锁骨下动脉闭塞支架植入术

锁骨下动脉闭塞引起有椎-基底动脉供血不足、患侧肢体缺血表现等,如共济失调、眩晕、运动时出现肢体疼痛、麻木、乏力、苍白等。目前主要采用血管内支架成形术,当病变完全闭塞或接近锁骨下动脉和椎动脉开口时可考虑选择外科手术治疗。本病例闭塞近心端过短、闭塞时间长,按目前的腔内治疗和外科手术方法,风险大,我们采用长鞘衬管技术、双向造影/双向导丝打通技术成功进行了腔内支架植入术。     

锁骨下动脉闭塞血管内再通治疗的可行性分析

目的 探讨慢性锁骨下动脉闭塞血管内再通治疗的可行性、安全性与有效性.方法 回顾性分析2014年1月-2018年6月首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经介入中心收治的慢性锁骨下动脉完全闭塞且存在病变侧上肢远端肢体乏力等缺血症状或明确诊断为锁骨下动脉盗血综合征(subclavian steal syndrome,SSS)患者的...     

锁骨下动脉闭塞再通的介入治疗

目的探讨介入治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞的安全性和疗效。方法回顾性分析32例锁骨下动脉闭塞病变患者行介入治疗的临床资料。应用导丝、球囊扩张及支架置入的方法经股动脉顺行穿刺和经桡动脉逆行穿刺进行开通。结果 30例开通成功,失败2例,成功率93.75%(30/32),开通的30例患者症状、体征明显改善。介入治疗后患肢血压明显提高,患/健侧收缩压比由术前(0.68±0.12)mmHg提高至术后(0.98±0.15)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(t=8.585,P0.01)。30例患者中26例术后随访3~50个月,2例术后出现再狭窄,再狭窄率为6.7%(2/30)。结论介入治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞病变是一种安全、有效的办法,可作为治疗的首选。     

慢性颈总动脉闭塞血管内开通治疗的临床分析

目的探讨血管内开通治疗颈总动脉闭塞的技术要点、安全性及近期疗效。方法2010年12月至2013年1月血管内开通治疗颈总动脉8例。结果8例血管内开通均获得成功,术后即刻灌注明显改善,近期随访未再发生缺血性卒中。结论血管内开通是治疗颈总动脉安全而有效的方法,短中期结果令人满意。     

急性锁骨下动脉闭塞1例

急性锁骨下动脉闭塞较罕见,现将我们收治的1例报告如下.     

经皮血管内成形术及支架置入术治疗锁骨下动脉狭窄及闭塞性疾病

我院自2000年3月至2007年12月对25例锁骨下动脉（subclavian artery）狭窄或闭塞患者进行了锁骨下动脉成形术，取得了满意的效果，现总结如下。     

血管内支架成形术治疗症状性锁骨下动脉重度狭窄临床研究

研究背景锁骨下动脉狭窄主要临床表现为锁骨下动脉盗血综合征,血管内支架成形术为其主要治疗方法,本文旨在探讨症状性锁骨下动脉重度狭窄血管内支架成形术的疗效和安全性。方法回顾分析2012年6-11月经血管内支架成形术治疗20例症状性锁骨下动脉重度狭窄患者的临床资料。结果所有患者支架植入均获成功,术后全脑血管造影提示锁骨下动脉残余狭窄率<20%,椎动脉呈顺向血流,锁骨下动脉盗血现象完全消失,同侧椎动脉颅内段血流通畅,临床症状改善;术后无一例出现支架相关性手术并发症。术后10天至6个月时,血管超声及CTA检查未见支架内再狭窄,血管形态良好、血流通畅。结论血管内支架成形术治疗症状性锁骨下动脉重度狭窄是一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方法。     

股动脉及桡动脉双入路再通锁骨下动脉闭塞的临床研究

目的探讨症状性锁骨下动脉闭塞的股动脉及桡动脉双入路介入再通的方法及疗效。方法分析首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院2012年10月至2013年5月症状性锁骨下动脉闭塞股动脉及桡动脉双入路进行血管腔内球囊扩张及支架植入术的临床资料。结果研究共入选10例患者,双入路介入再通均获得成功,未出现近期手术并发症,随访15 d至6个月,经血管彩超及颅外血管计算机断层扫描血管成像(computed tomography angiography,CTA)检查均显示血流通畅良好,未发现病变部位再狭窄。结论对于股动脉及桡动脉双入路再通锁骨下动脉闭塞,血管腔内球囊扩张支架植入术是一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方法,手术操作简单,患者症状改善快且明显,可成为主要的治疗手段。     

