test (50 W per 3 min) until exhaustion on an electromagnetically braked cycloergometer. Gas exchange data were continuously analyzed and recorded using an automated breath by breath system. Mean values of oxygen uptake were taken during the last minute of each stage in order to build and calculate the regression equations.Results
The total sample presents an oxygen–kinetic deflection after lactate threshold, with the slope before threshold significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the slope after threshold. This indicates an absence of linearity. Considering the level, the slope and intercept before threshold of the national group presented significantly lower values than regional cyclists. For speciality, the slope before threshold is significantly lower in mountain bike group compared to road. Slope's analyse before and after lactate threshold could present complementary criteria for a good discrimination in comparison with classic concepts used during an incremental exhaustive test. 相似文献10.
Introduction
The objective of the study is to measure the evolution of the anthropometric and physical parameters in young elite rugby players during one rugby league season.Results
This study shows an enhancement of the aerobic and lactic anaerobic performances in the first six months of the preparation. Therefore, these aptitudes decrease in April. There is no modification of the lactic anaerobic performance during the season.Conclusion
This study shows the difficulty to organise the training planification during the winter period for the elite players. The reason for the rugby league season fatigue has yet to be defined and will be the purpose of a future study. 相似文献11.
12.
Aims
This article reviews the actual knowledge about the use of compression tights and stockings and their effects on muscle haemodynamics during exercise.Current knowledge
Some questions are still remaining regarding repeated muscular exercise-induced deleterious effects on veins' shears and valves. These effects can be diminished with the use of compression tights or stockings, in order to enhance venous function and improve muscle haemodynamics.Points of view and plans
The use of compression tights in running activity does not seem to directly enhance the performance per se, but has an effect on muscle function during and after an exercise. This could in part account for a possible decrease in recovery times. Further studies are needed to evaluate the positive effects of these tights during and after an exercise.Conclusion
Regarding venous function and muscle haemodynamics the use of compression tights is beneficial. However, in order to avoid high pressure deleterious effects, healthy subjects' vascular physiology has to be taken into account when developing compression tights. 相似文献13.
Subject
The use of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry technique (FT-IR) as a pitch technique of the biological control of short and intense exercises close to those of Rugby matches.Material and method
In reference to 28 rugbymen of international level, the biological results of three short and intense exercises and two periods of recovery were analyzed by TF-IR. The exercises are: (1) sprints; (2) 12 × 20 m of swerve running; (3) 6 × 30 s of shuttle run.Results
Lactate, glucose, urea, and to a lesser degree, triglycerides showed a significant evolution. If the evolution of the two first was in conformity with the literature, the increase of urea probably results from the activation of the purins–nucleotides cycle, whereas the evolution of triglycerides is explained by their probable muscular use during periods of active recovery. Among proteins related to the healthy sportsman, only haptoglobin presents a significant variation difficult to explain whereas CRP, orosomucoid and immunoglobulins A, G and M remain close to their rest values.Conclusion
With the use of FT-IR technique, it is possible to intervene directly on the pitches of the sporting practice to control the biological incidences and to adjust the loads individually. It is also possible to detect inflammatory and immunological problems related to the biomechanical and physiological stresses. 相似文献14.
Aims
To elaborate a physical activity questionnaire for school children aged between 6 and 10 years (QAPE-semaine) and to study the psychometric properties (face validity, acceptability, test-retest reproducibility, criterion validity).Methods
The questionnaire measures physical activities at school, during leisure-time and other activities. Three scores are calculated: variety of physical activities, intensity and sedentary. The questionnaire was pre-tested to study the content validity, and was administered twice to 185 children from two elementary schools. The validity was studied by comparing the results of the questionnaire outcomes with a one day-recall (QAPE-hier) filled out in two occasions (to measure activities during a non school-day and a school-day). The statistic used was the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).Results
The QAPE-semaine was acceptable. The ICC for the reproducibility of variety of physical activities, intensity and sedentary scores were 0.54, 0.47 and 0.68, respectively; and 0.54, 0.56 and 0.64 for the criterion validity of variety of physical activities, intensity and sedentary scores, respectively. All the ICC were significant (P < 0.0001).Conclusion
The psychometric properties of the QAPE-semaine are satisfactory (moderate to good). Its administration in classes with school professor's help seems however essential. 相似文献15.