股动脉及桡动脉双入路再通锁骨下动脉闭塞的临床研究

目的探讨症状性锁骨下动脉闭塞的股动脉及桡动脉双入路介入再通的方法及疗效。方法分析首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院2012年10月至2013年5月症状性锁骨下动脉闭塞股动脉及桡动脉双入路进行血管腔内球囊扩张及支架植入术的临床资料。结果研究共入选10例患者,双入路介入再通均获得成功,未出现近期手术并发症,随访15d至6个月,经血管彩超及颅外血管计算机断层扫描血管成像（computed tomography angiography,CTA）检查均显示血流通畅良好。未发现病变部位再狭窄。结论对于股动脉及桡动脉双入路再通锁骨下动脉闭塞,血管腔内球囊扩张支架植入术是一种徽创、安全、有效的治疗方法＋手术操作简单,患者症状改善快且明显,可成为主要的治疗手段。     

锁骨下动脉支架术后闭塞再通1例报道

正1病例介绍患者,男性,57岁,主因"头痛、头晕2.5年,加重半个月"于2013年4月25日入院,患者于2.5年前(2010年8月)无明显诱因出现头痛、头晕,头痛以后枕部钝痛为主,不伴视物旋转,无恶心呕吐,无明显肢体麻木无力,于当地医院行颅脑计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)未见明显异常,测双侧血压不一致(具体数值不详),继而行头颈     

Long-term outcome of endovascular therapy for acute basilar artery occlusion

The long-term functional outcome of acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) patients who received modern endovascular therapy (EVT) is unclear. We sought to assess the long-term functional outcome of BAO patients treated with EVT and determine the prognostic factors associated with favorable outcome. We enrolled consecutive BAO patients who received EVT between December 2012 and December 2018 in this observational study. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were presented. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the prognostic factors associated with long-term outcome. Among the 177 BAO patients included in this study, 80 patients (45.2%) obtained favorable outcome and 97 patients (54.8%) had unfavorable outcome at long-term follow-up with a median observation time of 12 months (interquartile range, 3–19). A total of 67 patients (37.9%) died. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), posterior circulation Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (pc-ASPECTS), time from stroke onset to recanalization, and recanalization condition were identified as independent predictors for long-term outcome. Over 40% of BAO patients who were treated with modern EVT achieved favorable outcome at long-term follow-up. NIHSS, pc-ASPECTS, time from stroke onset to recanalization, and recanalization condition were identified as independent prognostic factors of long-term outcome.     

Recanalization of extracranial internal carotid artery occlusion A 12-year retrospective study*

This study aimed to summarize therapy experience of carotid endarterectomy, carotid endarterec-tomy combined with Fogarty catheter embolectomy, and hybrid surgery for the treatment of extrac-ranial internal carotid artery occlusion. The study included 65 patients with extracranial internal ca-rotid artery occlusion who underwent carotid endarterectomy, carotid endarterectomy combined with Fogarty catheter embolectomy, or hybrid surgery in the Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China between January 2006 and December 2012. Prior to surgery, all patients underwent perfusion CT or xenon CT to evaluate the occlusion. The procedure for each patient was chosen according to digital subtraction angiography data. The carotid artery was successfully recanalized in 46 of 51 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy, 9 of 10 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy combined with Fogarty catheter embolectomy, and 3 of 4 patients who underwent hybrid surgery. In patients with symptomatic carotid artery occlusion, the carotid artery can be recanalized by choosing a treatment procedure based on imaging ex-amination findings.     