Objectives
The aim of our work was to determine the frequency of various cardiovascular abnormalities and atypical aspects observed in Tunisian competitive athletes.Material and methods
Our population was constituted of 181 professional football players (average age 23.1 ± 3.9 years) consulted in “Centre National de la Médecine et des Sciences de Sport” of Tunis with to obtain medical certificate authorizing professional football practice.Results
Electrocardiogram was strictly normal in 67 players (37%). Twenty-nine players had conduction abnormalities. Repolarisation abnormalities were noted in 20 players. Echocardiography was normal in 129 players (71.3%). Ten cases of valvular heart disease were found. The mean left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was 53 ± 4 mm and the mean left ventricular mass was 202.6 ± 42.7 g. The mean relative wall thickness was 0.380. The left ventricular hypertrophy was present in 42 players.Conclusion
Cardiovascular abnormalities found in electrocardiogram and echocardiography in the Tunisian professional football players are comparable with those usually observed in elite athletes. 相似文献16.
Aim
The aim of this review was to state the use of critical power concept at different populations and to summarize studies reported data in order to highlight its interest for the aerobic abilities assessement.Conclusion
The critical power determination is based on times to exhaustion at different exercise intensities. The synthesis of several studies showed that this concept allows to discriminate populations relatively to their aerobic abilities. This is confirmed by its correlation to maximal oxygen uptake and ventilatory threshold in age and fitness different populations. 相似文献17.
Aims
Several studies have shown that women, when they exercise at a given percentage of their aerobic capacity, oxidize more fat than men, thus saving their protein and glycogen stores. We wanted to characterize these differences in terms of levels of transition of balance of substrate oxidation and maximum lipid oxidation flow rate (MLOFR) during exercise.Methods
Three groups (61 athletes, 196 sedentary and 47 type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM], in whom, men and women were matched for age, BMI and physical activity, performed a sub-maximal exercise test with four 6 min steady state steps for measurement of lipid and carbohydrate oxidation by indirect calorimetry. In all three groups MLOFRs are the same in both sexes (2 to 3 mg min−1 kg−1), but among athletes and sedentary women have a curve of oxidation of lipids shifted to the right, a crossover point of use of substrates (PCX, the power for which energy comes mainly from carbohydrates) occurring at a 10–15% higher percentage of VO2max (p < 0.01). In DT2 this shift is no longer significant. The point of maximal lipid oxidation (Lipoxmax) also occurs at a higher percentage of VO2max (athletes: 44.27 ± 15.97% theoretical VO2max versus 31.25 ± 15.66% in men, p < 0.001; sedentary: 50.29 ± 18.66% among women versus 36.75 ± 15.22% in men, p < 0.01; for T2DM these levels (42.8 ± 2.4 to 39.8 ± 3.7%) are not significantly different.Conclusion
Gender-related differences are found on carefully matched subgroups, but are far to be major. They reflect a right shift by 10 to 15% of the curve of lipid oxidation as a function of VO2max, while rates of oxidation at the Lipoxmax do not differ between genders. In other words, women do not oxidize more lipids at exercise, but their ability to oxidize them reaches a maximum at a higher percentage of VO2max. This discrepancy seems to disappear in T2DM. 相似文献18.
Aims
Authors report their personal experience on the surgical treatment of repeated anterior shoulder dislocations, using an anterior bone block in accordance with the procedure suggested by Didier Patte.Results
From the year 1988 and during 10 years, 35 patients suffering from repeated anterior shoulder dislocations were surgically treated by this procedure. It was appropriate to retrospectively review the clinical and functional outcomes after Patte repair for recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. The mean follow-up was approximately 10 years, with a mean percentage of 75% for the observance. There was no recurrence after surgery. Moreover, 88% of patients had good outcomes, according to the scale suggested by Butel et al., with total resumption of work and physical activities. The occurrence of chronic complication such as osteoathrosis was scarce (only one case for the series), while 20% of subjects showed apprehension during some specific shoulder movements.Conclusion
In order to expect best functional outcomes, the choice of the surgical procedure should take into account the extent of initial injury. Considering these ground requirements, the Patte procedure seems to provide very satisfactory long-term functional outcomes. 相似文献19.
Aims
We aimed to define a mathematical model allowing to foresee the level of a cyclist.Methods
One hundred (and) six cyclists were classified according to their level and some of their physiological characteristics were measured with the threshold (4 mmol of lactate) and with the maximum values of their oxygen flow.Results
To the threshold, power, lactatemy, age and size allow to foresee the level with an error rate of 27% ; to the maximum values, the criteria are development, flow in oxygen, lactatemy and age (error rate of 31%).Conclusion
These results indicate that our mathematical model allows to envisage the level. 相似文献20.