载瘤动脉闭塞术治疗大脑后动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的 探索载瘤动脉闭塞术治疗大脑后动脉夹层动脉瘤的安全性和有效性.方法 回顾性分析应用载瘤动脉闭塞治疗的大脑后动脉夹层动脉瘤患者23例.动脉瘤均位于大脑后动脉P2段或以远部位.临床随访应用GOS评分.结果 23例患者手术均成功,无器械相关的并发症.其中4例术后出现并发症:再出血1例,轻偏瘫1例,偏盲2例.载瘤动脉完全闭塞的患者术后即刻造影显示动脉瘤和载瘤动脉完全闭塞.行姑息性闭塞治疗的5例中,1例死于术后再出血,其余4例随访DSA均显示动脉瘤有增大或复发.结论 载瘤动脉闭塞术对于大脑后动脉P2段及以远的夹层动脉瘤治疗是安全有效的.     

Simulation study on therapeutic vertebral artery occlusion for VA-PICA giant aneurysm

Abstract

We investigated haemodynamic effects of therapeutic vertebral artery (VA) occlusion on giant aneurysms at the bifurcation of the VA-posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). An hydraulic model of the human vertebro-basilar artery was manufactured from glass and silicone tubes. Class-spheres 2.5 cm in diameter were placed at the bifurcation as model aneurysms with respective distances of 8.5, 7.5, 6.5 and 5.5 mm between the VA union and aneurysmal neck. A 40% glycerol solution was perfused in this system and the half-life of the dye injected into aneurysms was regarded as an index of intra-aneurysmal stagnation. Flow conditions in aneurysms depended on the presence or absence of the effect of contralateral VA flow as well as the PICA flow. The half-life increased significantly after VA occlusion proximal to the PICA when the aneurysmal neck was more than 7.5 mm away from the VA union and PICA flow volume was less than 12 ml min^–1 The half-life in aneurysms located within 6.5 mm from the union changed little after VA occlusion regardless of the PICA flow volumes. The haemodynamic simulation study would be helpful in speculating on the efficacy of this treatment. [Neurol Res 1994; 16: 100-103]     

Endovascular treatment combined with vertebral artery endarterectomy for patients with acute tandem vertebrobasilar artery occlusion

PurposeTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment combined with vertebral artery endarterectomy in patients with acute tandem vertebrobasilar artery occlusion.MethodsFrom April 2017 to March 2019, three patients with acute basilar artery occlusion combined with ostial vertebral occlusion in our institution were enrolled in the study. They underwent endovascular treatment combined with vertebral artery endarterectomy. The clinical, technical and functional outcomes of the patients were retrospectively analysed.ResultsAll three patients in the study underwent complete recanalization. The modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) grade was 2b/3 in all patients. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was 0–2 for the three patients at 3 months. Follow-up CT scans revealed no cerebral haemorrhage, and no patients died during follow-up. All patients achieved good clinical outcomes after the combined treatment.ConclusionEndovascular treatment combined with vertebral artery endarterectomy is a feasible method to treat patients with acute basilar artery occlusion combined with ostial vertebral occlusion, especially when the guidewire cannot pass through the ostium of the dominant vertebral artery occlusion.     

Chronic remote ischemic conditioning for symptomatic internal carotid or middle cerebral artery occlusion: A prospective cohort study

AimsRemote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has been demonstrated to reduce recurrent stroke in patients with intracranial artery stenosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of RIC in patients with the symptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion.MethodsThis study is based on a high‐volume single‐center prospective cohort study in China, which included patients with symptomatic ICA or MCA occlusion with impaired hemodynamics and receiving chronic RIC. Clinical follow‐up visits were performed regularly, and cardio‐cerebrovascular events were assessed.ResultsIn total, 131 patients (68 with ICA occlusion and 63 with MCA occlusion; mean age, 52.6 ± 13.7 years; stroke, 73.5%; transient ischemic attack TIA, 26.5%) qualified for the analysis; the mean follow‐up period was 8.8 years (range, 3–14 years). The compliance of RIC was 95.6 ± 3.7%, and no associated severe adverse events happened. The annual risk of ischemic stroke and ischemic cerebrovascular events was 2.4% and 3.3%, respectively. The cumulative probabilities of ischemic cerebrovascular events and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were 32.8% and 44.8% at 14 years, respectively.ConclusionIn patients with symptomatic ICA or MCA occlusion with impaired hemodynamics, chronic RIC is well‐tolerated, and it appears to be associated with a low annual risk of ischemic stroke and cardio‐cerebrovascular events.     

脑供血动脉闭塞与颅内动脉瘤形成关系的初步分析

目的初步评价脑供血动脉闭塞与颅内动脉瘤发生之间的关系。方法本研究分析了8例脑供血动脉闭塞伴有颅内动脉瘤患者的临床资料。结果8例患者中单侧颈内动脉闭塞7例,双侧颈内动脉及一侧椎动脉同时闭塞1例。8例患者共检出动脉瘤11枚,多发动脉瘤患者3例,所有动脉瘤均位于Willis环,其中9枚动脉瘤采用了血管内栓塞治疗,致密栓塞5例,本组病例未发生技术相关并发症。I临床随访9个月～14年,提示所有患者出院后病情稳定,无新发神经功能缺损。结论脑供血动脉闭塞后代偿血管的血流动力学变化与颅内动脉瘤的生成密切相关。     

Essen卒中风险评估量表对脑梗死患者颅内动脉狭窄的预测价值

目的探讨Essen卒中风险评估量表(ESRS)对脑梗死患者颅内动脉狭窄的预测价值。方法选取157例中国缺血性卒中亚型(CISS)分型为大动脉粥样硬化性和穿支动脉病的急性脑梗死患者。根据ESRS评分,将患者分为低危组、高危组及极高危组。对患者行颅内血管检查(CTA/MRA)评估血管狭窄情况。结果根据ESRS评分,将患者分为低危组68例、高危组72例、极高危组17例。随着ESRS等级上升,颅内动脉狭窄及颈部动脉狭窄比率均随之升高。三组间颅内动脉狭窄及颈部动脉狭窄比率差异有统计学意义(χ²=23.599,χ²=42.087;均P<0.001)。颅内血管狭窄程度与ESRS评分具有相关性(r=0.367,P<0.001);ESRS等级越高,颅内血管狭窄程度越重。ESRS评分≥3分预测颅内动脉狭窄的ROC曲线下面积为0.676(0.588～0.673)(P<0.001),敏感度为70.1%,特异度为65.0%。结论 ESRS评分与动脉硬化性脑梗死颅内动脉狭窄程度正相关。ESRS评分≥3分可能成为筛查颅内动脉狭窄的提示性指标。     

Endovascular thrombectomy for basilar artery occlusion stroke: Analysis of the German Stroke Registry-Endovascular Treatment

Background and purpose

Acute ischemic stroke due to basilar artery occlusion (BAO) causes the most severe strokes and has a poor prognosis. Data regarding efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy in BAO are sparse. Therefore, in this study, we performed an analysis of the therapy of patients with BAO in routine clinical practice.

Methods

Patients enrolled between June 2015 and December 2019 in the German Stroke Registry-Endovascular Treatment (GSR-ET) were analyzed. Primary outcomes were successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction [mTICI] score of 2b-3), substantial neurological improvement (≥8-point National Institute of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score reduction from admission to discharge or NIHSS score at discharge ≤1), and good functional outcome at 3 months (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score of 0–2).

Results

Out of 6635 GSR-ET patients, 640 (9.6%) patients (age 72.2 ± 13.3, 43.3% female) experienced BAO (median [interquartile range] NIHSS score 17 [8, 27]). Successful reperfusion was achieved in 88.4%. Substantial neurological improvement at discharge was reached by 45.5%. At 3-month follow-up, good clinical outcome was observed in 31.1% of patients and the mortality rate was 39.2%. Analysis of mTICI3 versus mTICI2b groups showed considerable better outcome in those with mTICI3 (38.9% vs. 24.4%; p = 0.005). The strongest predictors of good functional outcome were intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) treatment (odds ratio [OR] 3.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.76–5.23) and successful reperfusion (OR 4.92, 95% CI 1.15–21.11), while the effect of time between symptom onset and reperfusion seemed to be small.

Conclusions

Acute reperfusion strategies in BAO are common in daily practice and can achieve good rates of successful reperfusion, neurological improvement and good functional outcome. Our data suggest that, in addition to IVT treatment, successful and, in particular, complete reperfusion (mTICI3) strongly predicts good outcome, while time from symptom onset seemed to have a lower impact.